PROMETRIC

QUESTIONS
FOR
RADIOLOGY
TECHNICIAN &
TECHNOLOGIST
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1. On what voltage do the X-rays operate?
a) 350 kV
b) 375 kV
c) 400 kV
d) 475 kV
Answer: c
Explanation: The X-ray are waves are having very short wavelength. The object which has to be tested is
exposed to the X-rays, for doing this, high voltage supply is required. The X-rays ideally operate on 400
kV.

2. X-rays are useful in detecting defects in casts up to what thickness?

a) 60 mm
b) 61 mm
c) 62 mm
d) 63 mm
Answer: c
Explanation: The X-rays are waves of high amount of energy in them and are very useful in the detection
of defects in the casts. They need a high amount of voltage supply for this and are able to detect defects
up to a thickness of 62mm.

3. What is the lower range of wavelength of the X-rays?

a) 0.001 x 10-5 cm
b) 0.001 x 10-6 cm
c) 0.001 x 10-7 cm
d) 0.001 x 10-8 cm
Answer: d
Explanation: X-rays are known to be waves with very low amount of wavelength. For the production of X-
rays, one may usually need an X-ray tube. The shortest X-ray wavelength is calculated to be 0.001 x 10-
8
cm.
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4. What is the lower range of wavelength of the X-rays?

a) 40 x 10-7 cm
b) 40 x 10-8 cm
c) 40 x 10-9 cm
d) 40 x 10-10 cm
Answer: b
Explanation: The X-rays are considered to be rays having a short wavelength. These X-rays can be
produced with the help of an X-ray tube or a Cobalt-60 isotope. The longest wavelength of an X-ray is 40
x 10-8 cm.

5. Which of the following is not a source of production for gamma rays?

a) Cobalt-60
b) Iridium-192

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c) Caesium-167
d) Americium-241
Answer: d
Explanation: Among all the above given isotopes, a Cobalt – 60 isotope, Iridium-192 isotope and a
Caesium-167 isotope are mainly used for producing gamma rays but not Americium-241 isotope, it is
used for making alpha rays.

6. What should the diameter of a Cobalt-60 source used for producing gamma rays?
a) 2 mm
b) 3 mm
c) 4 mm
d) 5 mm
Answer: b
Explanation: For the production of gamma rays, there are some radioactive particles employed. One of
them is a Cobalt-60 isotope. The diameter of the source of this isotope is calculated to be around 3 mm
in length.

7. For what thickness of a material, do the X-rays give the best results?
a) 50 mm
b) 55 mm
c) 60 mm
d) 65 mm
Answer: a
Explanation: X-rays are considered to be having a larger wavelength as compared to that of gamma rays.
Owing to this fact, the penetration power of the X-rays is less. Hence, for a shorter thickness, it would
give good detection. The best results are obtained in X-ray detection when the thickness of the material
is below 50mm.

8. Which of the following can be a wavelength of gamma ray?

a) 2 x 10-8 cm
b) 3 x 10-8 cm
c) 4 x 10-8 cm
d) 5 x 10-8 cm
Answer: b
Explanation: Gamma rays are supposedly known to have a shorter wavelength as compared to that of X-
rays. The wavelength of gamma rays ranges from 0.005 x 10-8 cm to 3 x 10-8 cm.

9. The film produced by an X-ray is called as a radiograph.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The film produced by an X-ray is called as an exograph. The film that is produced using
gamma rays is called as gamma graph and the combination of the two is called as a radiograph.

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10. The penetration power of X-rays depends only on the wavelength of the radiation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In radiography, there is an X-ray wave used for non-destructive testing. The penetration
power of the X-ray depends not just on the wavelength of the radiation but also on the absorbing power
of the material.

11. In non-destructive testing, sound test used is a very fine and accurate method of detecting flaws in
the castings.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Sound test is a very rough test to indicate any flaws or discontinuities in the casting. The
casting is suspended by suitable support and tapping is done at the surface of the casting with a hammer
that makes a variation in the tone which indicates the existence of flaws. This method does not indicate
the exact location and extent of the discontinuity in the casting.

12. Impact test for detection of defects in the casting is the most crude and unreliable method of non-
destructive testing.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: In the impact test, the casting is subjected to a blow by the help of a hammer of known
weight, which basically strikes or falls on the surface of the casting. Defective castings fail due to the
impact of the blow, but this method is very crude and unreliable to the material or casting which is
inspected.

13. Which of the following methods of NDT requires leak proofing of casting before inspection?
a) Impact test
b) Visual inspection
c) Sound test
d) Pressure test
Answer: d
Explanation: Pressure test used on castings required to be leak proof. In this method, all the openings of
the casting are closed and then gas with high pressure is introduced in it. If the casting is having a
porosity or another defect, then it can be detected by leaking of gas in the water when the casting is
submerged into the water.
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14. Which of the following types of rays is used in radiography for the inspection of castings?
a) X- rays
b) Infrared rays
c) Ultraviolet rays
d) Visible rays

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Answer: a
Explanation: Radiography uses X-rays, these rays penetrate through the castings and makes a shadow
picture on a film which is placed behind the material. These rays have a very short wave length of the
order of 0.001 Angstrom. And sometimes gamma rays are also used for the inspection of castings.

15. In radiography, the penetration of rays is much easier with the less density of metal or casting.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The ability of rays to penetrate through the metal mainly depends on the density of metal
and they can penetrate more easily where less density of metal is present and it leads to the formation
of shadow picture on the film. And any defects in the casting can easily be identified from the shadow
picture.

16. In penetrant testing of NDT, a liquid is penetrated into the cracks of metal by the application of
pressure.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Penetrant testing method is generally used for detecting very small surface cracks and it has
an advantage over the magnetic particle method that it can be used for any material. A penetrant liquid
is used which is drawn into the cracks or voids by means of capillary action. In this method, there is no
requirement of pressure.

17. Which of the following methods of inspection uses high frequency of sound waves for the
detection of flaws in the castings?
a) Penetrant test
b) Radiography
c) Pressure test
d) Ultrasonic inspection
Answer: d
Explanation: Ultrasonic inspection is used to detect defects like cracks and porosity within the interior of
the casting or material. This method uses reflection and transmission of high frequency sound waves,
which are much higher than the audible range and then these waves are made pass through the casting
for inspection.

18. In ultrasonic inspection, a signal processing technique is used for the accurate indication of
porosity in the castings.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: A signal processing technique is used for accurately verifying the presence of porosity and
also to determine the size and volume fraction. This is mainly done by measuring the changes in
frequency by using a broad band transducer, in which the front and the back surface signals of the
casting are acquired and digitized.

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19. Which of the following terms changes in the eddy current testing method for the detection of
defects in the castings?
a) Resistance
b) Impedance
c) Conductivity
d) Capacitance
Answer: b
Explanation: In the method of eddy current testing, the impedance of a coil is changes and the coil is
brought close to a conductive material which indicates the eddy current induced by the coil and thereby
indicates various properties and also the defects of the casting. This method can be used effectively with
both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

20. There are no restrictions in the eddy current testing method; it can detect defects up to high depth
in the castings.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Eddy current inspection is generally restricted to the depth less than 6mm, that’s why it is
not as sensitive to small open defects of high depth as liquid penetrant testing (LPT) or magnetic particle
inspection (MPI). But it can replace LPT method for detection of surface connected discontinuities.

21. Eddy current testing method can also be used for the evaluation of heat damage to the metal
alloys.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Eddy current conductivity testing method is commonly used to assess heat damage of
various heat treatable alloys. In order to have a quantitative assessment of heat damaged material, the
establishment of conductivity, hardness and strength, a (CHS) relationship is required for each alloy.

22. Acoustic emission testing method is basically employed for the detection of surface discontinuities
on the castings.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Acoustic emission testing method, in which solid materials emit sound or acoustic emission
when they are stressed mechanically or thermally to the point where deformation or fracturing occurs.
This creates elastic waves which can be analyzed by an acoustic emission test system to monitor the
condition of the material or casting under stress.

23. Radiographic inspection use _________

a) Sound waves
b) AC
c) X-rays

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d) Visible light
Answer: c
Explanation: Radiographic inspection use very short wavelength electromagnetic radiations. These are X-
rays and ϒ-rays.

24. The dark areas represent an object with ________

a) Lower density
b) High density
c) Porosity
d) Grain boundaries
Answer: a
Explanation: The dark areas represent an object with lower density. This is because of less absorption of
radiation. These parts may be porosity or voids.

25. The film in radiographic inspection is called __________

a) Plate
b) Radiograph
c) Micrograph
d) X-ray sheet
Answer: b
Explanation: A photographic film is used on the other side of object. It is known as the radiograph. It is
called xerograph if film is exposed to x-ray radiation.
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26. ________ produce light area on film.

a) Inclusions
b) Pores
c) Voids
d) Blow holes
Answer: a
Explanation: Inclusions are denser than the surrounding material. These absorb more radiation than
lower density areas. It hence produces light area on film.

27. Radiography don’t give ________

a) Thickness of material
b) Hardness
c) Blow holes in casting
d) Pores in weldment
Answer: b
Explanation: Radiography is used for detecting internal defects mainly. Blow holes, voids and porosity are
best examples.
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28. Planar defects can’t be detected by radiography.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Radiographic inspection is mainly used for internal defect detection. Planer defects can also
be detected by proper orientation.

29. The amount of absorption of rays depends on the density and thickness of the material.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Radiation is absorbed inside material based on thickness and density. Hence defects based
on density variation are detected.

30. What is the wavelength of X-rays?

a) 10 picometers
b) 0.01 to 10 nanometers
c) 10 to 400 nanometers
d) 400 to 700 nanometers
Answer: b
Explanation: X-rays are electromagnetic waves. These have a wavelength in range 0.01 to 10
nanometers. ϒ-rays have a wavelength less than 10 picometers.

31. Energy of the discrete particles can be given by_______

a) Photons
b) Protoplasm
c) Electrons
d) Neutrons
Answer: a
Explanation: Photons act as a constituent particle in case of electromagnetic wave. These possess certain
properties like energy and momentum which is able to deliver it to the wave and helps in certain
classifications.

32. Which among the following is having more wavelengths?

a) X-rays
b) Cosmic waves
c) Radio waves
d) Gamma rays
Answer: c
Explanation: Radio waves possess the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum, which makes
it suitable in the usage of classified radars for operating in a particular region.

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33. Which among the following wave is not employed in case of remote sensing?
a) X-ray
b) Visible ray
c) Thermal IR
d) Radio waves
Answer: a
Explanation: Gamma rays, X-rays and UV rays will be absorbed by the atmosphere so that the sensor
which is mounted on the satellite can’t use the facilities which can be provided by these rays and also
these possess very less wavelength.
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34. Optical mechanical scanner is used in which type of electromagnetic waves?

a) X-rays
b) Cosmic waves
c) Radio waves
d) Thermal IR
Answer: d
Explanation: Infrared region has been classified into thermal IR and reflected IR. Thermal IR is equipped
with the optical mechanical scanner and a special system which is free from a film produces images by
using wavelengths of range 3-5 micrometer.

35. Radio waves are having the longest wavelength among all the electromagnetic waves.
a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: In an electromagnetic spectrum, certain classifications were made to determine the wave
properties. Among them, radio and television waves stand at last having a long wavelength parameter.
This makes it suitable for usage of radars.
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36. Gamma rays are having a wavelength of _________

a) Zero
b) Greater than 0.03nm
c) Less than 0.03nm
d) Equal to 0.03nm
Answer: c
Explanation: In an electromagnetic spectrum Gamma rays are having second least wavelength. It can be
clearly observed that these rays are absorbed by the atmosphere which makes it possess least
wavelength, which is less than 0.03nm.

37. Which of the following waves can be used in case of remote sensing?
a) UV rays
b) X-rays
c) Gamma rays
d) Visible rays

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Answer: d
Explanation: Electromagnetic spectrum consists of a wide range of classifications among those some of
them are absorbed by the atmosphere and most of them are used in remote sensing those include
visible rays, IR rays, Radar waves, Radio waves etc.

38. Which of the following indicates the correct set of combination in radio waves?
a) Shorter wavelength – high frequency
b) Longer wavelength – less frequency
c) Shorter wavelength – less frequency
d) Longer wavelength – high frequency
Answer: a
Explanation: From the relation it can be clearly seen that wavelength and frequency are inversely
proportional to each other which makes it form a relation that is shorter wavelength must possess high
frequency which makes it suitable in case of cosmic rays and radio waves.

39. How much wave length is reflected back by the earth surface from the absorbed sun radiation?
a) 0.5meter
b) 0.5 micrometer
c) 0.5 centimeter
d) 0.5 decimeter
Answer: b
Explanation: In general, the radiation received from sun is distributed to all over the world in a manner
that the entire radiation is useful. But some of this is reflected back, which is 0.5 micrometer, a minute
one.

40. EM waves varies from ______ to ________

a) Meters to nano-meters
b) Meters to micro-meters
c) Nano to micro-meters
d) Centimeters to nano-meters
Answer: a
Explanation: The EM wave is continuum of energy, which under goes certain propagations. During this
course, it may undergo some undulations which result in decrease of the wave length capacity.
Generally, these vary from meters to nano-meters.

41. The formula of energy produced from the body can be given as _________
a) Q = h- c / λ
b) Q = h*c * λ
c) Q = h+ c / λ
d) Q = h*c / λ
Answer: d
Explanation: The energy propagated from the body can be determined by
Q = h*c / λ. From this, the wave length can be determined by having an energy value. This help in the
determination of the wavelength by using plank’s constant.

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42. Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.
a) UV Rays
b) Gamma Rays
c) Microwaves
d) Radio Waves
Answer: b
Explanation: Gamma Rays come first in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the decreasing order of
frequency.

43. In the Visible spectrum the ______ colour has the maximum wavelength.
a) Violet
b) Blue
c) Red
d) Yellow
Answer: c
Explanation: Red is towards the right in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the increasing order of
wavelength.

44. Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light)

a) c = wavelength / frequency
b) frequency = wavelength / c
c) wavelength = c * frequency
d) c = wavelength * frequency
Answer: d
Explanation: It is usually written as wavelength = c / frequency.
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45. Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a

a) sine wave
b) cosine wave
c) tangential wave
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves are visualised as sinusoidal wave.

46. How is radiance measured?

a) lumens
b) watts
c) armstrong
d) hertz
Answer: b
Explanation: Radiance is the total amount of energy that flows from the light source and is measured in
Watts.

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47. Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans?
a) Hard X-Rays
b) Soft X-Rays
c) Radio waves
d) Infrared Rays
Answer: b
Explanation: Soft X-Rays (low energy) are used for dental and chest scans.

48. Which of the following is impractical to measure?

a) Frequency
b) Radiance
c) Luminance
d) Brightness
Answer: d
Explanation: Brightness is subjective descriptor of light perception that is impossible to measure.

49. Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called

a) Photon
b) Shell
c) Electron
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation: Each bundle of massless energy is called a Photon.

50. What do you mean by achromatic light?

a) Chromatic light
b) Monochromatic light
c) Infrared light
d) Invisible light
Answer: b
Explanation: Achromatic light is also called monochromatic light.(Light void of color)

51. Which of the following embodies the achromatic notion of intensity?

a) Luminance
b) Brightness
c) Frequency
d) Radiance
Answer: b
Explanation: Brightness embodies the achromatic notion of intensity and is a key factor in describing
color sensation.

52. X-rays are ______________ of wavelength ~ 1 A˚(10-10m).

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a) Rays from visible region
b) Rays from proton
c) Electromagnetic radiation
d) Electric radiation
Answer: c
Explanation: X-rats are electromagnetic radiation. They occur in that part of the electromagnetic
spectrum between ϒ-rays and the ultraviolet. X-rays are produced when high energy charged particles
e.g. electrons accelerated through high voltage.

53. When electrons loses their energy and convert it into electromagnetic radiation.
a) Black radiation
b) White radiation
c) ϒ-radiation
d) Blue radiation
Answer: b
Explanation: The electrons are slowed down or stopped by the collision and some of their lost energy is
converted into electromagnetic radiation, such processes give ‘white radiation’.

54. Which of the following statements for X-rays?

a) X-rays have wavelength ranging upwards from lower limiting value
b) X-rays have wavelength ranging downwards from upper limiting value
c) X-rays occur when the kinetic energy is converted into the gamma radiation
d) X-rays are produce when low energy charged particles are accelerated
Answer: a
Explanation: X-rays have wavelengths ranging upwards from limiting value. This lower wavelength limit
corresponds to the X-rays of highest energy and occurs when all the kinetic energy of the incident
particles s converted into X-rays.
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55. X-rays which in diffraction experiments leads to which of the following radiations?
a) Gamma radiation
b) Monochromatic gamma radiation
c) Monochromatic X-rays
d) X-rays
Answer: c
Explanation: The X-rays which are used in almost all diffraction experiments are produced by a different
process that leads to monochromatic X-rays. An electron in an outer orbital drops down to occupy he
vacant 1s level and the energy in the transition appears as X-radiation.

56. For copper, the transition 2p→1s transition is known as______

a) Kα
b) Kβ
c) Kϒ
d) Kc

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Answer: a
Explanation: For copper, the transition 2p→1s, is called Kα, has a wavelength of 1.5418 A˚and 3p→1s
transition, Kβ, 1.3922 A.̊ The Kα transition occurs much more frequently than the Kβ and it is these more
intense Kα radiations which results that is used in diffraction experiments.

57. Which of the following statements is true for Kα transition?

a) It is singlet
b) It is doublet
c) It is triplet
d) It is four let
Answer: b
Explanation: Kα is a transition from 2p→1s, and it is a doublet because the transition has slightly
different energy for the two possible spin states of the 2p electron while makes the transition, relative to
the spin of the vacant 1s orbital.

58. What are the two features of X-ray emission spectrum of an element such as copper?
a) Monochromatic peaks and wavelength
b) X-ray radiation and frequency
c) Electric field and wavelength
d) Magnetic field and monochromatic peaks
Answer: a
Explanation: The X-ray emission spectrum of an element such as copper has two features. The intense,
monochromatic peaks, caused by electronic transitions within the atoms, have wavelengths that are
characteristic of the element i.e. copper. These monochromatic peaks are superposed on a background
of ‘white radiation’.

59. In order to generate the monochromatic radiation, what is voltage required to accelerate the
electrons?
a) >10V
b) <10V
c) >10kV
d) <10kV
Answer: c
Explanation: To generate the characteristic monochromatic radiation, the voltage used to accelerate the
electrons need to be sufficiently high i.e. > or = 10kV so that ionization of the copper 1s electrons may
occur.

60. In the X-ray tube which of the following element is used as window materials?
a) Boron
b) Carbon
c) Hydrogen
d) Beryllium
Answer: d

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Explanation: In X-ray tube, the X-rays leave the tube through ‘windows’ made of beryllium. The
absorption of X-rays on passing through materials depends on the atomic weight of the elements
present in the material. Thus beryllium with an atomic number of 4 is therefore one of the most suitable
window materials.

61. Which of the following statements is true for the Kα and Kβ radiation?
a) Iron transmit Kα and Kβ radiation
b) Zinc absorb Kα and Kβ radiation
c) Iron absorbs Kα and Kβ radiation
d) Zinc accelerate Kα and Kβ radiation
Answer: c
Explanation: A lighter element, such as iron, would absorb Kα and Kβ radiation because its absorption
edge is displaced to higher wavelengths. On the other hand, a heavier element, such as zinc, would
transmit both Kα and Kβ radiation while still absorbing much of the higher energy white radiation.

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