6 =tan"l(0.5) = 26.57° mm The velocity ofthe stone at t=11 s is 22.36 mvs and is at angle 26.57° with the horizontal. |. When the stone is dropped! from the truck, the horizontal force provided by the truck acting on the stone becomes zero, The only force and thus, the acceleration, that remains is that in the vertical direction i.e, acceleration due to gravity. ‘Therefore, the acceleration of the stone is 10 m/s® and its in the downward direction. 28. According the question, a large bottle is fied with a siphon made of capillary glass tubing and given that ‘The volume of liquid flowing in time t through a capillary tbe is given by sortt _ shpurte VE Qe Sr eat stort For wate, v= Sa For pewrol, Vp = Aztte But Vy = Va.Bx on “Magnus effect, generation ofa sidewise force on a spinning cylindrical or spherical solid immersed ina flutd (liquid or gas) when there is relative motion between the spinning body and the fluid. It is responsible forthe “curve” of a served tenis ball ora driven {olf ball and affects the trajectory of a spinning atilery shell. A spinning object moving through fluid departs from its straight path because of pressure differences that develop inthe fluld as result of velocity changes induced by the spinning body. The Magnus effect isa particular manifestation of Bemoull's theroem, fluid pressure decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases. tn the case of a bal spinning through the ar, the ‘uring ball drags some of the ar around with it. Viewed fom the postion ofthe ball, the aris rushing by onal ides. The drag of the side of the ball turning into the air (into the direction te ball traveling) retards the airflow, whereas on the other side the drag speeds up the alrflow. Greater pressure onthe side where the airflow Is slowed down forces the ballin the direction ofthe low-pressure region on the opposite side, where arelaive increase in airflow occurs. 1. According tothe formula v = ‘Thus, vx VT ‘With the increase in temperature T, the velocity v inereases since it is directly proportional tothe square root of absolute ‘temperature [ae i, According to formula w=, where Mg the molar mass, Molar mass of water vapour (1,0) © 18 is much es than ‘the molar mass of nitrogen (N,) * 28 and oxygen ~ 32. The effective molar mass Mo of air decreases with the increase in ‘water vapour. Therefore, the speed of sound in alr increases with increase in humidity. OR Here we have, v= 250 Hz and Ty = 273K ‘Also, Ty = 273 + 40 = 313K; Ay = 132m ‘Therefore, Speed of sound = wavelength x frequency, Le, vg = Yo Ao = 250 x 1.32 = 330 mis Since we know that, Speed of sound, voc YT Thus we have, 2 1s toy) =300 and vy =Vo Ay sat Oy = SBH 141m ‘Therfore, Change in the wavelength is given by: A= — Ay = 141-132 0.09 m Suppose my andm be the masses fice melted atthe same time (= 1 min) in vessels A and, respectively. ‘The amounts of heat flowed int the two vessels wll be ih 7 BABY ma mal ‘where L Is latent heat of ie. Dividing Equation () by Equation (i) K 2 23 i ~ We Section D . Mass of the automobile Is given by, m = 3000 kg Displacement in the suspension system is given by, x= 15cm = 0.15 m‘There are 4 springs in parallel tothe support ofthe mass ofthe automobile. “The equation for the restoring force forthe system is given by: Fe -dkx= mg ‘Where, kis the spring constant ofthe suspension system Time petiod, T= 2, And k= Sf = SH — 50005 x 104N/m ‘Spring constant, k= 5 x 10'N/m a. Each whee! suppor a mass i given by , M = 222 = 750 ky For damping facto b the equation for displacement is written as: ‘Time period is given by ,t = 2x, /# = 2, (MM = Nar pa Beton. ‘0.7001 351.58 ks ‘Therefore, the damping constant of the spring is given by 1951.58 ke/s. oR ‘The functions have the same frequency and amplitude, but different initial phases, Given: Distance traveled by the mass sideways is given by, A = 2.0 cm Force constant of te spring is given by, k= 1200 N mt ‘Mass, mis given by = 3 kg Angular frequency of oscillation is given by: (xpring coma wat 400 = 20rads"* a. When the mass is at the mean position, the inital phase is 0 Displacement is given by, = x=Assinwt = 2sin 20 At the maximum stretched position, the mass is toward the extreme right. Hence, the initial phase is hence, Displacements given by, ‘ a= Asn(ut + 2sin (200 + 3) = 2eos 20 At the maximum compressed position, the mass fs voward the extreme lft Hence, the inal phase fs #5. Displacements given by, + r= Asin(ot +2) = ain (20 + 88) =-20m 20 4. The fanctions have the same frequency ($272) and amplitde (2 er), but inital phases are different 32, Given : Width of the river, d= 1 km ‘Velocity of swimmer, v, = 5 kavhyVelocity of river water, v;~ 3 km/h along OQ. Pp ow Q |. The swimmer wants to ross the river straight, hence the direction of swimmer’s motion is perpendicular tothe direction of flowing river water ie, along OP. This is possible only if the swimmer swims at angle a with respect to the upstream as shown inthe figure; From the geometry of the figure we have, a + @= 90° or @= 90" — a From AOPR, we have sind = sin(90” ~ a) = cosa = $= 3 =06 a= cos (05) > a= 53°" Ii The resultant velocity along OP ts glven by = Ve = VR 3 mak 1. Time taken by swimmer to cross the rive, 0.25 h=15 min oR 1. As we know # and } are unt vectors, Magnitude af (? + 3) = VG)? Gl)? = v3 nts If vector (i + j) makes an angle of @ with the x - axis, then = tan 45° or = 45° ‘Hence, resultant vector (i — 3) makes an angle of 45° from x-axis in negative direction. Ill. To determine the component of A = 2i + 3 In the direction of (i + §) Letus assume B= (i + j), then A.B = AB cos® = (A cos6). B or Acos= AB. cinsiniaiy => Acosd- VaraTil Jv. Unit vector along (i + j), 8 ‘Component of A along (i — j) ‘The magnitude ofthe component of A in the direction of jj) - cia j-j-Seey OD Var ‘A body rolling on an inclined plane of height h, is shown inthe following figure: m= Mass of the body R= Radius ofthe body K = Radius of gyration ofthe body At highest point, energy of body (E))= PE = mgh Atlowest point, Energy of body() = linear kinetic energy + rotation kinetic energy Hd xcmes bx tu? But l= mk? and = = a\ ia 3 (mk) (4) + de? Bd mi? + bine? a =}? (1+) From the law of conservation of energy, we have: E=Er rmgh= te? (1+4) ay (ene) ‘Hence, the given result is proved. “The given situation can be shown as: Ng = Force exer on the ladder by the floor pont B < = Force exerted on the ladder by the floor point ¢ ‘T= Tension in the rope 6m ‘Mass of the weight, m= 40 kg Draw a perpendicular from A on the floor BC. This intersects DE at mid-point Hi. AABI and AAIC are similar 2. BI=IC Hence, I is the mid-point of BC. DE|| BCBC=2x DE=1m AF=BA-BF=04m...() Dis the mid-point of AB. Hence, we can write: AD=+ x BA=0.8m ...(ii) Using equations (ane (i), we get: FE=04m, ‘Hence, FIs the mid-polnt of AD. FG || DH and F is the mid-point of AD. Hence, G will also be the mid-point of AH. AAFG and AADH are similar tm AADH: AH = JAD? — DH? = V8? — (0.25) = 0.76m For translational equilibrium of the ladder, the upward force should be equal to the downward force. No+Na=mg=392...(ll) For rotational equilibrium of the ladder, the net moment about A is: =Ny x BI+ mg x FG +N, x O1+T x AG-T x AG=0 Np x 0.5 +40 x 9.8 x 0.125 +N, x (0.5) =0 (No — Np) x 0.5 = 49 No-Nq=98 ‘Adding equations (it) and (iv), we get: Ne=245N Na=M7N For rotational equilibrium of the side AB, consider the moment about A. —Np x BI+ mg x FG +T x AG=0 245 «0.5 +40 49.8 x 0.125 +7 x 0.76=0 0767 = 1225-49 2.7 =96.7 N Hence, tension inthe given question will be 96.7 N from the above calculation, Section E Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Free fall isa kind of motion that everybody can observe in dally Ife. We drop something accidentally or purpasely and see is motion. At the beginning its speed is zero and until the end it gains speed and before it reaches ground its maximum speed. It gains speed approximately 10 mvs ina second while falling because of the gravitation During the fall, the ar resistance is neglected and the acceleration remains constant (equal tog). The object is sad to be in free {all f the height chrough which the object fall s small compared to the earth's radius, can be taken to be constant and equal 10 10 mvs? approximately. f the object is dropped from the top ofa tall building, and it takes t seconds to reach the ground hen the velocity when it reaches ground is gt. The height ofthe building is + ge2 () Height of building is given as Hedge? = 4 «10x 2? =20m (li) Itis assumed that there is no ar resistance and height through which the object falls is small compared to the earths radius.(ipVeloety (m/s) oR ‘The acceleration is constant during the freefall, acceleration time graph is given as acceleration (m/s?) A 0 > time (5) -10 (mvs?) 35, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘The kinetic energy of an object isthe energy associated with the object which is under motion. 1t is defined as “the energy requited by @ body to accelerate from rest to stated velocity.” Its a vector quantity and the momentum of an object is the virtue of its mass. Its defined as the product of mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity. The relation between them is given by E = ‘case of the elastic collision both of these quantities remain constant. oe (D Energy and momentum are related as ra asE=e so Eat therefore $k = = 4 so energy ratio will be 4 : 1 (i) Linear momentum and kinetic energy are related as n=£ ‘on increa sing the momentum by 50%, new momentum is p= P=15P the new kinetic energy pe _ spi! from (i) and (i) we getAGE «100 = (2.25 - 1) x 100 = 125 ‘so percentage change in kinetic energy will be 125 percent. (lii)As speed of body is given by a velocity square is always positive and mass isa positive quantity, there fore kinetic energy is a positive quantity.