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English
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
World of Reality and
Fantasy

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 Lesson
Analyzing Figures of Speech
1 (Hyperbole and Irony)

I love you a
MILLION TIMES!

What’s In

Yes or No.
There are lots of things that we are capable of doing. In the next activity,
answer the questions honestly. Can you do the following?

1. Climb a mango tree

2. Carry a pail of water

3. Eat a whole cow

4. Kiss a snake
5. Ride a bike

Note to the Teacher

The song “Ironic” by Alanis Morisette may be used to enrich
learner’s knowledge about irony.
Poem creation using hyperbole and irony may also be done
as additional activity.

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 What’s New

Read the Comic Strips about Mona and Elsa

Hello Elsa! Oh yes! I am

My pet dog Aki died happy to hear that
yesterday and I Mona. Now you can
cried a river. look for a new pet.

We’ll go to the
party so you’ll
My heart is forget about Aki.
bleeding with You are one lucky
sadness. fellow for you now
have an angel.

Can Mona cry a river? Is it okay for Elsa to be happy when Mona’s pet dog
died? Does a heart bleed because of sadness?

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 What is It
Figurative language or figures of speech are ways of expressing ideas by
using symbols, figures, or likenesses. It is the opposite of literal language because it
does not tell directly what a person has in mind. To name some examples are simile
(a comparison of two unlike objects using like or as), metaphor (a direct comparison
of two unlike object without using like or as), and personification (a figure of speech
that gives human qualities to places, objects, animals, or ideas).

In addition to the given examples of figurative language that we use, we also

have hyperbole and irony.

Hyperbole is a figure speech that expresses overstatement and exaggeration

of a particular condition. Statements expressing hyperbole are also called
hyperbolic statements. In the conversation on page 4, Mona’s statements “I cried
a river and my heart is bleeding with sadness” are examples of hyperbole.

Examples of hyperbole:

1. My world turned upside down.

2. Your voice is deafening.
3. The heat of my body can produce fire.

Irony, on the other hand, is a figure of speech that expresses the contrary or
opposite of what should one really think especially in order to be funny. It is also
called an ironic statement. The words used in ironic statements express praise or
approval, however, the real purpose is to criticize, mock, or ridicule. Notice in the
conversation on page 4 that Mona was happy for discovering the death of Elsa’s pet
dog rather than being sad for her.

Examples of irony:

1. The teacher fails the test.

2. The shoemaker’s children have no shoes.
3. The doctor died of pneumonia.

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 What’s More

Analyze the following statements. Write A if it is a hyperbole which expresses

exaggeration; something that is unbelievable to happen. Write B if it is an irony
which expresses the contrary or opposite of what is said.

1. The police station gets robbed by the policemen on duty.

2. My dad will kill me when he comes home and sees the house in
chaos.

3. I turned the house upside down before finding my new shoes.

4. A newly- hired pilot was afraid of heights.

5. He runs faster than the wind.

What I Have Learned

Figurative language is a way of speaking or writing in which the speaker or

writer describes things in a new or different way. It is also called figures of speech.
Some examples introduced earlier are simile, metaphor, and personification.

Hyperbole or hyperbolic statements are exaggerated statements that are

almost impossible to believe since they may never happen or exist. Irony or ironic
statements, on the other hand, express ideas or situations that are opposite or in
contrast of what is expected to happen or what is said in mind.

Analyzing figures of speech requires understanding of their meaning and use

in sentences. Each figure of speech has its distinct and unique characteristic. Clue
words found in sentences usually give a clear picture or idea on what figure of
speech was used.

Unconsciously, we also use figures of speech in expressing our everyday

ideas, may it be written or expressed orally.

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 What I Can Do

Read and analyze if the statements express exaggeration or ironic ideas.

Write the sentences in the correct column of the table provided.
Note: Clue words were underlined to help you.

1. I can see the germs with my naked eyes.

2. My dad has iron hands that could lift a ten-storey building.

3. Our teacher gave Elna a 100% grade for failing the test.

4. I have read the book a hundred times.

5. The dentist suffers a disturbing toothache.

6. Old folks attended the baby party.

7. The man did not sleep for one year while waiting for his wife to come
home.

8. We counted a million times before he blew his candles.

9. Liza’s wedding day was showered with a heavy rain.

10. The chicken ate a whole cow.

Hyperbole Irony

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 Assessment

Mastering the Skills.

Analyze if the statement is hyperbole or irony. The underlined words will help
you decide on your correct answer. Draw a circle if you think it is a hyperbole and a
box if it is an irony.

1. An engineer can build a mansion for one day.

2. Babies can run at 6 months.

3. The fire station got burned down.

4. The children clapped their hands to the late teacher.

5. The sun greeted the whole city with a big smile.

Additional Activities

Read and understand the short selection. Look and underline the hyperbolic
sentences and circle the ironic sentences.

Tina broke her heart when she received the sad news late in the evening. Her
grandmother passed away. “How come she died so soon when she is still 95 years
old,” she wondered. Tina was crying a river. If only she could keep her pain and
sadness inside a jar and let it sink underwater. Life is really fair for taking her
beloved grandmother away. How she wished her grandma was given a thousand
years to live.

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