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15 views

tutorial 3_sol

Uploaded by

skibidiclark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics 1 International—Tutorial 3

1. An inexperienced archer takes aim at a monkey: he points his arrow


along the direct line from himself to monkey (horizontal distance d and
vertical distance h away). At the instant he releases the arrow, the
monkey dodges by dropping out of the tree. Calculate the following.
a) Where will the arrow pass in relation to the monkey (above/below/on
target).
b) A more experienced archer would not have aimed along this direct
line. Describe the direction an experienced archer would have aimed
the arrow and discuss the result (i.e. how would your answer to part
a) change in this case).

If the arrow is released with speed v then its initial velocity is v(d/r,h/r)
where r2=d2+h2. Thus, releasing at t=0 from the origin, the arrow
position is
[x,y]=[vtd/r, vth/r-gt2/2]
while the monkey’s position (dropping from rest at t=0) is
[X,Y]=[d,h-gt2/2]

The arrow reaches the horizontal position of monkey when x=X, i.e.
t=r/v. At this time, the arrow’s height is y=v(r/v)(h/r)-g(r/v)2/2=h-
g(r/v)2/2 and the monkey’s height is the same: Y=y. Thus the arrow hits
the monkey.

The more experienced archer would aim to hit the stationary monkey.
With arrow speed v and velocity v (cos a, sin a) his arrow reaches
monkey’s horizontal position at time t=d/(v cos a). The height of his
arrow at this time would be
y=v(sin a)d/( v cos a)-g(d/ [v cos a])2/2 =d tan a -gd2 / (v2 cos2a)
and the experienced archer would choose his launch angle a so that
this y=h. This launch angle is higher than the inexperienced archer, for
whom cos a = d/r, and thus the monkey would escape death as the
arrow would pass above it.

2. A dog’s position is given by the following expression.


𝑟𝑟⃗(𝑡𝑡) = 10 m (cos [5 𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡], sin[5𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡]).
a) Describe the motion with a picture. Indicate the directions of the
position, velocity and acceleration vectors on your picture.
b) Find the speed and acceleration of the dog.

Taking time derivatives;


𝑣𝑣⃗(𝑡𝑡) = 50 (m/s) (-sin [5 𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡], cos[5𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡]).
𝑎𝑎⃗(𝑡𝑡) = 250 (m/𝑠𝑠 2 ) (-cos [5 𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡], -sin[5𝑠𝑠 −1 𝑡𝑡]).
The dog’s speed is (an impressive) 50 m/s.

3. When your speed is constant but your velocity is changing with time,
which must be true? (Pick the best option and explain your choice).
a) Your velocity is zero
b) Your acceleration is zero
c) Your acceleration is perpendicular to your velocity
d) Your acceleration is parallel to your velocity
e) It isn’t possible…you’re lying!
If velocity is changing with time then it cannot remain at zero—so if speed is
constant while velocity is changing then the only possibility is c.

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