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Lab_report_1 density copy

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arissxoplx
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REPORT ON LABORATORY WORK

Laboratory work No.: 1


Measurement of volume and density of the objects
Name: Ester Papoušková
Class: III.B6
Date: 25.9. 2024
Co-workers: Tereza Opletalová
Theory:

The volume V is a scalar physical quantity usually measured in litres or in m 3. Stating the volume of
an object is a basic knowledge important not only for physics. For the measuring we can use a direct
method – in this laboratory work we will use graduated cylinder for stating the volume of an object,
or we can use an indirect method – in this laboratory work we will use calliper for measuring the
dimensions of an object and ten calculating the volume using the following equation:
V =a ∙b ∙ c . (1)
Stating the volume helps us with finding the density of an object. With known density we can find
out the material of an object. The density ρ is calculated as
m
ρ= .
V (2)

Task 1:

Find the volume of the object by measuring the dimensions with calliper
Tools and equipment: Digital calliper,

Procedure:
1. Using digital calliper, measure 10times all dimensions of an object (on different places).
2. Write the results of measurement to the table.
3. Calculate the arithmetic means x of measured sizes, set their deviations from arithmetic means,
mean deviation (possible error) ∆ x and finally relative error (percentage possible error).
4. Calculate the volume and find the relative error of the volume and find the possible error of the
volume.
5. Write the result of the measurement in the correct form.
6. Write the conclusion.

1
The measuring process and calculations

a a b b c c
mm mm mm mm mm mm

1 11,94 0 41,92 0 19,88 0


2 11,95 +0,01 41,90 -0,02 19,94 +0,06
3 11,92 -0,02 41,89 -0,03 20,02 +0,14
4 11,95 +0,01 41,94 +0,02 19,96 +0,08
5 11,93 -0,01 41,95 +0,03 19,94 +0,06
6 11,73 -0,21 42,10 +0,18 19,96 +0,08
7 11,75 -0,19 41,94 +0,02 19,93 +0,05
8 11,80 -0,14 42,00 +0,08 19,97 +0,09
9 11,78 -0,16 42,02 +0,10 19,91 +0,03
10 11,76 -0,18 41,92 0 19,98 +0,10

11.94+11 , 95+11, 92+11, 95+11, 03+11, 73+11, 75+11, 80+11 ,78+11 ,76
a=
10

a=11, 90 mm

0 , 01−0 , 02+0 , 01−0 , 01−0 ,21−0 , 19−0 , 14−0 , 16−0 ,18


a=
10

a=0 , 09 mm

0 ,09
δa= ⋅100 %
11, 90

δa=0 ,8 %

a=( 11, 9 ± 0 ,09 ) mm , δa=0 , 8 %

41 , 92+ 41 , 90+ 41, 89+ 41 ,94 +41 , 95+ 42 ,10+ 41 , 94+ 42 ,00+ 42 , 02+ 41 , 92
b=
10

b=42 mm

−0 , 02−0 , 03+0 , 02+0 , 03+ 0 ,18+ 0 ,02+ 0 ,08+ 0 ,10


b=
10

b=0 , 01 mm

2
0 , 01
δb= ⋅100 %
42

δb=0 ,02 %

b=( 42 ± 0 , 01 ) mm , δb=0 , 02%


19 , 88+19 , 94+20 ,02+19 , 96+19 ,94 +19 , 96+19 , 93+19 , 97+19 , 91+19 , 98
c=
10

c=20 mm

0 , 06+ 0 ,14 +0 , 08+0 , 06+0 ,08+ 0 ,05 +0 , 09+0 , 03+0 , 10


c=
10

c=0 ,07 mm

0 ,07
δc= ⋅100 %
20

δc=0 , 4 %

c= (20 ± 0 , 07 ) mm , δc=0 , 4 %
3
v=11, 9 ⋅42 ⋅20 m m❑

v=9 996 mm3 = 9,996cm3 = 10cm3

v=0 , 09 ⋅0 , 01⋅ 0 ,07 mm3

v=¿0,000063 mm3

δV =0 ,8+ 0 ,02+ 0 , 4 %

δV =1 , 22 %

V = ( 9996 ± 0,000063 ) mm3 ,δV =1 , 22 %

Conclusion:

With my classmates help we used the digital calliper to measure each side of our object. We measured all dimensions 10
times. The average of each side was a=11, 90 mm, b=42 mm and c=20 mm . Then we calculated the possible and
the relative errors which are δa=0 ,8 % , δb=0 ,02 % , δc=0 , 4 % . In the end we concluded that our objects mean
volume is 9 996 mm3 and it’s relative error is 1,22 %.

Task 2:

Find the volume of the object using the graduated cylinder


Tools and equipment: Here you should write all equipment that was used for this task. You can
write it one by one or in the bullet points. After doing so, delete this red text.

3
Procedure:
1. Put some amount of water into the graduated cylinder and mark the volume V 0 .
2. Put the prism into the graduated cylinder and notice the change of volume ∆ V .
3. Mark the new volume V 1.
4. State the volume of the prism V =∆ V =V 1 −V 0 and the deviation from the arithmetic mean as the
half of the smallest value on the scale.
5. Write the result of the measurement in the correct form.
6. Compare the results with the results from the previous task and state which method is more
precise in the conclusion.

The measuring process and calculations

V 0=90 ml
V 1=100 ml
∆ V =10 ml

V =∆ V =V 1 −V 0
V =10=100−90
3
V =10 ml=10 cm

1
δV = × 100 %=10 %
10
3
V = (10 ± 1 ) cm , δV =10 %

Conclusion:

- In conclusion write the methods of measuring that were used and the result. You can
comment on the way of measuring.
- Don’t write things such as ,,I enjoyed the labs etc.” even if you did, it is not relevant in the
conclusion.
- Compare the results of this measuring with the results from the Task 1. State which method is
more precise and why.
Task 3:

Find the density of the object


Tools and equipment: Here you should write all equipment that was used for this task. You can
write it one by one or in the bullet points. After doing so, delete this red text.

4
Procedure:
1. Using scales, measure the mass of the prism.
2. Write the results of measurement in the form m=(± 0 ,5) g.
3. Calculate the relative error (percentage possible error).
4. Calculate the density, find the relative error of the density and the possible error of the density.
5. Write the result of the measurement in the correct form.
6. Find on the internet whether your measurement complies with the density of the materials.
7. Write the conclusion.

The measuring process and calculations

m=( 78 , 3 ± 0 ,5 ) g
0 ,5
δm= × 100 %=0 , 6 %
78 , 3
m 78 , 3 −3 m 84.60 −3
ρ 1= = =7 , 8 gcm ρ 2= = =7.69 gcm
V 1 9,996 V2 11

δ ρ1=δ V 1 +δm=1 ,22 % +0 , 6 %=1 , 82% δ ρ2=δ V 2 +δm=10 %+ 0 , 6 %=10 ,6 %

- Calculate the density of the object and find the material it is made from.
- Calculate the density from both values of volume that you calculated.
- Calculate the rest of the deviations and write the result in the correct form as it is shown in
the 1st laboratory work instruction text.

Conclusion:

- Write the results and comment on them.


- Compare the calculated value with the one on the internet or in the book of data (MFCh
tabulky).
- State which method of measuring the volume was more precise for calculating the density of
an object and stating its density. Compare both results.
- After your work delete this text.

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