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29 views

algebra

Uploaded by

arif0065g
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known

as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of statements within those systems.


It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic
operations other than the standard arithmetic operations such as addition and
multiplication.

Elementary algebra is the main form of algebra taught in school and examines
mathematical statements using variables for unspecified values. It seeks to
determine for which values the statements are true. To do so, it uses different
methods of transforming equations to isolate variables. Linear algebra is a closely
related field that investigates linear equations and combinations of them called
systems of linear equations. It provides methods to find the values that solve all
equations in the system at the same time, and to study the set of these solutions.

Abstract algebra studies algebraic structures, which consist of a set of


mathematical objects together with one or several operations defined on that set.
It is a generalization of elementary and linear algebra, since it allows
mathematical objects other than numbers and non-arithmetic operations. It
distinguishes between different types of algebraic structures, such as groups,
rings, and fields, based on the number of operations they use and the laws they
follow. Universal algebra and category theory provide general frameworks to
investigate abstract patterns that characterize different classes of algebraic
structures.

Algebraic methods were first studied in the ancient period to solve specific
problems in fields like geometry. Subsequent mathematicians examined general
techniques to solve equations independent of their specific applications. They
described equations and their solutions using words and abbreviations until the
16th and 17th centuries, when a rigorous symbolic formalism was developed. In the
mid-19th century, the scope of algebra broadened beyond a theory of equations to
cover diverse types of algebraic operations and structures. Algebra is relevant to
many branches of mathematics, such as geometry, topology, number theory, and
calculus, and other fields of inquiry, like logic and the empirical sciences.

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