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Topic_27___Related_Rates_1_.pdf

mth grade 12

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34 views11 pages

Topic_27___Related_Rates_1_.pdf

mth grade 12

Uploaded by

Sheharyar Humayun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic 27 – Related Rates

In a related rate problem, the rate of one quantity is given and the rate of change of a different
related quantity needs to be found.

To do this, an equation that relates the two quantities needs to be identified and both sides of
the equation need to be differentiated with respect to time.
Example 1:
A spherical snowball is melting in such a way that its volume is decreasing at a rate of
1.0 cm³/min. At what rate is the radius decreasing, when the radius is 5.0 cm?

Step 1: Find the given rate (expressed as a derivative with respect to time).
Let 𝑉 be the volume of the snowball and 𝑟 the radius.

Step 2: Find an equation linking the variable of the given rate with the unknown.

Step 3: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to time.

Step 4: Sub in the given information.


Step 5: Concluding statement.

Example 2:
A spherical balloon is being inflated so that the volume is increasing at a rate of 8.00
m³/min. How fast is the radius of the balloon increasing when the diameter is 2.00 m?
Example 3:
A water tank is built in the shape of a vertical cone with a height of 5.0 m and a
diameter of 6.0 m at the top. Water is being pumped in the tank at a rate of 1.6
m³/min. Find the rate at which the water level is rising when the water is 2.0 m deep.
Sketch the cone.

Let 𝑉 be the volume of the water, 𝑟 be the radius of the surface and ℎ the height at time
𝑡.

The quantities 𝑉 and ℎ are related by the equation:

𝑉 has to be expressed as a function of ℎ alone. To eliminate 𝑟, a relationship between 𝑟


and ℎ must be found.

Sub in
Differentiate both sides with respect to 𝑡.

Sub in the known values.

Solve.

Concluding statement:
Example 4:
A 20.0 m ladder leans against a building. The foot of the ladder is pulled away from the
building at a rate of 2.00 m/s. How fast is the top of the ladder falling when its foot is
10.0 m from the building?
Example 5:
A paper cup has the shape of a cone with the height of 8.00 cm and a radius of 3.00 cm
at the top. Water is poured into the cup at a rate of 2.00 cm³/s. How fast is the water
level rising when the water level is 6.00 cm deep?
Practice Questions
1. The median weight of a boy whose age is between 0 and 36 months can be
approximated by the function 𝑤(𝑡) = 8.15 + 1.82𝑡 − 0.0596𝑡 2 + 0.000758𝑡 3 where 𝑡
is in months and 𝑤 is in pounds.

a) Find the rate of change of weight with respect to time.

b) Find the weight of the baby at birth.

c) Find the rate of change of the weight of the boy at birth.

d) Find the weight of the boy on his first birthday.

e) Find the rate of change of the boy’s weight with respect to time on his first birthday.
2. The stopping distance on glare ice (at some fixed speed of regular tires) is given by a
linear function of the air temperature 𝐶, by 𝐷(𝐶) = 2𝐶 + 115 where 𝐷(𝐶) is the
stopping distance, in m, when the air temperature is 𝐶, in ℃. Find the rate of change of
stopping distance 𝐷 with respect to the air temperature 𝐶. Explain the meaning of your
answer.

3. The circumference 𝐶, in cm, of a healing wound is given by 𝐶(𝑟) = 2𝜋𝑟 where 𝑟 is the
radius in cm. Find the rate of change of the circumference with respect to the radius.
Explain the meaning of your answer.

4. The circular area 𝐴, in square cm, of a healing wound is given by 𝐴(𝑟) = 𝜋𝑟 2 where 𝑟 is
the radius in cm. Find the rate of change of area with respect to the radius, then solve
when 𝑟 = 3.5 cm.
5. The temperature 𝑇 of a person during a certain illness is given by 𝑇(𝑡) = −0.1𝑡 2 +
1.2𝑡 + 98.6 where 𝑇 is the temperature in ℉, at time 𝑡, in days.

a) Find the rate of change of the temperature with respect to time.

b) Find the temperature at 𝑡 = 1.5 days.

c) Find the rate of change at 𝑡 = 1.5 days.

6. For a certain dosage of 𝑥 cubic centimeters (cc) of a drug, the resulting blood pressure 𝐵
in kPa is approximated by 𝐵(𝑥) = 0.05𝑥 2 − 0.3𝑥 3 . Find the rate of change of the blood
pressure with respect to the dosage. Such a rate of change is often called the
sensitivity. Find sensitivity for 2.2 cc.
7. The territorial area of an animal is defined as its defended, or exclusive, region. The

area of 𝑇 of that region can be approximated using the animal’s body weight
𝑑𝑇
𝑊 by 𝑇 = 𝑊 1.31 . Find and explain what it means.
𝑑𝑊

8. The temperature 𝑇 of a person during a certain illness is given by

4𝑡
𝑇(𝑡) = + 9.86 ,
𝑡2 + 1

where 𝑇 is the temperature, in ℉, at time 𝑡, in hours.

a) Find the rate of change of the temperature with respect to time.

b) Find the temperature at 𝑡 = 2.0 h.

c) Find the rate of change at 𝑡 = 2.0 h.


9. The population of a city grows from an initial size of 10 000 to an amount 𝑃, given by
𝑃(𝑡) = 10 000 + 50𝑡 2 where 𝑡 is in years.

a) Find the growth rate.

b) Find the number of people in the city after 20 years.

c) Find the growth rate at 𝑡 = 20.

10. In a certain memory experiment, a person is able to memorize 𝑀 number of words after
𝑡 minutes, where 𝑀(𝑡) = −0.001𝑡 3 + 0.1𝑡 2 .

a) Find the rate of change of the number of words memorized with respect to time.

b) How many words are memorized during the first 10 min?

c) What is the memory rate at 𝑡 = 10 min?

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