Mechanical Properties of matter

CLASS 11 - PHYSICS
Section A

1 You hang a flood lamp from the end of vertical steel wire. The flood lamp stretches the wire [1]
0.18 mm and the stress is proportional to the strain. How much would it have stretched for a
copper wire of the original length and diameter? (young modulus of steel=2.0× 10 11 N/m 2
and young modulus of copper=1.1 × 10 11 N/m 2 )

a) 0.33 mm
b) 0.39 mm

c) 0.18 mm

d) 0.37 mm

2 Modulus of rigidity of ideal liquids is [1]

a) infinity

b) zero

c) some finite small non - zero constant value

d) unity

3 The relation between Young’s modulus (Y), bulk modulus (𝜅 ) and modulus of elasticity ( 𝜂 )is [1]
3 1 3
a) = +
𝑌 𝑛 𝜅
1 3 1
b) = +
𝑌 𝜂 3𝜅

1 1 3
c) = =
𝑌 𝜅 𝜂

1 3 1
d) = +
𝑛 𝛾 3𝑘

4 The temperature of a wire is doubled. The Young’s modulus of elasticity [1]

a) will become four times

b) will also double

c) will remain same

d) will decrease

5 When water freezes, it expands by about 9.00%. What would be the pressure increase inside [1]
your automobile’s engine block if the water in it froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.00× 10 9
N/m 2 .)

a) 2.4× 10 8 N/m 2
 b) 1.1× 10 8 N/m 2

c) 4.16× 10 8 N/m 2

d) 1.8× 10 8 N/ m 2

6 Which of the following affects the elasticity of a substance? [1]

a) Impurity in substance

b) All of these

c) Hammering and annealing

d) Change in temperature

7 A cube of aluminium of side 0.1 m is subjected to a shearing force of 100 N. The top face of the [1]
cube is displaced through 0.02 cm with respect to the bottom face. The shearing strain would
be

a) 0.002

b) 0.1

c) 0.005

d) 0.02

8 A piece of copper having a rectangular cross - section of 15.2 mm× 19.1 mm is pulled in [1]
tension with 44,500 N force, producing only elastic deformation. Calculate the resulting
strain.(Take Young’s modulus of copper as 11 × 10 10 Pa)

a) 0.06× 10 −2

b) 0.11× 10 −2

c) 0.04× 10 −2

d) 0.14× 10 −2

9 Two wires are made of the same material and have the same volume. The first wire has cross - [1]
sectional area A and the second wire has cross - sectional area 3A. If the length of the first wire
is increased by𝛥𝑙 on applying a force F, how much force is needed to stretch the second wire by
the same amount?

a) 6 F
b) 9 F

c) 4 F

d) F

10 If the shear stress exceeds about 4.00× 10 N/m , steel ruptures. Determine the shearing
8 2
[1]
force necessary to shear a steel bolt 1.00 cm in diameter?
a) 3.44× 10 4 N
 b) 3.34× 10 4 N

c) 3.14× 10 4 N

d) 3.24× 10 4 N

11 The following four wires are made of the same material. Which of these will have the largest [1]
extension when the same tension is applied?

a) Length = 200 cm, diameter = 2 mm

b) Length = 50 cm, diameter = 0.5 mm

c) Length = 300 cm, diameter = 3 mm

d) Length = 100 cm, diameter = 1 mm

12 A 4 m long copper wire of cross - sectional area 1.2 cm is stretched by a force of 4.8 × 10 N.
2 3
[1]
Young’s modulus for copper is Y = 1.2 × 10 11 N/m 2 . The increase in length of the wire is

a) 0.48 mm

b) 0.8 mm

c) 5.36 mm

d) 1.32 mm

13 Among solids, liquids and gases, which can have all the three moduli of elasticity? [1]
14 Stress and pressure are both forces per unitarea. Then, in what respect does stress differ from [1]
pressure?
15 Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet - clay, are dropped from the same [1]
height on the floor. Which one will rise to a greater height after striking the floor and why?
16 Among solids, liquids and gases, which possess the greatest bulk modulus? [1]
17 What is the value of modulus of rigidity for an incompressible liquid? [1]
18 Define yield point. [1]
19 What increase in pressure will be needed to decrease the volume of 1.0 m 3 of water by 10 c.c.? [1]
The bulk modulus of water is 0.21 × 10 10 Nm −2 .
20 The spherical ball contracts in volume by 0.1% when subjected to a uniform normal pressure of [1]
100 atmosphere. Calculate the bulk modulus of material of ball.
21 Write copper, steel, glass and rubber in the order of increasing coefficient of elasticity. [1]
22 Two wires made of the same material are subjected to forces in the ratio of 1 : 4. Their lengths [1]
are in the ratio 8 : 1 and diameter in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the ratio of their extensions.
23 A uniform pressure P is exerted on all sides of a solid cube at temperature t 𝑜 C. By what amount [2]
should the temperature of the cube be raised in order to bring its volume back to the volume it
had before the pressure was applied, if the bulk modulus and coefficient of volume expansion of
the material are 𝜅 and 𝛾 respectively?
24 Two strips of metal are riveted together at their ends by four rivets, each of diameter 6.0 mm. [2]
What is the maximum tension that can be exerted by the riveted strip if the shearing stress on
the rivet is not to exceed6.9 × 107 Pa? Assume that each rivet is to carry one quarter of the
load.
25 Compute the fractional change in volume of a glass slab, when subjected to a hydraulic pressure [2]
of 10 atm.
26 Calculate the value of stress in a wire of steel havinga radiusof 2 mm of 10 kN of force is applied [2]
on it.
27 Two wires made of the same material are subjectedto forces in the ratio 1: 4. Their lengths are [2]
inthe ratio 2: 1 and diameters in the ratio 1: 3.What is the ratio of their extensions?
28 If a wire of length 4 m and cross - sectional area of 2m2 is stretched by a force of3 kN, then [2]
determine the change inlength of the wire due to the appliedforce. Given Young’s modulus
ofmaterial of the wire is110 × 10 9 N/m.
29 A silica glass rod has a diameter of 1 cm and is 10 cm long. The ultimate strength of glass is 50× [2]
10 6 Nm −2 . Estimate the largest mass that can be hung from it without breaking it. Take g = 10
N kg −1 .
30 Explain, what do you mean by elastic limit? [2]
31 The breaking force for a wire is F. What will be the breaking force for [2]
1. two parallel wires of the same size

2. for a single wire of double the thickness?

32 The length of a metal is l1 , when the tension in it is T 1 and is l 2 when tension is T 2 . Find the [2]
original length of wire?
33 Two wires of equal cross - section but one made of steel and the other copper are joined end to [2]
end. When the combination is kept under tension, the elongation in the two wires is found to be
equal. Given Young’s moduli of steel and copper are 2.0× 10 11 Nm −2 and 1.1 × 10 11 Nm −2 .
Find the ratio between the lengths of steel and copper wires.
34 Two wires of same length and material but of different radii are suspended from a rigid [2]
support. Both carry the same load. Will the stress, strain and extension in them be same or
different?
35 To what depth must a rubber ball be taken in deep sea so that its volume is decreased by 0.1%. [3]
(The bulk modulus of rubber is 9.8× 10 8 Nm –2 ; and the density of sea water is 10 3 kg m –3 .)
36 Explain the following: [3]
1. Concrete beams used in large buildings have greater depth than breadths.

2. Load bearing bars are generally made in I - section.

3. Pillar with distributed ends is preferred over a pillar with rounded ends.

37 A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at one end. When the other end of the wire is [3]
pulled by a force f, its length increases by l. Another wire of the same material of length 2 L and
radius 2 r , is pulled by a force 2f . Find the increase in length of this wire.
38 The edge of an aluminum cube is 10 cm long. One face of the cube is firmly fixed to a vertical [3]
wall. A mass of 100 kg is then attached to the opposite face of the cube. The shear modulus of
aluminium is 25 GPa. What is the vertical deflection of this face?
39 A load of 31.4 kg is suspended from a wire of radius 10 −3 m and density 9 × 10 3 kg m −3 . [3]
Calculate the change in temperature of the wire if 75% of the work done is converted into heat.
The Young’s modulus and the specific heat of the material of the wire are 9.8 × 10 10 Nm −2 and
490 J kg −1 K −1 respectively.
40 The average depth of ocean is 2500 m. Calculate the fractional compression(𝛥𝑉 ) of Water at the [3]
𝑉
bottom of ocean, given that the bulk modulus of water is 2.3 × 10 9 N/m 2 .
41 What is the percentage increase in the length of awire of diameter 2.5 mm stretched by a force [3]
of100 kg weight. Young’s modulus of elasticity ofwire is 12.5× 10 11 dyne/sq cm.
42 The stress - strain graphs for materials A and Bare shown in figure. [3]

The graphs are drawn to the same scale.

1. Which of the materials has greater Young’s modulus?

2. Which of the two is the stronger material?

43 The stress - strain graph for a metal wire is given in the figure. Up to the point B, the wire [3]
returns to its original state O along the curve BAO, when it is gradually unloaded. Point E
corresponds to the fracture point of the wire.

1. Up to which point of the curve, is Hook’s law obeyed? This point is also called
’Proportionality limit’.

2. Which point on the curve corresponds to elastic limit and yield point of the wire?

3. Indicate the elastic and plastic regions of the stress - strain curve.

4. What change happens when the wire is loaded up to a stress corresponding to point C
on a curve, and then unloaded gradually?

44 Consider an Indian rubber cube having modulus of rigidity of 2× 10 7 dyne/cm 2 and of side 8 [3]
cm. If one side of the rubber is fixed, while a tangential force equal to the weight of 300 kg is
applied to the opposite face, then find out the shearing strain produced and distance through
which the strain side moves.
45 Determine the volume contraction of a solidcopper cube, 10 cm on an edge, when subjectedto a [3]
hydraulic pressure of 7× 10 6 Pa. Bulkmodulus for copper = 140 × 10 9 Pa.
46 Briefly apply your knowledge of elasticity in the working of a crane used for lifting and moving [3]
heavy loads. Illustrate by some rough calculations.
47 A stone of 0.5 kg mass is attached to one end of a 0.8 mlong aluminium wire of 0.7 mmdiameter [5]
and suspended vertically. The stone is now rotated in a horizontal plane at a rate such that the
wire makes an angle of 85 𝑜 with the vertical. Find the increase in the length of the wire. The
Young’s modulus of aluminium = 7 × 10 10 Nm −2 ,sin 85 𝑜 = 0.9962, cos 85 𝑜 = 0.0872).
48 Define Young’s modulus, bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity. Write mathematical [5]
expressions for these moduli. What is compressibility?
49 What is interatomic force? Discuss the variation of interatomic force with interatomic [5]
separation.
50 Determine the volume contraction of a solid copper cube, 10 cm on an edge, when subjected to [5]
a hydraulic pressure of7.0 × 106 Pa.
51 The stress - strain graph for a metal wire is shown in the figure. Upto point E, the wire returns [5]
to its original state O along the curve EPO when it is gradually unloaded. Point B corresponds to
the fracture of the wire.

1. Up to which point on the curve is Hooke’s law obeyed? This point is sometimes called
the Proportionality limit.

2. Which point on the curve corresponds to the elastic limit and yield point of the wire?

3. Indicate the elastic and plastic regions of the stress - strain graph.

4. Describe what happens when the wire is loaded up to a stress corresponding to point A
on the graph and then unloaded gradually. In particular, explain the dotted curve.

5. What is peculiar about the portion of the stress - strain graph from C to B? Up to what
stress can the wire be subjected without causing fracture?

52 Assertion (A): The strain produced in a stretched spring is shearing [1]

Reason (R): When spring is stretched, the length of wire of spring increases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

53 Assertion (A): Identical springs of steel and copper are equally stretched. More work will be [1]
done on the steel spring.

Reason (R): Steel is more elastic than copper.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

 d) A is false but R is true.

54 Assertion (A): A hollow shaft is found to be stronger than a solid shaft made of same material. [1]
Reason (R): The torque required to produce a given twist in hollow cylinder is greater than
that required to twist a solid cylinder of same size and material.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

55 Assertion: The strain produced in a stretched spring is shearing [1]

Reason: When spring is stretched, the length of wire of spring increases.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for
assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

56 Assertion (A): If the volume of a body remains unchanged, when subjected to tensile strain, [1]
1
the value of Poisson’s ratio is − .
2

Reason (R): Phosphor bronze has low Young’s modulus and higher rigidity modulus.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false.

d) A is false but R is true.

57 Read the text carefully and answer the questions: When a bar of cross - section A is [4]
subjected to equal and opposite tensile forces at its ends, then a restoring force equal to the
applied force normal to its cross - section comes into existence. This restoring force per unit
area of cross - section is known as tensile stress. While when the deforming force acts
tangentially to the surface, then this tangential force applied per unit area of cross - section is
known as tangential stress. consider a plane section of the bar whose normal makes an angle𝜃
with the axis of the bar.

1. Which of the following property of the bar does not change due to this force?
 a) Size

b) Shape

c) Area

d) Volume

2. What is the tensile stress on this plane?

a) (F/A) sec2 𝜃

b) (F/A) cos2 𝜃

c) (F/A) tan𝜃

d) (F/A)

3. What is the shearing stress on this plane?

𝐹
a)
4𝐴2
𝐹
b) cos2𝜃
𝐴
𝐹
c) sin2𝜃
2𝐴
𝐹
d) cos2 𝜃
2𝐴

4. For what value of𝜃 is the tensile stress maximum?

a) 30$^{$

b) 0$^{$

c) 45$^{$

d) 90$^{$