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Lecture Note 3

LA 03

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Pavani Kavindhya
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8 views

Lecture Note 3

LA 03

Uploaded by

Pavani Kavindhya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Kelaniya

Bachelor of Business Honours in Financial Engineering


BBFE 21513 Linear Algebra
Lecture Note 03- Inverse of a Matrix

Consider the real number equation . To solve this equation for we need to

multiply both sides of the equation by or .

The number is called the multiplicative inverse of , because yields 1


( the identity element for multiplication). The definition of a multiplicative inverse of a
matrix is similar.

Definition

Remarks

01. A square matrix that has an inverse is called invertible or non-singular. A matrix
that does not have an inverse is called singular.
02. It is not necessary that a matrix have an inverse, but if it does, the inverse is unique.

Uniqueness of Inverse

Dr. K.K.K.R.Perera Page 1


Proof: Left for students

Example:

Example:

Dr. K.K.K.R.Perera Page 2


Properties of matrix inverse

If A is an invertible matrix, k is a positive integer and c is a scalar not equal to zero,


then and are invertible and the following are true.
(i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).

Inverse of product

Cancellation Property

Dr. K.K.K.R.Perera Page 3


Short method : Finding the Inverse of a 2×2 Matrix

The inverse of a 2×2 matrix can be found by

1. Switch the elements on the main diagonal


2. Take the opposite of the other two elements
3. Divide all the values by the determinant of the matrix (it is the product of the
elements on the main diagonal minus the product of the other two elements).

Example: Find the inverse of the matrix

Step 1: switch the elements on the main diagonal. That is switch 5 and 7.

Step 2: Take the opposite sign of the other two elements, but leave them where they

are.

Step 3: Find the determinant and divide every element by that. The determinant is
the product of the elements on the main diagonal minus the product of the elements
off the main diagonal. That means the determinant of this matrix is 7(5) - (-3)(2) =
35 + 6 = 41. We divide every element by 41.

Step 4: The inverse of the original matrix is

Dr. K.K.K.R.Perera Page 4

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