FRICTION

Contents
Particular's Page No.

Theory 001 – 012

Exercise - 1 013 – 017

Part - I : Subjective Question
Part - II : Only one option correct type
Part - III : Match the column
Exercise - 2 018 – 025
Part - I : Only one option correct type
Part - II : Single and double value integer type
Part - III : One or More than one option correct type
Part - IV : Comprehension

Exercise - 3 025 – 027

Part - I : JEE(Advanced) / IIT-JEE Problems (Previous Years)
Part - II : JEE(Main) / AIEEE Problems (Previous Years)

Answer Key 028

High Level Problems (HLP) 029 – 031

Subjective Question

Answer Key 031

JEE (ADVANCED) SYLLABUS 2017

Friction : Static and dynamic friction.

JEE (MAIN) SYLLABUS 2017

Friction : Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.

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 Friction

FRICTION
———————————————————————————————————
1. FRICTION
When two bodies are kept in contact, electromagnetic forces act between the charged particles
(molecules) at the surfaces of the bodies. Thus, each body exerts a contact force on the other. The
magnitudes of the contact forces acting on the two bodies are equal but their directions are opposite
and therefore the contact forces obey Newton’s third law.

The direction of the contact force acting on a particular body is not necessarily perpendicular to the
contact surface. We can resolve this contact force into two components, one perpendicular to the
contact surface and the other parallel to it (figure. The perpendicular component is called the normal
contact force or normal force (generally written as N) and the parallel component is called friction
(generally written as f).
2 2
Therefore if R is contact force then R = f  N

2. REASONS FOR FRICTION

(i) nter-locking of extended parts of one object into the extended parts of the other object.
(ii) Bonding between the molecules of the two surfaces or objects in contact.

3. FRICTION FORCE IS OF TWO TYPES.

a. Kinetic b. Static
(a) Kinetic Friction Force
Kinetic friction exists between two contact surfaces only when there is relative motion between the
two contact surfaces. It stops acting when relative motion between two surfaces ceases.
DIRECTION OF KINECTIC FRICTION ON AN OBJECT 
  t is opposite to the relative velocity of the object with respect to the other object in contact
considered.
Note that its direction is not opposite to the force applied it is opposite to the relative motion
of the body considered which is in contact with the other surface.

MAGNITUDE OF KINETIC FRICTION

The magnitude of the kinetic friction is proportional to the normal force acting between the two
bodies. We can write
fk = k N
where N is the normal force. The proportionality constant k is called the coefficient of kinetic
friction and its value depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.

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Friction

Example 1. Find the direction of kinetic friction force

(a) on the block, exerted by the ground. (b) on the ground, exerted by the block.

Solution : (a)

(b)

where f 1 and f 2 are the friction forces on the block and ground respectively.

Example 2. In above example correct relation between magnitude of f 1 and f2 is

(A) f 1 > f 2 (B) f 2 > f 1
(C) f 1 = f 2 (D) not possible to decide due to insufficient data.
Solution : By Newton‘s third law the above friction forces are action-reaction pair and equal but opposite
to each other in direction. Hence (C).
Also note that the direction of kinetic friction has nothing to do with applied force F.
Example 3. All surfaces as shown in the figure are rough. Draw the friction force on A & B
A 10m/s

B 20m/s
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :

Kinetic friction acts in such a way so as to reduce relative motion.

Example 4. Find out the distance travelled by the blocks shown in the figure before it stops.
10 m/s
10 kg
/////////////////////////////////////////
µk=0.5
Solution : N – 10 g = 0
N = 100 N N
f x = µkN
µ = µs = µk when not mentioned
f x = 0.5 × 100 = 50 N fk
Fx = ma
50 = 10 a  a = 5 10g
 v2 = u2 + 2as
02 = 102 + 2 (– 5) (S)  S = 10 m
Example 5. Find out the distance travelled by the block on incline before it stops. Initial velocity of the block
is 10 m/s and coefficient of friction between the block and incline is  = 0.5.
s
m/
10


37° fixed
µ

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 Friction
Solution : N = mg cos37°
 mg sin 37° + µN = ma
a = 10 m/s2 down the incline
Now v 2 = u2 + 2as
0 = 102 + 2(–10) S
S=5m

Example 6. Find the time taken in the above example by the block to reach the initial position.
Solution : a = g sin 37° – µg cos 37°
 a = 2 m/s2 down the incline
1 2 1 m
2 5
 S = ut + at S = × 2 × t
2 2
 t = sec.
Example 7. A block is given a velocity of 10 m/s and a force of
100 N in addition to friction force is also acting on the
block. Find the retardation of the block?

Solution : As there is relative motion 

    kinetic friction will act to reduce this relative motion.
fk = µN = 0.1 × 10 × 10 = 10 N
100 + 10 = 10a
a = 5 = 11 m/s2
———————————————————————————————————
(b) STATIC FRICTION
  t exists between the two surfaces when there is tendency of relative motion but no relative motion
along the two contact surface.
For example consider a bed inside a room ; when we gently push the bed with a finger, the bed
does not move. This means that the bed has a tendency to move in the direction of applied force
but does not move as there exists static friction force acting in the opposite direction of the applied
force.

Example 8. What is value of static friction force on the block?

Solution : In horizontal direction as acceleration is zero.

Therefore  F = 0. 
    = 0

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Friction
———————————————————————————————————
Direction of static friction force :
The static friction force on an object is opposite to its impending motion relative to the surface.
Following steps should be followed in determining the direction of static friction force on an object.
(i) Draw the free body diagram with respect to the other object on which it is kept.
(ii) Include pseudo force also if contact surface is accelerating.
(iii) Decide the resultant force and the component parallel to the surface of this resultant force.
(iv) The direction of static friction is opposite to the above component of resultant force.
Note : Here once again the static friction is involved when there is no relative motion between
two surfaces.

Example 9. In the following figure an object of mass M is kept on a rough

table as seen from above. Forces are applied on it as shown. Find
the direction of static friction if the object does not move.

Solution : In the above problem we first draw the free body diagram of find the resultant force.

As the object doe not move this is not a case of kinetic friction. The direction of static friction is
opposite to the direction of the resultant force FR as shown in figure by fs. Its magnitude is equal
to 25 N.
———————————————————————————————————
4. MAGNITUDE OF KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION
Kinetic friction :
The magnitude of the kinetic friction is proportional to the normal force acting between the two bodies.
We can write
fk = k N
where N is the normal force. The proportionality constant k is called the coefficient of kinetic
friction and its value depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact. If the surfaces are
smooth k will be small, if the surfaces are rough k will be large. It also depends on the materials of the
two bodies in contact.
Static friction :
The magnitude of static friction is equal and opposite to the external force exerted, till the object at
which force is exerted is at rest. This means it is a variable and self adjusting force. However it
has a maximum value called limiting friction.
f max = sN
The actual force of static friction may be smaller than sN and its value depends on other forces acting
on the body. The magnitude of frictional force is equal to that required to keep the body at relative rest.
0  fs  f smax
Here s and k are proportionality constants. s is called coefficient of static friction and k is called
coefficient of kinetic friction. They are dimensionless quantities independent of shape and area of
contact. It is a property of the two contact surfaces. s > k for a given pair of surfaces. If not mentioned
then s = k can be taken. Value of  can be from 0 to .

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Friction

Following table gives a rough estimate of the values of coefficient of static friction between certain pairs
of materials. The actual value depends on the degree of smoothness and other environmental factors.
For example, wood may be prepared at various degrees of smoothness and the friction coefficient will
vary.
Material s Material s
Steel and steel 0.58 Copper and copper 1.60
Steel and brass 0.35 Teflon and teflon 0.04
Glass and glass 1.00 Rubber tyre on dry
1.0
Wood and wood 0.35 concrete road
Rubber tyre on wet
Wood and metal 0.40 0.7
concrete road

Example 10. Find acceleration of block. Initially the block is at rest.

50 N

10 Kg

µ=0.5
Solution : zero

Example 11. Find out acceleration of the block. Initially the block is at rest.

Solution : N + 24 – 100 = 0 for vertical direction

 N = 76 N
Now 0  fs  µs N  0  fs  76 × 0.5
0  fs  38 N 32 < 38 Hence f = 32
 acceleration of block is zero.

Example 12. Find out acceleration of the block for different ranges of F.
F
m

µ
Solution : 0  f  µSN  0  f  µSmg
a = 0 if F  µSmg
F  µMg
a= if F > µMg
M

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 Friction
Example 13. Find out acceleration of the block. Initially the block is at rest.
51N
10 kg

µS = 0.5
µk = 0.3
Solution : 0  fs  µSN
0  fs  50
Now 51 > 50  51
10
    Block will move but if the block starts moving then 30
kinetic friction is involved.
KF = µk N = 0.3 × 100 = 30 N
 51 – 30 = 10 a
 a = 2.1 m/s2
Example 14. Find out the minimum force that must be applied on the block vertically downwards so that the
block doesn’t move.
100N
10kg

µ=0.5
Solution : 100 – f s = 0
 fs = 100 .....(1) N F
F + 10 g = N  N = 100 + F .....(2)
Now 0  f S  N 10 kg
100N
100  0.5 N f
100  0.5 [100 + F] 10 g
200  100 + F ; F  100 N
 Minimum F = 100 N
Example 15. The angle of inclination is slowly increased. Find out the angle at which the block starts moving.

Solution : 0  f  µS N
mg sin > fsmax N f
mg sin  > µN 
 c os
mg sin > µ mg cos 
sin mg
 tan  > µ g
m 
 = tan–1 µ
for tan  µ no sliding on inclined plane.
This method is used for finding out the value of µ
practically.
Example 16. Find out the acceleration of the block. If the block is initially at rest.

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Friction
Solution : (FBD of the block excluding friction)
N
75
kg
10
7°
° os3
37 c
sin Mg
Mg
N = 10 g cos 37° = 80 N
Now 0  f s  µN ; 0  fs  0.5 × 80  fs  40 N
N
75

60 80
We will put value of f in the last i.e. in the direction opposite to resultant of other forces. f acts
down the incline and its value is of = 75 – 60 = 15 N
So acceleration is zero
Example 17. In the above problem how much force should be added to 75 N force so that block starts to
move up the incline.
Solution :  60 + 40 = 75 + f extra  fs = 25 N
Example 18. In the above problem what is the minimum force by which 75 N force should be replaced with
so that the block does not move.
Solution : In this case the block has a tendency to move downwards.
Hence friction acts upwards.
F
40

60
 F + 40 = 60  F = 20 N
Example 19. Top view of a block on a table is shown (g = 10 m/s2).

Find out the acceleration of the block.

Solution :
40N

40 g FR = 40 2  56N
Now f s  µN  f s  50 ; FR > f smax
40 2  50
Hence the block will move. a =
10
= 4 2  5 m/s2  
Example 20. Find minimum µ so that the blocks remain stationary.

50kg

100kg
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Friction
Solution : T = 100 g = 1000N
 f = 1000 to keep the block stationary
Now f max = 1000N 1000N
µN = 1000 f
µ=2
Can µ be greater than 1 ?
Yes 0 < µ 
Example 21. Find out minimum acceleration of block A so that the 10 kg block doesn’t fall.

Solution : Applying NL in horizontal direction

N = 10 a ......(1) µN
Applying NL in vertical direction
a
10 g = µ N ......(2) N 10
10 g = µ 10 a from (1) & (2)
g 10 g
 a = = 20 m/s2
µ
Example 22. Find the tension in the string in situation as shown in the figure below. Forces 120 N and 100 N
start acting when the system is at rest and the maximum value of static friction on 10 kg is 90 N
and that on 20 kg is 60N?

Solution : (i) Let us assume that system moves towards left then as it is clear from FBD, net force in
horizontal direction is towards right. Therefore the assumption is not valid.

Above assumption is not possible as net force on system comes towards right. Hence
system is not moving towards left.
(ii) Similarly let us assume that system moves towards right.

Above assumption is also not possible as net force on the system is towards left in this
situation.
Hence assumption is again not valid.
Therefore it can be concluded that the system is stationary.

Assuming that the 10 kg block reaches limiting friction first then using FBD’s.

120 = T + 90  T = 30 N
Also T + f = 100
 30 + f = 100
f = 70 N which is not possible as the limiting value is 60 N for this surface of block.
    Our assumption is wrong and now taking the 20 kg surface to be limiting we have

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Friction

T + 60 = 100 N  T = 40 N
Also f + T = 120 N  f = 80 N
This is acceptable as static friction at this surface should be less than 90 N.
Hence the tension in the string is T = 40 N.

Example 23. In the following figure force F is gradually increased from zero. Draw the graph between applied
force F and tension T in the string. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the
ground is s. {Initially string is horizontal & has zero tension.}

Solution : As the external force F is gradually increased from zero

it is compensated by the friction and the string bears no
tension. When limiting friction is achieved by increasing
force F to a value till smg, the further increase in F is
transferred to the string.

Example 24. Force F is gradually increased from zero. Determine whether the block will first slide or lift up?

Solution : There are minimum magnitude of forces required both

in horizontal and vertical direction either to slide on lift
up the block. The block will first slide on lift up will
depend upon which minimum magnitude of force is
lesser.
For vertical direction to start lifting up
F sin 37º + N – Mg 0.
N becomes zero just lifting condition.
10g 500
Flift    Flift  N
3/5 3
For horizontal direction to start sliding F cos 37  sN
F cos 37º > 0.5 [ 10g – F sin 37º] ( N = 10 g – F sin 37º)

50
HenceFslide >
cos37º 0.5 sin37º
500
Fslide > N
11
500
Flift > N.  Fslide < Flift
3
Therefore the block will begin to slide before lifting.
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Friction
———————————————————————————————————
TWO BLOCK PROBLEMS

Example 25. Find the acceleration of the two blocks. The system is initially at rest and the friction coefficient
are as shown in the figure?
µ=0.5 10 A F = 50 N
Smooth
10 B
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution : Method of solving
Step 1 : Make force diagram.
Step 2 : Show static friction force by f because value of friction is not known.
Step 3 : Calculate separately for two cases.
Case 1 : Move together
Step 4 : Calculate acceleration.
Step 5 : Check value of friction for above case.
Step 6 : If required friction is less than available it means they will move together else move separately.
Step 7: (a) above acceleration will be common acceleration for both
Case 2 : Move separately
Step 7(b) If they move separately then kinetic friction is involved. whose value is µN.
Step 8 : Calculate acceleration for above case.
f
A 50
B
f
f max = µN  f  50 N (available friction)
Move together Move separately
50 2
(i) a = = 2.5 m/s No need to calculate
10  10
(ii) Check friction for B : f = 10 × 2.5 = 25
25 N is required which is less than available friction hence they will move together.
and aA = aB = 2.5 m/s2
Example 26. Find the acceleration of the two blocks. The system is initially at rest and the friction coefficient
are as shown in the figure?
µ=0.5 10 A 101 N
smooth
10 B
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution : f max = 50 N  f  50 N
f
A 101
B
f
101 2
(i) If they move together a = = 5.05 m/s
20
(ii) Check friction on B
f
10
f = 10 × 5.05 = 50.5 (required)
50.5 > 50 (therefore required > available). Hence they will not move together.
(iii) Hence they move separately so kinetic friction is involved.
fk = µN=50
A 101
B
fk=50
101  50 2 50 2
 for aA = = 5.1 m/s aB = = 5 m/s
10 10
Also aA > aB as force is applied on A.
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Friction
Example 27. Find the acceleration of the two blocks. The system is initially at rest and the friction coefficient
are as shown in the figure?
µ=0.5 F = 60 N
10
Smooth
20
///////////////////////////////////////////
Solution : Move Together Move Separately
60
a= = 2 m/s2 No need to calculate.
30
Check friction on 20 kg.
f = 20 x 2
f = 40 (which is required)
40 < 50 (therefore required < available)
 will move together.
Example 28. In above example find maximum F for which two blocks will move together.
Solution : Observing the critical situation where friction becomes limiting.
fmax = 50
10 F
20
fmax = 50
 F – f max = 10 a ......(1)
f max = 20 a ......(2)
 F = 75 N
Example 29. Initially the system is at rest. find out minimum value of F for which sliding starts between the
two blocks.
µ=0.5
10
Smooth
20 F
////////////////////////////////////
Solution : At just sliding condition limiting friction is acting.
10
F – 50 = 20 a .......(1) f = 50
f = 10 a .......(2)
50 = 10 a f = 50
20 F
 a = 5 m/s2
hence F = 50 + 20 × 5 = 150 N
 Fmin = 150 N
Example 30. In the figure given below force F applied horizontally on lower block, is gradually increased from
zero. Discuss the direction and nature of friction force and the accelerations of the block for
different values of F (Take g = 10 m/s2).

Solution : In the above situation we see that the maximum possible value of friction between the blocks is
smAg = 0.3 × 10 × 10 = 30 N.
Case (i) : When F = O.
Considering that there is no slipping between the blocks the acceleration of system will be
120 2
a= = 4 m/s
20  10
But the maximum acceleration of B can be obtained by the following force diagram.

30
aB = = 1.5 m/s2 ( only friction force by block A is responsible for producing acceleration in block B)
20
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 Friction
Because 4 > 1.5 m/s2 we can conclude that the blocks do not move together.
Now drawing the F.B.D. of each block, for finding out individual accelerations.

120  30
aA = = 9 m/s2 towards right
10
30
aB = = 1.5 m/s2 towards right.
20
Case (ii) F is increased from zero till the two blocks just start
moving together.
As the two blocks move together the friction is static in nature
and its value is limiting. FBD in this case will be
120  30 F  30 F  30
aA = = 9 m/s2 aB = = aA  = 9
10 20 20
    F = 150 N
Hence when 0 < F < 150 N the blocks do not move together and the friction is kinetic. As F
increases acceleration of block B increases from 1.5 m/s2.
At F = 150 N limiting static friction start acting and the two blocks start moving together.
Case (iii) When F is increased above 150 N.
In this scenario the static friction adjusts itself so as to
keep the blocks moving together. The value of static
friction starts reducing but the direction still remains
same. This happens continuously till the value of
friction becomes zero. In this case the FBD is as
follows
120  f Ff
aA = aB = =
10 20
 when friction force f gets reduced to zero the above accelerations become
120 F
aA = = 12 m/s2  aB = = aA = 12 m/s2  F = 240 N
10 20
Hence when 150  F  240 N the static friction force continuously decreases from maximum to
zero at F = 240 N. The accelerations of the blocks increase from 9 m/s2 to 12 m/s2 during the
change of force F.
Case (iv) When F is increased again from 240 N the
direction of friction force on the block reverses but it is still
static. F can be increased till this reversed static friction
reaches its limiting value. FBD at this juncture will be
The blocks move together therefore.
120  30 2
aA = = 15 m/s
10
F  30 F  30
aB = = aA = 15 m/s2  = 15 m/s2
20 20
Hence F = 330 N.
Case (v) When F is increased beyond 330 N. In this case the limiting friction is achieved and
slipping takes place between the blocks (kinetic friction is involved).

aA = 15 m/s2 which is constant

F  30
aB = m/s2 where F > 330 N.
20

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Friction


 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Kinetic Friction
A-1. Suppose you are running fast in a field. When you suddenly find a snake in front of you, you stop
quickly. Which force is responsible for your deacceleration ?

A-2. In the given diagram find the direction of friction forces on each block and on the ground (Assume all
surfaces are rough and all velocities are with respect to ground).

A-3. The wheel shown in the figure is fixed at ‘O’ and is in contact with a rough surface as shown. The wheel
rotates with an angular velocity . What is the direction and nature of friction force on the wheel and on
the ground.

A-4. In the following figure, find the direction of friction on the blocks and ground .

A-5. In the following figure, find the direction and nature of friction on the block.

A-6. A block is shot with an initial velocity 5ms–1 on a rough horizontal plane. Find the distance covered by
the block till it comes to rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and plane is 0.1.

Section (B) : Static Friction

B-1. The person applies F force horizontally on the smaller block as shown in figure. The coefficient of static
friction is between the blocks and the surface. Find the force exerted by the vertical wall on mass M .
What is the value of action-reaction forces between m and M?

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Friction
B-2. In the given figure a monkey of mass m is climbing up a rope hanging from the roof with acceleration a.
The coefficient of static friction between the body of the monkey and the rope is . Find the direction
and value of friction force on the monkey.

B-3. In the figure shown calculate the angle of friction. The block is just about to slide. Take g = 10 m/s2.

B-4. What is the minimum value of force (in following two cases) required to pull a block of mass m on a
horizontal surface having coefficient of friction ? Also find the angle this force makes with the horizontal.
(a) If force is parallel to horizontal surface
(b) If force is in any direction (Also find the angle this force makes with the horizontal.)

Section (C) : Miscellaneous Questions

C-1. A body of mass 5 kg is kept on a rough horizontal surface. It is found that the body does not slide if a
horizontal force less than 30 N is applied to it. Also it is found that it takes 5 seconds to slide throughout
the first 10 m if a horizontal force of 30 N is applied and the body is gently pushed to start the motion.
Taking g= 10 m/s2, calculate the coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the block and the
surface.

C-2. In the given figures find the accelerations and the friction forces involved :

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Kinetic Friction
A-1. Starting from rest a body slides down a 45º inclined plane in twice the time it takes to slide down the
same distance in the absence of friction. The co-efficient of friction between the body and the inclined
plane is:
(A) 0.75 (B) 0.33 (C) 0.25 (D) 0.80

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A-2. A wooden block of mass m resting on a rough horizontal table (coefficient of friction = ) is pulled by a
force F as shown in figure. The acceleration of the block moving horizontally is :

F cos   F sin 
(A) (B)
m M
F
(C) (cos  +  sin ) g (D) none
m
A-3. Two blocks m1 = 4kg and m2 = 2kg, connected by a weightless rod on a plane having inclination of
37° as shown in figure. The coefficients of dynamic friction of m1 and m2 with the inclined plane are
= 0.25. Then the common acceleration of the two blocks and the tension in the rod are : [JEE 1979]

(A) 4 m/s2, T = 0 (B) 2 m/s2, T = 5 N (C) 10 m/s2 ,T = 10 N (D) 15 m/s2, T = 9N

Section (B) : Static Friction

B-1. If the normal force is doubled, the co-efficient of friction is :
(A) halved (B) doubled (C) tripled (D) not changed

B-2. A box 'A' is lying on the horizontal floor of the compartment of a train running along horizontal rails from
left to right. At time 't', it decelerates. Then the resultant contact force R by the floor on the box is given
best by :

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

B-3. A cart of mass M has a block of mass m attached to it as shown in the figure. Co-efficient of friction
between the block and cart is . What is the minimum acceleration of the cart so that the block m does
not fall?

(A)  g (B) /g (C) g/ (D) none

B-4. A block of mass 1 kg lies on a horizontal surface in a truck. The coefficient of static friction between the
block and the surface is 0.6 If the acceleration of the truck is 5 m/s2, the frictional force acting on the
block is : [JEE 1984]
(A) 5 N (B) 6 N (C) 10 N (D) 15 N

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Friction
0
B-5. A block of mass 2 kg rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The coefficient
of static friction between the block and the plane is 0.7. The frictional force on the block is : [IIT 1980]

(A) 9.8 N (B) 0.7 × 9.8 3 N (C) 9.8 × 7 N (D) 0.8 × 9.8 N
B-6. Two masses A and B of 10 kg and 5 kg respectively are connected with a string passing over a
frictionless pulley fixed at the corner of a table as shown. The coefficient of static friction of A with table
is 0.2. The minimum mass of C that may be placed on A to prevent it from moving is

(A) 15 kg (B) 10 kg (C) 5 kg (D) 12 kg

Section (C) : Miscellaneous Questions
C-1. A 60 kg body is pushed horizontally with just enough force to start it moving across a floor and the
same force continues to act afterwards. The coefficient of static friction and sliding friction are 0.5 and
0.4 respectively. The acceleration of the body is :
2 2 2 2
(A) 6 m/s (B) 4.9 m/s (C) 3.92 m/s (D) 1 m/s
C-2. A force F = t is applied to block A as shown in figure. The force is applied at t = 0 seconds when the
system was at rest and string is just straight without tension. Which of the following graphs gives the
friction force between B and horizontal surface as a function of time ‘t’.

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

C-3. A plank of mass m1 = 8 kg with a bar of mass m2 = 2 kg placed on its rough surface, lie on a smooth
floor of elevator ascending with an acceleration g/4. The coefficient of friction is µ = 1/5 between m1 and
m2. A horizontal force F = 30 N is applied to the plank. Then the acceleration of bar and the plank in the
reference frame of elevator are :

2 2 2 50 2 2 25 2 2 2
(A) 3.5 m/s , 5 m/s (B) 5 m/s , m/s (C) 2.5 m/s , m/s (D) 4.5 m/s , 4.5m/s
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C-4. A man of mass m is applying a horizontal force to slide a box of mass m’ on a rough horizontal surface.
It is known that the man does not slide. The coefficient of friction between the shoes of the man and the
floor is µ and between the box and the floor is µ’. In which of the following cases it is certainly not
possible to slide the box?
(A)  > ’, m < m’ (B)  < ’, m < m’ (C)  < ’, m > m’ (D)  > ’, m > m´

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

2
1. In the given figure find the accelerations of blocks A and B for the following cases ( g = 10 m/s )

Column- Column-
(A) 1 = 0 and 2 = 0.1 (p) aA = aB = 9.5 m/s2
(B) 2 = 0 and 1 = 0.1 (q) aA = 9 m/s2, aB = 10 m/s2
(C) 1 = 0.1 and 2 = 1.0 (r) aA = aB = g = 10 m/s2
(D) 1 = 1.0 and 2 = 0.1 (s) aA = 1, aB = 9 m/s2

2. Column II gives certain situations involving two blocks of mass 2 kg and 4 kg. The 4 kg block lies on a
smooth horizontal table. There is sufficient friction between both the blocks and there is no relative
motion between the blocks in all situation. Horizontal forces act on one or both blocks as shown.
Column I gives certain statement related to figures given in column II. Match the statements in column I
with the figure in column II.
Column- Column-

2kg
(A) Magnitude of frictional force is maximum. (p)
4kg 12N

2kg 12N
(B) Magnitude of friction force is least. (q)
4kg

2kg 6N
(C) Friction force on 2 kg block is towards right. (r)
4kg 6N

8N 2kg
(D) Friction force on 2 kg block is towards left. (s)
4kg 20N

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 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. A body is projected up along a rough inclined plane from the bottom with some velocity. It travels up the
incline and then returns back. If the time of ascent is ta and time of descent is td, then
(A) ta = td (B) ta > td (C) ta < td (D) data insufficient

2. The upper portion of an inclined plane of inclination  is smooth and the lower portion is rough. A
particle slides down from rest from the top and just comes to rest at the foot. If the ratio of the smooth
length to rough length is m : n, the coefficient of friction is :
m  n mn mn 1
(A)   tan (B)   cot  (C)   cot  (D)
 n   n   n  2

3. A fixed wedge with both surface inclined at 45° to the horizontal
as shown in the figure. A particle P of mass m is held on the
smooth plane by a light string which passes over a smooth
pulley A and attached to a particle Q of mass 3m which rests
on the rough plane. The system is released from rest. Given
g
that the acceleration of each particle is of magnitude then
5 2
the tension in the string is :
6mg mg mg
(A) mg (B) (C) (D)
5 2 2 4

4. Starting from rest, A flat car is given a constant acceleration a0 = 2 m/s2.
A cable is connected to a crate A of mass 50 kg as shown. Neglect the
friction between floor and car wheels and mass of pulley. The cofficient
of friction between crate & floor of the car is  = 0.3. The tension in
cable is –
(A) 700 N (B) 350 N (C) 175 N (D) 0

5. A uniform rope lies on a table with some portion hanging. The rope begins to slide when the length of
hanging part is 25 % of entire length. The co-efficient of friction between rope and table is:
(A) 0.33 (B) 0.25 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.2

6. In the arrangement shown mass of the block B and A are 2 m and, 8 m respectively. Surface between B
and floor is smooth. The block B is connected to block C by means of a pulley. If the whole system is
released then the minimum value of mass of the block C so that the block A remains stationary with
respect to B is : (Co-efficient of friction between A and B is and pulley is ideal)

m 2m 10 m 10m
(A) (B) (C) (D)
  1 1   1
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Friction
7. A block of mass m lying on a rough horizontal plane is acted upon by a horizontal force P and another
force Q inclined at an angle  to the vertical. The minimum value of coefficient of friction between the
block and the surface for which the block will remain in equilibrium is:

P  Q sin  P cos   Q P  Q cos  P sin   Q

(A) (B) (C) (D)
mg  Q cos  mg  Q sin  mg  Q sin  mg  Qcos 
2
8. A bead of mass m is located on a parabolic wire (equation x = ay) with its axis vertical and vertex
directed downward as in figure. If the coefficient of friction is µ, the highest distance above the x-axis at
which the particle will be in equilibrium is

1 2 1
(A) µa (B) µ2a (C) µa (D) µa
4 2
9. A plank is held at an angle  to the horizontal (Fig.) on two fixed supports A and B. The plank can slide
against the supports (without friction) because of its weight Mg. With what acceleration and in what
direction, a man of mass m should move so that the plank does not move.

 m  M
(A) g sin   1   down the incline (B) g sin   1   down the incline
 M  m
 m  M
(C) g sin   1   up the incline (D) g sin   1   up the incline
 M  m

ˆ (with
10._ A 1.5 kg box is initially at rest on a horizontal surface when at t = 0 a horizontal force F  (1.8t)iN
t in seconds) is applied to the box. The acceleration of the box as a function of time t is given by :
(g = 10m/s2)

a0 for 0  t  2.85

a  (1.2t  2.4)iˆ m/s
2
for t > 2.85
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface is :
(A) 0.12 (B) 0.24 (C) 0.36 (D) 0.48

11. In the arrangement shown tension in the string connecting 4kg and 6kg masses is

(A) 8N (B) 12N (C) 6N (D) 4N

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Friction
12. In the given figure the coefficient of friction between 4kg and 5 kg blocks
is 0.2 and between 5 kg block and ground is 0.1. Choose the correct
statements
(A) Minimum force needed to cause system to move is 17 N
(B) When force is 4N static friction at all surfaces is 4N to keep system at rest
(C) Maximum acceleration of 4kg block is 2m/s2
(D) Slipping between 4kg and 5 kg blocks starts when F is > 17N

13. Given mA = 30 kg, mB = 10 kg, mC = 20 kg. Between A and B friction

coefficient 1 = 0.3, between B and C friction coefficient 2 = 0.2 and
between C and ground 3 = 0.1. The least horizontal force F to start the
motion of any part of the system of three blocks resting upon one another
as shown in figure is (g = 10 m/s2)
(A) 60 N (B) 90 N (C) 80 N (D) 150 N

14. Two identical blocks of same masses are placed on a fixed wedge as shown in figure. Coefficient of
friction between all the contact surfaces is µ. Choose the correct alternative

(A) For motion at any surface,  tan–1 (µ).

(B) Acceleration of block A will be more than acceleration of block B in downward direction.
(C) Acceleration of block A will be less than acceleration of block B in down ward direction.
(D) Two blocks A and B move with same acceleration.
15. Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are connected with a massless
undeformed spring and placed over a plank moving with an
acceleration ‘a’ as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction between
the blocks and platform is .
(A) spring will be stretched if a > g
(B) spring will be compressed if a  g
(C) spring will neither be compressed nor be stretched only if a  g
(D) spring will be in its natural length under all conditions only if initial velocities of blocks are same

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. Two blocks A and B of equal masses are sliding down along straight parallel lines on an inclined plane of
45°. Their coefficients of kinetic friction are A = 0.2 and B = 0.3 respectively. At t = 0, both the blocks are at
rest and block A is 2 meter behind block B. The time (in second) from the initial position where the front
faces of the blocks come in line on the inclined plane as shown in figure. (Use g = 10 ms–2.)
[JEE 2004 (Scr.) 3/84]

A 2m

Fixed
45°

2. A block of mass 2 kg is pushed against a rough vertical wall with a force of 30 N, coefficient of static
friction being 0.5. Another horizontal force of 15 N is applied on the block in a direction parallel to the
2
wall. What is the acceleration of block (in m/s ) ?

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3. The rear side of a truck is open and a box of 40 kg mass is
placed 5 m away from the open end as shown in figure. The
coefficient of friction between the box and the surface below it
is 0.15. On a straight road, the truck starts from rest and
accelerates with 2 ms–2. Find the distance (in m) travelled by
the truck by the time box falls from the truck. (Ignore the size of
the box).
4. In figure block 1 has one fourth mass and one fourth length of
block 2 (mass 4m and length ). No friction exists between
block 2 and surface on which it rests. Coefficient of friction is k
between 1 & 2. The distance block 2 moves when only half of
n k 
block 1 is still on block 2 is . Then find value of n.
8(2  3k )

5. In the given situation it is known that when released the blocks slide. Find the time (in second) when the
small block will fall off from the larger block. (The size of m is very –very small then M, see figure). If
m = 1 kg, M = 4 kg,  = 4 m,  = 37°,  = 0.4.

6. A heavy chain with mass per unit length ‘’ is pulled by the
constant force F along a horizontal surface consisting of a L
smooth section and a rough section. The chain is initially at
rest on the rough surface with x = 0. If the coefficient of x
F
kinetic friction between the chain and the rough surface is
µk, then what is the velocity v (in m/s) of the chain when Rough µk x=0 Smooth
x = L, if the force F is greater than µk gL in order to initiate
the motion. : If F = 21N,  = 0.5, L = 1 m,  = 2 kg/m
7. What is the maximum value of the force F (in newton) such that the block shown in the arrangement,
does not move :
F
1

60º 2 3
m  3 kg
///////////////////////////////////
8. In the figure shown, the coefficient of static friction between C and ground is
0.5, coefficient of static friction between A and B is 0.25, coefficient of static
friction between B and C is zero. Find the minimum value of force ‘F’ (in
newton), to cause sliding between A and B. Masses of A, B and C are
respectively 2 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg.

9. A small body was launched up an inclined plane set at an angle  = 15° against the horizontal. The
coefficient of friction is k, if the time of the ascent of the body is  = 2.0 times less than the time of its
descent. Find value of 100 k

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PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
1. A block of mass 15 kg is resting on a rough inclined plane as shown in figure. The block is tied up by a
horizontal string which has a tension of 50 N. The coefficient of friction between the surfaces of contact
is (g = 10 m/s2)

(A) 1/2 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/4 (D) 1/4

2. Two masses m1 = 4 kg and m2 = 2kg are connected with an inextensible,

massless string that passes over a frictionless pulley and through a slit,
as shown. The string is vertical on both sides and the string on the left is
acted upon by a constant friction force 10 N by the slit as it moves. SLIT
(use g = 10 m/s2)
5
(A) Acceleration of mass m1 is m/s2, downwards.
3
(B) Tension in the string is same throughout. m1 4kg 2kg m2
70
(C) Force exerted by the string on mass m2 is N.
3
(D) If positions of both the masses are interchanged, then 2kg mass moves up with an acceleration
10
m/s2.
3
3. Car is accelerating with acceleration = 20 m/s2. A box of mass m = 10 kg
that is placed inside the car, it is put in contact with the vertical wall of car
as shown. The friction coefficient between the box and the wall is  = 0.6.
(A) The acceleration of the box will be 20 m/sec2
(B) The friction force acting on the box will be 100 N
(C) The contact force between the vertical wall and the box will be 100 5 N
(D) The net contact force between the vertical wall and the box is only of
electromagnetic in nature.
4._ A solid cube of mass 5 kg is placed on a rough horizontal surface, in z
xy-plane as shown. The friction coefficient between the surface and

the cube is 0.4. An external force F  6iˆ  8ˆj  20kˆ N is applied on the
2
cube. (use g = 10 m/s )
(A) The block starts slipping over the surface
(B) The friction force on the cube by the surface is 10 N.
y
(C) The friction force acts in xy-plane at angle 127° with the positive x-
axis in clockwise direction.
(D) The contact force exerted by the surface on the cube is 10 10 N.
x
5. The force F1 parallel to inclined plane that is necessary to move a body up an inclined plane is double
the force F2 that is necessary to just prevent it from sliding down, then :
(A) F2 = w sin( – ) sec (B) F1 = w sin( – ) sec
(C) tan = 3tan (D) tan = 3tan
Where  = Limiting angle of repose,  = angle of inclined plane, w = weight of the body
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Friction
6. A block of mass 1 kg is stationary with respect to a conveyer belt that is
accelerating with 1 m/s2 upwards at an angle of 30º as shown in figure.
Which of the following is/are correct?
(A) Force of friction on block is 6 N upwards along the inclined plane.
(B) Force of friction on block is 1.5 N upwards along the inclined plane.
(C) Contact force between the block & belt is 10.5 N.
(D) Contact force between the block & belt is 5 3 N.

7._ An arrangement of the masses and pulleys is shown in the figure. Strings connecting masses A and B
with pulleys are horizontal and all pulleys and strings are light. Friction coefficient between the surface and
2
the block B is 0.2 and between blocks A and B is 0.7. The system is released from rest. (Use g = 10 m/s )
6 kg A
3 kg
B
=0.2

6kg Block C 1kg Block D

(A) The magnitude of acceleration of the system is 2 m/s2 and there is no slipping between block A and
block B.
(B) The magnitude of friction force between block A and block B is 42 N.
(C) Acceleration of block C is 1 m/s2 downwards.
(D) Tension in the string connecting block B and block D is 12 N.

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1
A block of mass 15 kg is placed over a frictionless horizontal surface. Another block of mass 10 kg is
placed over it, that is connected with a light string passing over two pulleys fastened to the 15 kg block.
A force F = 80 N is applied horizontally to the free end of the string. Friction coefficient between two
blocks is 0.6. The portion of the string between 10 kg block and the upper pulley is horizontal as shown
in figure Pulley string & connecting rods are massless. (Take g = 10 m/s2)

1. The magnitude of acceleration of the 10 kg block is :

(A) 3.2 m/s2 (B) 2.0 m/s2 (C) 1.6 m/s2 (D) 0.8 m/s2

2. If applied force F = 120 N, then magnitude of acceleration of 15 kg block will be :

2 2 2 2
(A) 8 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 3.2 m/s (D) 4.8 m/s

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Friction
3. Continuing with the situation, if the force F = 80 N is directed vertically as shown, the acceleration of the
10 kg block will be :

2 2
(A) 2 m/s , towards right (B) 2 m/s , towards left
2 2
(C) 6 m/s , towards left (D) 16/5 m/s , towards right
Comprehension # 2
Impending state of motion is a critical border line between static and
dynamic states of a body. A block of mass m is supported on a rough
vertical wall by applying a force F as shown in figure. Coefficient of static
friction between block and wall is S. The block under the influence of F
sin may have a tendency to move upward or it may be assumed that F
sin just prevents downward fall of the block. Read the above passage
carefully and answer the following questions.
4. The minimum value of force F required to keep the block stationary is :
mg mg mg mg
(A) (B) (C) (D)
 cos  sin    cos  sin    cos   tan 

5. The value of F for which friction force between the block and the wall is zero.
mg mg mg
(A) mg (B) (C) (D)
sin cos  tan

6. If F is the force applied on the block as shown and Fmin is the minimum value of force required to keep
the block stationary. Then choose the correct alternative.
(A) If F < Fmin ; the block slides downward
(B) If F = Fmin ; the block slides upward
(C) In each case (for any value of F) the friction force f < mg
(D) All the above

Comprehension # 3
In the figure shown below the friction between the 4 kg block and the incline as 1 and between 8 kg
and incline is 2. (Take g = 10 m/s2)

m
1 =4
kg
1 m
2 =8
kg
2
30º (

7. If 1 = 0.2 and 2 = 0.3 then find acceleration of m1 and m2 ?

(A) a1 = a2 = 2.7 m/s2 (B) a1 = 3.2 m/s2 a2 = 2.4 m/s2
(C) a1 = a2 = 3.2 m/s2 (D) a1 = 2.4 m/s2 a2 = 3.2 m/s2
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Friction
8. If 1 = 0.3 and 2 = 0.2 then find acceleration of m1 and m2 ?
(A) a1 = a2 = 2.7 m/s2 (B) a1 = 3.2 m/s2 a2 = 2.4 m/s2
(C) a1 = a2 = 3.2 m/s2 (D) a1 = 2.4 m/s2 a2 = 3.2 m/s2

Comprehension # 4
MA = 3 kg, MB = 4 kg and MC = 8 kg. Friction cofficient between any two surfaces is 0.25. Pulley is
frictionless and string is massless. Block, A is connected to the wall through a massless rigid rod as
shown in figure.(g=10m/s2)

9. Find the value of F to keep C moving with constant speed

(A) 60 N (B) 40 N (C) 80 N (D) 100 N

10. If F is 200 N then find acceleration of B

(A) 5 m/s2 (B) 10 m/s2 (C) 4 m/s2 (D) zero

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. A disc is kept on a smooth horizontal plane with its plane parallel to horizontal plane. A groove is made
in the disc as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between mass m and surface of the groove
is 2/5 and sin  = 3/5. Find the acceleration of mass with respect to the frame of reference of the disc.
[JEE 2006, 6/184]

ao = 25 m/s2


2. STATEMENT -1 : It is easier to pull a heavy object than to push it on a level ground.
STATEMENT -2 The magnitude of frictional force depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.
[JEE 2008, 3/163, –1]
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True.
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Friction
3. A block of mass m is on inclined plane of angle . The coefficient of friction between the block and the
plane is  and tan > . The block is held stationary by applying a force P parallel to the plane. The
direction of force pointing up the plane is taken to be positive. As P is varied from P1 = mg(sin – cos)
to P2 = mg(sin + cos), the frictional force f versus P graph will look like : [JEE 2010, 3/163, –1]

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

4. A block is moving on an inclined plane making an angle 45° with the horizontal and the coefficient of
friction is . The force required to just push it up the inclined plane is 3 times the force required to just
prevent it from sliding down. If we define k = 10 , then value of k is [JEE 2011, 4/160]

5*. A small block of mass 0.1 kg lies on a fixed inclined plane PQ which
makes an angle  with the horizontal. A horizontal force of 1 N acts on
the block through its center of mass as shown in the figure. The block
remains stationary if (take g = 10 m/s2) [IIT-JEE-2012, Paper-1; 4/70]
(A) = 45°
(B)  > 45° and a frictional force acts on the block towards P.
(C)  > 45° and a frictional force acts on the block towards Q.
(D) < 45° and a frictional force acts on the block towards Q.

6. A block of mass m1 = 1 kg and another mass m2 = 2 kg , are placed together

(see figure) on an inclined plane with angle of inclination . Various values of
 are given in List I. The coefficient of friction between the block m1 and the
plane is always zero. The coefficient of static and dynamic friction between
the block m2 and the plane are equal to  = 0.3. In List II expression for the
friction on block m2 given. Match the correct expression of the friction in List II
with the angles given in List I, and choose the correct option. The acceleration
due to gravity is denoted by g. [JEE (Advanced)-2014, 3/60, –1]
[Useful information : tan(5.5°)  0.1 ; tan (11.5°)  0.2 ; tan(16.5º  0.3)]

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Friction
List-I List-II
P.   = 5° 1. m2g sin 
Q.   = 10° 2. (m1 + m2)g sin 
R.   = 15° 3.  m2g cos 
S.   = 20° 4.  (m1 + m2)g cos 
Code :
(A) P-1, Q-1, R-1,S-3 (B) P-2, Q-2, R-2,S-3 (C) P-2, Q-2, R-2,S-4 (D) P-2, Q-2, R-3,S-3

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. A smooth block is released from rest on a 45º incline and then slides a distance d. The time taken to
slide is n times as much to slide on rough incline than on a smooth incline. The coefficient of friction is
[AIEEE-2005; 4/300]
1 1 1 1
(1)  s  1  (2)  s  1  (3) k  1  (4) k  1 
n2 n2 n2 n2

2. The upper half of an incline plane with inclination is perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough. A
body starting from rest at the top will again come to rest at the the bottom if the coefficient of friction for
the lower half is given by [AIEEE-2005; 4/300]
(1) 2 tan  (2) tan  (3)2 sin  (4)2 cos 

3. Consider a car moving on a straight road with a speed of 100 m/s. The distance at which car can be
stopped is [µk = 0.5] [AIEEE-2005; 4/300]
(1) 100 m (2) 400 m (3) 800 m (4) 1000 m

4. The minimum force required to start pushing a body up a rough (friction coefficient ) inclined plane is
F1 while the minimum force needed to prevent it from sliding down is F2. If the inclined plane makes an
F1
angle from the horizontal such that tan = 2 then the ratio is : [AIEEE 2011, 11 May; 4/120, –1]
F2
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

x3
5. A block of mass m is placed on a surface with a vertical cross section given by y  . If the coefficient
6
of friction is 0.5, the maximum height above the ground at which the block can be placed without
slipping is : [JEE(Main) - 2014, 4/120,–1]
1 2 1 1
(1) m (2) m (3) m (4) m
6 3 3 2

6. Given in the figure are two blocks A and B of weight 20 N and 100 N,
respectively. These are being pressed against a wall by a force F as
F A B
shown. If the coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.1 and between
block B and the wall is 0.15, the frictional force applied by the wall on
block B is : [JEE(Main)-2015; 4/120, –1]
(1) 100N (2) 80N
(3) 120N (4) 150N

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Friction

EXERCISE-1 PART - II
Section (A)
PART - I
A-1. (A) A-2. (C) A-3. (A)
Section (A) :
A-1. Frictional force, which is a type of electromagnetic Section (B)
force. B-1. (D) B-2. (C) B-3. (C)
A–2 B-4. (A) B-5. (A) B-6. (A)
Section (C)
C-1. (D) C-2. (A) C-3. (C)
C-4. (B)
PART - III
1. (A) – r ; (B) – q ; (C) – p ; (D) – s
2. (A) – s ; (B) – r ; (C) – p, s ; (D) – q, r
A–3
EXERCISE-2
PART - I
Kinetic friction is involved. 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)
4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)
A-4. 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (B)
10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (C)
A-5. Up the incline, kinetic friction. 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (D)
A-6. 12.5 m PART - II
Section (B) : 1. 2 2. 5 3. 20
B-1. action-reaction force between M and vertical 4. 7 5. 2 6. 4
wall 7. 20 8. 15 9. 16
N = 0 for F(M+m)g PART - III
N= F– (M+m)g for F > (M+m)g
1. (ABC) 2. (AC) 3. (ABCD)
action-reaction force between m and M
4. (BCD) 5. (AD) 6. (AC)
N = F – mg for F > mg 7. (AD)
and N = 0 for F < mg PART - IV
1 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)
B-2. Upwards, f = m(g+a) B-3.  = tan–1
2 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (A)
mg 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C)
B-4. (a) mg (b) , tan–1 .
1  2 10. (B)

Section (C) : EXERCISE-3

C-1. s = 0.60, k = 0.52 PART - I
2
C-2. (i) aA = 3 m/s , aB = 0 , f AB = 0 , f BG = 0 1. 10 m/s 2.
2
(B) 3. (A)
(ii) aA = 1 m/s2 , aB = 0 , fAB = 25N , f BG = 25N 4. 5 5. (AC) 6. (D)
(iii) aA = 5 m/s2 ; aB = 10 m/s2 ; fAB = 25N ; fBG = 75N PART - II
(iv) aA = 1m/s2 ; aB = 1m/s2 ; fAB = 5N ; fBG = 75N
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (4)
4. (3) 5. (1) 6. (3)

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Friction

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. In the situation shown in figure, for what value of minmum horizontal force F (in Newton), sliding
between middle and lower block will start ? (Take g = 10 m/s2)

2. In the situation shown find the accelerations of the blocks. Also find the accelerations if the force is
shifted from the upper block to the lower block.

3. The inclined plane of Fig. forms an angle = 30° with the horizontal. The
mass ratio m2/m1=  = 2/3. The coefficient of friction between the body m 1
and the inclined plane is equal to k = 0.10. The masses of the pulley and
the threads are negligible. Find the magnitude and the direction of
acceleration of the body m2 when the system of masses starts moving.
4._ A small mass slides down an inclined plane of inclination  with the horizontal. The co-efficient of friction is
 = 0 x where x is the distance through which the mass slides down and 0, a constant. Then find
(a) Maximum speed of particle
(b) How much distance it will cover to get that maximum speed
5. A small body A starts sliding down from the top of a wedge (Fig.) whose base is equal to  = 2.10 m.
The coefficient of friction between the body and the wedge-surface is k = 0.140. At what value of the
angle will the time of sliding be the least ? What will it be equal to ?

6. A bar of mass m is pulled by means of a thread up an inclined

plane forming an angle  with the horizontal (fig.). The
coefficient of friction is equal to k. Find the angle  which the
thread must form with the inclined plane for the tension of the
thread to be minimum. What is it equal to ?
7. In the arrangement shown in Fig. the mass of the rod M exceeds the
mass m of the ball. The ball has an opening permitting it to slide along
the thread with some friction. The mass of the pulley, mass of the string
and the friction in its axle are negligible. At the initial moment the ball
was located opposite the lower end of the rod. When set free, both
bodies began moving with constant accelerations. Find the friction force
between the ball and the thread if t seconds after the beginning of
motion the ball got opposite the upper end of the rod. The rod length
equals .
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Friction
8. In the arrangement shown in figure the masses of the wedge M and the body m are known. The
appreciable friction exists only between the wedge and the body m, the friction coefficient being equal
to k. The masses of the pulley and the thread are negligible. Find the acceleration of the body m
relative to the horizontal surface on which the wedge Slides.

M m

/////////////////////////////////////////
9. What is the minimum acceleration with which bar A (figure) should be shifted horizontally to keep
bodies 1 and 2 stationary relative to the bar? The masses of the bodies are equal and the coefficient of
friction between the bar and the bodies is equal to k. The masses of the pulley and the threads are
negligible, the friction in the pulley is absent.

10. Prism 1 with bar 2 of mass m placed on it gets a horizontal acceleration a0 directed to the left (figure).
At what maximum value of this acceleration will the bar be still stationary relative to the prism, if the
coefficient of friction between them k < cot ?

11. Find the accelerations a1, a2, a3 of the three blocks shown in figure. If a horizontal force of 10N is
2
applied on (i) 2 kg block, (ii) 3 kg block, (iii) 7 kg block. (Take g = 10 m/s )

12. The three flat blocks as shown in the figure are positioned on the 37º incline and a force P parallel to
the inclined plane is applied to the middle block. The upper block is prevented from moving by a wire
which attaches it to the fixed support. The masses of three blocks in kg and coefficient of static friction
for each of the three pairs of contact surfaces are shown in the figure. Determine the maximum value
2
which force P may have before slipping take place anywhere. (g = 10 m/s )

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Friction
13. In the figure shown, the coefficient of static friction between block B and the wall is 2/3 and the
coefficient of kinetic friction between B and the wall is 1/3. Other contacts are smooth. Find the
minimum force ‘F’ required to lift B, up. Now if the force applied on A is slightly increased than the
calculated value of minimum force, then find the acceleration of B. Mass of A is 2m and the mass of B
is m. Take tan  = 3/4.

14. A plank of mass m1 with a bar of mass m2 placed on it lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A horizontal
force growing with time t as F = kt (k is constant) is applied to the bar. Find how the accelerations of the
plank a1 and of the bar a2 depend on t, if the coefficient of friction between the plank and the bar is
equal to . Draw the approximate plots of these dependences.

1. 30 N 2. Upper block 4 m/s2, lower block 1 m/s2 ; Both blocks 2 m/s2

gsin  tan  tan

3. a2 = g( – sin – k cos ) / ( + 1) = 0.05 g. 4. (a) v max = (b) x =
0 0

5. tan2 = (–1 / k),  = 49º, tmin = 1.0s 6. tan  = k, Tmin= mg(sin  + kcos)/ 1  k 2 .

7. Ffr = 2mM / (M – m)t2 8. a = g / 2 (2 + k + M / m) 9. wmin = g (1 – k)/(1 + k)

10. wmax = g (1 + k cot ) / (cot  –k)

5
11. (i) a1 = 3 m/s2, a2 = a3 = 0.4 m/s2, (ii) a1 = a2 = a3 = m/s2, (iii) same as (b)
6
3 3g
12. P = 12 N 13. (i) Fmin = mg (ii) b =
2 22
14. When t  t0, the accelerations a1 = a2 = kt / (m1 + m2) ; when t  t0
g(m1  m2 ) m2
a1 = gm2 / m1, a2 = (kt – m2g) / m2. Here t0 = 
k m1
a
a2

a1

O t0 t

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