A Laboratory Manual for

Power Electronics Circuits-II

(3162413)

B.E. Semester 6 (Power Electronics)

Directorate of Technical Education, Gandhinagar,

Gujarat
 Vishwakarma Government Engineering
College, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./ Ms._______________________________________

Enrollment No. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

of B.E. Semester _____ Power Electronics Engineering of this Institute ( GTU

Code: _____ ) has satisfactorily completed the Practical / Tutorial work for the

subject Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413) for the academic year

20____-____.

Place: Chandkheda
Date: ___/___/20____

Name of the Faculty Member: ______________________________

Sign of the Faculty Member: ______________________________

Head of the Department

Power Electronics Engineering Department
 Preface

Power electronics is an interdisciplinary field that combines electrical engineering, control engineering,
and electronics. It deals with the conversion, control, and conditioning of electric power using
electronic devices. The applications of power electronics are widespread, ranging from household
appliances to industrial equipment, renewable energy systems, transportation, and many others.

The purpose of this manual is to provide a comprehensive and practical guide of power electronics
converters providing AC output. It covers fundamental concepts, principles, and working operation of
AC-AC, DC-AC and Multilevel Inverters power electronics converters. The manual is organized in a
logical sequence, starting with the basic power electronics converters and gradually progressing to
more advanced topologies.

As Gujarat Technological University has designed competency focused outcome-based curriculum for
engineering degree programs where sufficient weightage is given to practical work. It shows
importance of enhancement of skills amongst the students.

Overall, this manual aims to provide a comprehensive and practical guide to power electronics
converters used for AC power supply application. It is hoped that this manual will serve as a valuable
resource for students. The students will also achieve safety and necessary precautions to be taken while
performing practical.

This manual also provides guidelines to follow the safety and necessary precautions.

Power Electronics Converters-II is a core subject of the syllabus. In this subject, Power Electronic
converters are studied which are widely used for fixed/variable AC supply required for domestic
applications as well as in industrial applications. The course is aimed to provide construction,
characteristics and operation of various converter circuits. It provides exposure of power electronics
converter topologies with its working operation, advantages, drawbacks, applications, etc.
 Practical- Course Outcome matrix for
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Course Outcomes (COs): After completing the course, the student should be able to
1. Illustrate the principle of operation of different power conversion circuits and their
applications.
2. Compare performance of various power converter circuits with different control techniques
and topologies.
3. Analyse power converter circuits and select suitable power electronic devices, control, and
protection by considering the requirements of application.
4. Develop skills to design, test and troubleshoot power electronics converters and related
circuits.

Sr. C C C C
Index of Experiment
No. O1 O2 O3 O4

1. Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and RL Load √ √ √

2. Single-Phase AC to AC Phase Angle Control √ √ √

3. Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and RL Load √ √ √

4. Square wave operation of inverter √ √ √ √

5. Quasi square wave operation of an inverter √ √ √ √

Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation technique for

6. √ √ √
Inverter

7. 120° conduction mode of Inverter √ √ √

8. 180° conduction mode of Inverter √ √ √

9. Diode clamped multilevel inverter √ √ √ √

10. Half bridge IC driver circuit for Inverter √ √ √

Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant competency is expected and/or to be developed by

undertaking the practical work of this laboratory.
1. A good understanding of power electronics converter theory is important. The ability to
design the circuit that meets the requirement of application is necessary or will be
enhanced.
2. Having a basic understanding of power electronics components like MOSFETs, IGBTs,
and diodes etc. can help to understand how they are used in converter circuits and how
to select them for a given application.
3. Power electronics circuits can be dangerous if not designed and implemented correctly.
It is requisite to work with safety standards & regulations, and must have an experience
designing for reliability.
4. Experience with lab equipment like oscilloscopes, power supplies, and electronic loads
can be helpful for testing and validating power electronics converter circuits.
5. Power electronics circuits can be complex and of high power, so it emphases to have
experience with PCB design for high power applications, including thermal
management.

Guidelines for Faculty members

1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the students
with all features.
2. Teacher shall explain basic concepts/theory related to the experiment to the students
before starting of each practical
3. Involve all the students in the performance of each experiment.
4. The teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the
students.
5. Teachers should give the opportunity to students for hands-on experience after the
demonstration.
6. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students.

Instructions for Students

1. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the faculty
members and understand the COs, content of the course, teaching and examination
scheme, skill set to be developed etc.
2. Students shall organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations.
3. Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by industries.
4. Students shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and build confidence.
5. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart
from those included in scope of manual.
6. Students shall refer to operating manuals, data books and application notes of various
equipment and components.
7. Student should develop a habit of submitting the experimentation work as per the
 schedule.

Common Safety Instructions for Electrical / Electronic laboratory:

The power levels in experiments related to Power Electronics laboratories may be higher.
So, various machines and equipment operating at such higher power levels can pose
significant hazard to the laboratory users, if not handled properly. The major hazards
associated with electricity are electrical shock and fire. Electrical shock occurs when the
body becomes part of the electric circuit. In addition to the electrical shock hazards, sparks
from electrical/electronic equipment can serve as an ignition source for flammable or
explosive vapors. There are chances of ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) from human body
into electronic circuits which may damage sensitive and costly circuits/ equipment. Also,
in laboratories in which students must work with rotating electrical machines, there are
chances of contact of body part to the shaft of the machine which may result in damage to
body of the user. So considering 360-degree safety, some general guidelines that can be
used to reduce the risk of injury caused by laboratory hazards and damage occurring to
equipment are as follows:

General Precautions:
1. When you are mentally or physically tired, avoid working on energized circuits.
2. Always remember SOPs to be followed in case of electrical accident.
3. Keep the lab table for experiment clean.
4. Do not put any object on the table or nearby circuits.
5. Always use safety glasses when testing the circuits.
6. No loose wires or metal pieces should be lying on table or near the circuit as they cause
short circuits and sparking.
7. Avoid direct contact with energized electrical circuits.
8. Keep the conducting parts and connections out of the way from accidental touching and
from any contacts to test equipment or any parts connected to other voltage levels.
9. Be careful about dangling objects like ornaments, bracelets, rings, and metal watch
bands. They conduct electricity and can cause burns. Do not wear them during
laboratory sessions.
10. Do not wear loose-fitting clothing, shorts, skirt, tie etc. in the lab.
11. If water or a chemical is spilled onto equipment, shut off power at the main switch or
circuit breaker and unplug the equipment.
12. Do not make circuit changes or perform any wiring when the power is on.
13. Do not pull wires out until you are sure that the circuit is completely dead. Shocks can
occur if an inductive load (motor or transformer) is disconnected while conducting.
14. All the electrical equipment must be connected to the proper earth line.
15. All high voltage equipment must be properly marked, and danger signs displayed.
16. Do not depend on switches to de-energize a circuit. Pull the plug out from the
socket/outlet.
17. High voltage connections must have no sharp points.
18. Permanent or temporary enclosures around high voltage equipment should be used.
Precautions to be Observed While Performing the Experiment
1. Use wires of appropriate length only. Avoid using long wires, that may get in your way
while adjusting or changing leads.
2. When working with energized circuits, use only one hand ("one-hand" approach) while
keeping the rest of your body away from conducting surfaces (particularly for circuits
operating at voltage higher than 50 V), open terminals etc. This precaution reduces the
likelihood of accidents that result in current passing through the chest cavity.
3. If an individual encounters a live electrical conductor, do not touch the equipment, cord,
or person. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out the plug
using a leather belt.
4. When working with inductive circuits, reduce voltages or currents to near zero before
switching open the circuits.
5. If you are working on high voltage circuits, have a co-worker along with you who
knows how to break the circuit to get you free and how to give you mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and closed chest heart massage.
6. When it is necessary to handle equipment that is plugged in, be sure your hands are dry
and, when possible, wear nonconductive gloves and shoes with insulated soles.

Precautions to be Observed Before Powering the Circuit

1. Before powering the circuits, check for all the connections of the circuit and scope
connection. This avoids shorting or any ground looping that may lead to electrical
shocks or damage of equipment.
2. Check any connections for shorting two different voltage levels.
3. Check if you have connected load at the output.
4. Double check your wiring and circuit connections (use a point-to-point wiring diagram
to review when making these checks).

Precautions to be Observed While Powering Up the Circuit

For experiments NOT related to digital electronics/ micro controller /microprocessor

1. First apply low voltages to check proper functionality of circuits.
2. Once proper functionality is obtained with low voltage, increase voltages to the required
levels slowly.

Precautions to be Observed Powering Down the Circuit

1. Reduce the voltage or power slowly till it comes to zero.
2. Switch off all the power supplies.
3. Let the load be connected to the output for some time, so that it helps to discharge
capacitor or inductor if any, completely.

Precautions to be Observed While Modifying the Circuit

1. Switch off the circuit.
2. Modify the connections according to the requirement.
3. Recheck the circuit with the TA and power up.
 INDEX
(Progressive Assessment Sheet)
INDEX

Sr. Page No.

Title Date Sign Grade
No. From To
1 Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and
RL Load
2 Single-Phase AC to AC Phase Angle
Control
3 Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and
RL Load
4 Square wave operation of inverter

5 Quasi square wave operation of an

inverter

6 Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation

technique for Inverter

7 120° conduction mode of Inverter

8 180° conduction mode of Inverter

9 Diode clamped multilevel inverter

10 Half bridge IC driver circuit for Inverter

 Experiment No: 01

Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and RL Load

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of single-phase Cyclo-converter for R and
R-L load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of single phase Cyclo-converter. 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

Single Phase Cyclo-converter:

A cycloconverter converts input power at one frequency to output power at a different
frequency with one stage conversion. cycloconverter is used in speed control of high power AC
drives, induction heating etc.
• In cycloconverter one group of thyristors produce positive polarity of the load voltage and
other group produces the negative polarity of the load voltage.
• SCR’s T1 and T3 of the positive group are gated together depending on the polarity of the
input.
• Only one of them will conduct at a time.
• When ‘P’ is positive with respect to ‘O’, then SCR1 will conduct otherwise SCR2 will
conduct. Thus in both the half cycles of the input, the load voltage will be positive.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Fig. 1 Single Phase Cyco-converter.

• The SCR’s get turned off by natural commutation at the end of every half cycle.
• Similarly firing of SCRs of negative group can be carried out.
• Depending on the desired frequency gating pulses to positive group of SCR’s (T1, T2) &
negative group of SCR’s (T3, T4) are given.
• The output voltage and out frequency of the Cyclo-converter can be varied.

Expected Waveform for f/2:

Fig 2. Waveforms

Advantages:
(1) The SCRs are switch ON at zero crossing. Hence the harmonics due to switching actions are
reduced.
(2) Electromagnetic interference to neighboring electronic circuit is minimized.
Disadvantages:
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
(1) Output will discontinuous, hence the load has to sustain these variations.
(2) Since the Thyristors are triggered at zero crossing their conditioning is not being exploited.

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the single-phase AC-AC controller circuit with a resistive load.
• Connect the AC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage with 50 Hz
frequency.
• Supply gate pulses to the Thyristors T1 and T2 synchronised with AC input supply voltage
at zero crossing for few cycles as on-off control with appropriate gate pulses generator
circuit.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.
• Repeat the above steps for the single-phase AC-AC controller circuit with an RL load.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of AC-AC controller in open source software or licensed software
available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for the
simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For R Load:
Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance

For R-L Load:

Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance
Inductor

OBSERVATIONS:
Supply Voltage Vs=________ volts.

Sr. Theoretical Values

Type of Load
No. Duty cycly Vo,rms (Volts)
1 R
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 2
3
4

Sr. Theoretical Values

Type of Load
No. Duty cycly Vo,rms (Volts)
1
2
R-L
3
4

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) What is the integral cycle control of AC?

(2) Where integral cycle control is used for AC voltage controller?
(3) Which loads are suitable for integral cycle control?
(4) Comment on input power factor for AC-AC controller with integral cycle control.

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 02

Single-Phase AC to AC Phase Angle Control

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of single-phase AC-AC voltage controller
with phase angle control for R and R-L load.
2. To observe the output voltage and output current waveforms for load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of single phase AC-AC voltage controller. 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

Single Phase AC-AC voltage controller with Integrated cycle control:

The circuit diagram of single-phase AC-AC controller with resistive load is shown in figure
1. The back to back connected pair of SCR is used to control the output AC voltage. In phase angle
control Thyristor conducts for part of AC cycle. And load is connected to supply voltage during
conduction of Thyristor.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Figure 1: Single phase AC-AC Converter

• AC voltage regulator is thyrisor based devices which convert alternating voltage directly to
variable alternating voltage without change in frequency.
• Some application of ac voltage regulator is for domestic and industrial heating, transformer
tap-changing speed control of AC motors derives. Figure 1shows the single phase AC
voltage regulator feeding power to a resistive load R.
• It consists of two Thyristor T1 and T2, are connected in anti-parallel. Waveforms for source
voltage Vs, gating pulses Ig1, Ig2, Load current Io, sourse current Is, load voltage Vo,
Voltage Across T1 anT2 in figure2. T1 conduct for +ve half cycle from α to π and T2 conduct
for –ve halp cycle from π+α to 2π.
• Anti-parallel connection is done so that thyristor (T1) is forward biased for the positive half
of the input supply voltage whereas thyristor (T2) is forward biased for the negative half
cycle of the input AC supply. Method of phase control is used to achieve output voltage
control.
• When T1 is forward biased, it may be fired to turn it ON. The firing angle of thyristor may be
chosen based on the required output voltage. If the output voltage requirement is more, the
firing angle (α) should be less.
• This strategy is also known as phase angle control of AC-AC controller.
Let us consider the circuit diagram of single phase full wave AC voltage controller as shown in
figure-1. The gate pulses ig1 & ig2 are given to thyristors T1 & T2 respectively as shown in figure-2
the load is assumed resistive in the circuit diagram.

Fig 2. Waveforms

• T1 is fired at an angle α. As soon as T1 is fired, it connects the load to the source

for positive half cycle of input. If the load is resistive in nature, the load output voltage
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 follows the envelop of AC supply input. The load current at once becomes (Vmsinα /
R) and is in phase with the load voltage.
• At ωt = π, the load voltage becomes zero and current, also, becomes zero. Since,
thyristor T1 is reversed biased after ωt = π and current through it is zero, it gets
naturally commutated.
• At ωt = (π+α), forward biased thyristor T2 is gated. Hence, it conducts and connected
load to the source. The load voltage now follows the negative envelop of the AC
input supply and the load current does the same.
• It should also be noted here that thyristor T1 & T2 are naturally commutated.
• In this manner, process of turn-on and turn-off is repeated for the control of load
power. By varying the number of firing angle for Thyristors T1 and T2, power
delivered to the load can be controlled as desired.

Some of the main application of AC Voltage Controller are for the following:
• Domestic and industrial heating
• Transformer tap changing
• Lighting control
• Speed Control of single phase and three phase AC drives
• Starting of Induction Motors

The main disadvantage of AC voltage controller is the introduction of objectionable harmonics

in the supply current and load voltage waveform, particularly at reduced output voltage level.

Performance parameters of the AC-AC controller with integral cycle control:

• The output RMS voltage of the AC-AC controller with integral cycle control is given
by,

• Duty Cycle k

• RMS Load Current

• AC output Power

• Input Power Factor

Advantages:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

(1) The SCRs are switch ON at zero crossing. Hence the harmonics due to switching actions are
reduced.
)2) Electromagnetic interference to neighboring electronic circuit is minimized.
Disadvantages:
(1) Output will discontinuous, hence the load has to sustain these variations.
(2) Since the thyristors are triggered at zero crossing their conditioning is not being exploited.

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the single-phase AC-AC controller circuit with a resistive load.
• Connect the AC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage with 50 Hz
frequency.
• Supply gate pulses to the Thyristors T1 and T2 synchronised with AC input supply voltage
at zero crossing for few cycles as on-off control with appropriate gate pulses generator
circuit.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.
• Repeat the above steps for the single-phase AC-AC controller circuit with an RL load.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of AC-AC controller in open source software or licensed software
available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for the
simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For R Load:
Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance

For R-L Load:

Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance
Inductor

OBSERVATIONS:
Supply Voltage Vs=________ volts.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Sr. Theoretical Values
Type of Load
No. Duty cycly Vo,rms (Volts)
1
2
R
3
4

Sr. Theoretical Values

Type of Load
No. Duty cycly Vo,rms (Volts)
1
2
R-L
3
4

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) What is the integral cycle control of AC?

(2) Where integral cycle control is used for AC voltage controller?
(3) Which loads are suitable for integral cycle control?
(4) Comment on input power factor for AC-AC controller with integral cycle control.

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 03

Single-Phase Cyclo-converter with R and RL Load

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of single-phase Cyclo-converter for R and
R-L load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of single phase Cyclo-converter. 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

Single Phase Cyclo-converter:

A cycloconverter converts input power at one frequency to output power at a different
frequency with one stage conversion. cycloconverter is used in speed control of high power AC
drives, induction heating etc.
• In cycloconverter one group of thyristors produce positive polarity of the load voltage and
other group produces the negative polarity of the load voltage.
• SCR’s T1 and T3 of the positive group are gated together depending on the polarity of the
input.
• Only one of them will conduct at a time.
• When ‘P’ is positive with respect to ‘O’, then SCR1 will conduct otherwise SCR2 will
conduct. Thus in both the half cycles of the input, the load voltage will be positive.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Fig. 1 Single Phase Cyco-converter.

• The SCR’s get turned off by natural commutation at the end of every half cycle.
• Similarly firing of SCRs of negative group can be carried out.
• Depending on the desired frequency gating pulses to positive group of SCR’s (T1, T2) &
negative group of SCR’s (T3, T4) are given.
• The output voltage and out frequency of the Cyclo-converter can be varied.

Expected Waveform for f/2:

Fig 2. Waveforms

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the single-phase Cyclo-converter circuit with a resistive load.
• Connect the AC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage with 50 Hz
frequency.
• Supply gate pulses to the Thyristors T1, T2, T3 and T4 synchronised with AC input supply
voltage at zero crossing.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
voltage waveforms.
• With the use of appropriate gate pulses, produce output voltage with frequency f, f/2, f/3
waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.
• Repeat the above steps for the single-phase AC-AC controller circuit with an R-L load.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of Single phase Cyclo-converter in open source software or licensed
software available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for
the simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For R Load:
Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance

For R-L Load:

Source Voltage
Frequency
Load Resistance
Inductor

OBSERVATIONS:
Supply Voltage Vs=________ volts.
Input frequency fs = _______ Hz.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Sr. No. Type of Input Firing Vo Io Output
Load Voltage angle in (V) (A) frequency
(V in) Degrees fo
1
2
3 R
4
5

Sr. No. Type of Input Firing Vo Io Output

Load Voltage angle in (V) (A) frequency
(V in) Degrees fo
1
2
3 R-L
4
5

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) What is meant by Cyclo-converter?

(2) Classify Cyclo converters.
(3) What is step up Cyclo-converter & step down Cyclo - converter?
(4) What are the Applications of Cycloconverter?

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 04

Square wave operation of inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 2, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To study and analyse square wave operation of inverter.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

A type of electrical inverter that produce a square wave output, it consists of a DC Source,
four switches, and the load. The switches are power semiconductors that can carry. A large current
and withstand a high voltage rating. The switches are turned on and off in correct sequence, at a
certain frequency. The square wave inverter is the simplest and the least expensive type of inverter,
but it produces the lowest quality of power.

A square wave inverter is one of the simplest inverter type, which convert a straight DC
signal to a phase shifting AC signal. But the output is not pure AC, i.e. in the form of a pure sine
wave, but it is a square wave.

At the same time, they are cheaper as well. The simplest construction of a square wave
inverter can be achieved by using an on-off switch, before a typical voltage amplifying
circuitry like that of a transformer.

A single-phase square wave type voltage source inverter produces square shaped output
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 voltage for a single-phase load. Such inverters have very simple control logic and the power switches
need to operate at much lower frequencies compared to switches in some other types of inverters,
discussed in later lessons.

The first-generation inverters, using thyristor switches, were almost invariably square wave
inverters because thyristor switches could be switched on and off only a few hundred times in a
second. In contrast, the present-day switches like IGBTs are much faster and used at switching
frequencies of several kilohertz. Single-phase inverters mostly use half bridge or full bridge
topologies.

Both the above topologies are analyzed under the assumption of ideal circuit conditions.
Accordingly, it is assumed that the input dc voltage is constant and the switches are lossless.

In half bridge topology, the input dc voltage is split in two equal parts through an ideal and
loss-less capacitive potential divider. The half bridge topology consists of one leg (one pole) of
switches whereas the full bridge topology has two such legs.

Figure. Single-phase square wave inverter

Each leg of the inverter consists of two series connected electronic switches shown within
dotted lines in the figures. Each of these switches consists of an IGBT type controlled switch across
which an uncontrolled diode is put in anti-parallel manner. These switches are capable of
conducting bi-directional current but they need to block only one polarity of voltage. The junction
point of the switches in each leg of the inverter serves as one output point for the load.

Advantages of square wave inverter:

• The price is very cheap.
• It can work with ordinary light bulbs, fans etc.

Disadvantages of square wave inverter:

• Square wave output waveform and not stable enough.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the inverter circuit.
• Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
• Supply gate pulses to the power electronics switches from S1 to S4.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
phase voltage and line voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of square wave inverter in open source software or licensed software
available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for the
simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For R Load:
DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:

Sr. No. Vo Io
1
2
3
4

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 05

Quasi square wave operation of an inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 2, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To study and analyze quasi square wave operation of an inverter.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

The rms output voltage from an H- bridge can be varied by producing a quasi-square wave
output voltage (2t1 = t2, t0 <t1). After T1 and T2 have been turned on (state 1), at the angle of α one
device is turned off. If T1 is turned off (and T4 is turned on after short delay), the load current slowly
freewheels through T2 and D4 (state 00) in a zero voltage loop according to,
= +
When T2 is turned on and T3 is turned on (state 01), the remaining load current rapidly
reduces to zero back into the dc supply vs through diodes D3 and D4. When the load current reaches
to zero, T3 and T4 become forward biased and output current reverses, through T3 and T4.

The output voltage consists of a sequence of no zero voltages ∓ , alternated with zero output
voltage periods. During the zero output voltage period a diode and switch conducts. Firstly T1 and
D3 in the first period, and T3 and D1 in second zero output period. In each case a zero output voltage
loop is created by a switch, diode, and the load. The next two zero output voltage sequence would be
T2, D4 and T4, D2.
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 By alternating the zero voltage loops, loses are uniformly distributed between
semiconductors, device switching frequency is half that experienced by the load, and finer output
resolution is achievable.

Figure. Single-phase quasi square wave inverter

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the inverter circuit.
• Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
• Supply gate pulses to the power electronics switches from S1 to S4.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
phase voltage and line voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of square wave inverter in open source software or licensed software
available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for the
simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For RL Load:
DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 Sr. No. Vo Io
1
2
3
4

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Sample Calculation:

Remarks of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 06

Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation technique for Inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or” Licensed
simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up the
experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of Half bridge Inverter for R load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Half bridge Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique:

In a simple source voltage inverter, the switches can be turned ON and OFF as needed. During each
cycle, the switch is turned on or off once. This results in a square waveform. However, if the switch is turned
on for a number of times, a harmonic profile that is improved waveform is obtained. The sinusoidal PWM
waveform is obtained by comparing the desired modulated waveform with a triangular waveform of high
frequency. Regardless of whether the voltage of the signal is smaller or larger than that of the carrier
waveform, the resulting output voltage of the DC bus is either negative or positive.
As shown in figure below, The SPWM is explained with reference to Figure 1, which is the half-
bridge circuit topology for a single-phase inverter. The inverter circuit is supplied with Vdc voltage. With
each switch on, the half of the Vdc voltage will appear at the load.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Fig.1 Half bridge Inverter

● The comparator output is processed in a trigger pulse generator in such a manner that the
output voltage wave of the inverter has a pulse width in agreement with the comparator
output pulse width.
● The sinusoidal amplitude is given as Am and that of the carrier triangle is give as Ac. For
sinusoidal PWM, the modulating index m is given by Am/Ac. it controls the harmonic
content of the output voltage waveform.
● The intersection of and waves determines the switching instants and commutation of the
modulated pulse.
● The frequency–modulation ratio is defined as fc/fm.

Fig. 2 Sinusoidal pulse width modulation

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

PROEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
● Set up the single phase half bridge inverter circuit with a connected resistive load.
● Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
● Supply gate pulses to the power electronics switches from S1 to S2.
● Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
● Connect an oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe
the phase voltage and line voltage waveforms.
● Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of inverter with SPWM in open source software or licensed software
available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for the
simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For star connected R Load:

DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:
Sr. No. Modulation index m Output Voltage of the inverter
V rms
1
2
3

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) What is the application of sinusoidal pulse width modulation?

(2) Which is the carrier in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme?
(3) What are the advantages of sinusoidal PWM?
(4) What is the significance of amplitude modulation index and frequency modulation index?

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 07

120° conduction mode of Inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of Three phase Inverter for R load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Three phase Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

120 ̊ conduction mode of Three phase Inverter:

• In this mode of conduction, each electronic device is in a conduction state for 120°. It is most suitable
for a delta connection in a load because it results in a six-step type of waveform across any of its
phases. Therefore, at any instant only two devices are conducting because each device conducts at
only 120°.
• The terminal A on the load is connected to the positive end while the terminal B is connected to the
negative end of the source. The terminal C on the load is in a condition called floating state.
Furthermore, the phase voltages are equal to the load voltages as shown below.
In 120° mode of conduction, every device is in conduction state for 120° where they are
switched ON at 60° intervals. The terminals A, B and C are the output terminals of the bridge that
are connected to the three-phase delta or star connection of the load.
As shown in figure, the operation of a balanced star connected load is explained in the
diagram below. For the period 0° − 60° the two switches conducts. The resultant phase voltage and
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 line voltage are shown in figure-2.

Fig. 1 Three phase Inverter with star connected R load.

• In this mode of operation each switch conducts for 120°.
• at any instant of time two switches remain on.
• When S1 is on, the terminal a gets connected to the positive terminal of input DC
source. Similarly, when S4 is on, terminal a gets connected to the negative terminal
of input DC source.
There are six possible modes of operation in a cycle and each mode is of 60° duration and
the explanation of each mode is as follows:

Fig. 2 Wave forms of phase voltage.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 Similarly, waveforms for Line voltage can be obtained considering switch position in each
mode of 60-degree conduction period.

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the three phase inverter circuit with a star connected resistive load.
• Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
• Supply gate pulses to the power electronics switches from S1 to S6 with width of 180-
degree conduction period.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
phase voltage and line voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of three phase inverter with 120-degree conduction mode in open source
software or licensed software available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use
appropriate parameters for the simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For star connected R Load:

DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:

Sr. No. Phase Voltage Va rms Line Voltage rms

1
2
3

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) How many switches are conducting there in a 3 phase inverter with 120 conduction mode?
(2) Try to draw phase voltage and line voltage waveforms for delta connected resistive load in
three phase inverter with 120-degree conduction mode.
(3) Find average voltage rating of switch used in three phase inverter with 120-degree
conduction mode.

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 08

180° conduction mode of Inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of Three phase Inverter for R load.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Three phase Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

180 ̊ conduction mode of Three phase Inverter:

Three-phase inverters are normally used for high power applications. The advantages of a
three-phase inverter are:

•The frequency of the output voltage waveform depends on the switching rate of the switches
and hence can be varied over a wide range.
• The direction of rotation of the motor can be reversed by changing the output phase sequence
of the inverter.
• The ac output voltage can be controlled by varying the dc-link voltage.
The general configuration of a three-phase DC-AC inverter is shown in Circuit Diagram.
Two types of control signals can be applied to the switches: 180° conduction and 120°
conduction.
In 180° mode of conduction, every device is in conduction state for 180° where they are
switched ON at 60° intervals. The terminals A, B and C are the output terminals of the bridge that
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 are connected to the three-phase delta or star connection of the load.
As shown in figure, the operation of a balanced star connected load is explained in the
diagram below. For the period 0° − 60° the points S1, S5 and S6 are in conduction mode. The
terminals A and C of the load are connected to the source at its positive point. The terminal B is
connected to the source at its negative point. In addition, resistances R/2 is between the neutral and
the positive end while resistance R is between the neutral and the negative terminal.

Fig. 1 Three phase Inverter with star connected R load.

• In this mode of operation each switch conducts for 180°.
• at any instant of time three switches remain on.
• When S1 is on, the terminal a gets connected to the positive terminal of input DC
source. Similarly, when S4 is on, terminal a gets connected to the negative terminal
of input DC source.
There are six possible modes of operation in a cycle and each mode is of 60° duration and
the explanation of each mode is as follows:

Fig. 2 Wave forms of phase voltage.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 Similarly, waveforms for Line voltage can be obtained considering switch position in each
mode of 60-degree conduction period.

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
• Set up the three phase inverter circuit with a star connected resistive load.
• Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
• Supply gate pulses to the power electronics switches from S1 to S6 with width of 180-
degree conduction period.
• Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
• Connect oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe the
phase voltage and line voltage waveforms.
• Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the circuits of three phase inverter with 180-degree conduction mode in open source
software or licensed software available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use
appropriate parameters for the simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For star connected R Load:

DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:

Sr. No. Phase Voltage Va rms Line Voltage rms

1
2
3

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Questions:

(1) How many switches are there in a 3 phase inverter with 180 conduction mode?
(2) Try to draw phase voltage and line voltage waveforms for delta connected resistive load in
three phase inverter with 180-degree conduction mode.
(3) Find average voltage rating of switch used in three phase inverter with 180-degree
conduction mode.

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 09

Diode clamped multilevel inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or”
Licensed simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up
the experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 2, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To study and analyse diode clamped multilevel inverter.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of diode clamped multilevel inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -
Theory:

A Diode-clamped multilevel (m-level) inverter (DCMLI) typically consists of (m-1)

capacitors on the dc bus and produces m levels on the phase voltage. Figure 1shows the one leg as
well as a full-bridge five-level diode-clamped converter.

The diode-clamped multilevel inverter employs clamping diodes and cascaded DC capacitors
to produce AC voltage waveforms with multiple levels. This chapter discusses various aspects of the
three-level (3L) neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter, including the inverter topology, operating
principle, and device commutation. It also discusses a conventional space vector modulation (SVM)
scheme for the NPC inverter. The DC input voltage of the inverter is normally split by two cascaded
DC capacitors, providing a floating neutral point. The chapter elaborates control of the neutral-point
voltage deviation and introduces the operation of four- and five-level diode-clamped inverters with
carrier-based modulation techniques. The neutral-point voltage can be controlled by adjusting the
time distribution between the p- and n- type states of a small voltage vector. There always exists a
small voltage vector in each switching sequence, whose dwell time is divided into two sub-periods,
one for its p-type and the other for its n-type switching state.
Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)
 The numbering order of the switches is Sa1, Sa2, Sa3, Sa4, S’a1, S’a2, S’a3 and S’a4. The
dc bus consists of four capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4. For a dc bus voltage Vdc, the voltage across
each capacitor Vdc/4 and each device voltage stress is limited to one capacitor voltage level Vdc/4
through clamping diodes. An m-level inverter leg requires (m-1) capacitors, 2(m-1) switching
devices and (m-1) (m-2) clamping diodes.

Fig.1
Principle of operation:

To produce a staircase-output voltage, let us consider only one leg of the five-level inverter,
as shown in figure 1 as an example. The dc rail 0 is the reference point of the output phase voltage.
The steps to synthesize the five-level voltage are as follow:

1. For an output voltage level vao = Vdc, turn on all upper-half switches Sa1 through Sa4.
2. For an output voltage level vao = 3Vdc/4, turn on three upper switches Sa2 through Sa4
and one lower S’a1.
3. For an output voltage level vao = Vdc/2, turn on two upper switches Sa3 through Sa4 and
two lower S’a1 and S’a2.
4. For an output voltage level vao = Vdc/4, turn on one upper switches Sa4 and three
lower switches S’a1 through S’a3.
5. For an output voltage level vao = 0, turn on all lower half switches S’a1 through S’a4.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Table below shows the voltage level and their corresponding switch state. State condition 1
means the switch is on, and state 0 means the switch is off.

Table: Diode-Clamped Voltage Level and Their Switch States

Output Switch State
Va0 Sa1 Sa2 Sa3 Sa4 S’a1 S’a2 S’a3 S’a4
V5=Vdc 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
V4= 3Vdc/4 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
V3=Vdc/2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
V2=Vdc/4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
V1= 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

Note: Each switch is turned on only once per cycle and there are four complementary switch
pair in each phase.

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Experiment No: 10

Half bridge IC driver circuit for Inverter

Date: ____/______/20______

Competency and Practical Skills:

(For Simulation purpose)

1. There are several simulation software programs available, such as MATLAB/Simulink,
PLECS, PSIM, LTSpice and SEQUEL etc. Select appropriate software in which student may
have proficiency. The knowledge of any open source simulation software “or” Licensed
simulation software for Power Electronics can be used.
2. Working with IDE of relevant software is necessary.

(For Experiment purpose)

1. For performing experiment on Trainer Board or Bread-board, it is requisite to set-up the
experiment with necessary apparatus/instruments in laboratory.

Relevant CO: 1, 3, 4
Objectives:
1. To measure the output voltage and output current of single phase Inverter for R load operated
with IC IR2112.

Apparatus/Equipments/Instruments:

Sr. No. Item Qty.

1. Trainer board/kit of Single phase Inverter 01
2. Oscilloscope 01
3. Connecting wires As per requirement
4. Multi-meter 02
5. Simulation Software -

Theory:

Driver IC IR 2112 for Half Bridge Inverter:

IR2112 is a high voltage, high speed power MOSFET and IGBT driver. It has independent high and low
side referenced output channels with a threshold voltage of 600 V. it has Schmitt triggered inputs that are
compatible to the standard CMOS and LSTTL outputs. IR2112 is basically a low and high side driver IC with
a voltage range of 10V to 20V. It has applications that require the circuitry of both high and low-side drive,
for example, half-bridge and full-bridge circuits. The typical connection diagram for Inverter circuit is shown
in figure 1. HIN and LIN are the input signals for the high and low driver sides. They connect to some
microcontroller or a voltage supply through a switch and are provided with an input signal of range 4 to 5V.
It has a shutdown pin which is provided to protect the circuit in case of overvoltage or current by connecting
this pin to +5V. It will shut down the circuit.

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 Fig. 1 IC IR2112 driver circuit.

IR2112 Pinout Diagram and Pin Configuration Details:

IR2112 pinout diagram shows that it consists of 14 pins. LO and HO are output pins for low and high
side respectively. LIN and HIN are input pins for drive signals such as PWM, SPWM. The detail of pins is
given in Table-1 with description.

Fig. 2 Pin diagram

Table-1 IR2112 Pinout

Pin Number Pin Name Description
1 LO Gate drive output of Low voltage side
2 COM Return path for low side driver
3 VCC Voltage supply for low voltage driver and its value should be
between the range of 10V to 20V.
5 VS Floating point return path for low side
6 VB Floating point for high side drive
7 HO Gate drive output for high driver side
9 VDD Voltage supply and its value should be in a range of +3V to +20V
with reference to ground or Vss. For normal operation, we use = +5V.
10 HIN In phase input logic signal for gate output of high side driver
11 SD Input signal for shut down
12 LIN In phase input logic signal for gate output of low side driver
13 VSS Ground of the circuit
4, 8, 14 NC No connection for these pins and no use

Features:
● Floating channel designed for bootstrap operation
● Fully operational to +600 V
● Tolerant to negative transient voltage
● dV/dt immune
● Gate drive supply ranges from 10 to 20 V
● Under voltage lockout for both channels

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

 ● 3.3 V logic compatible
● Separate logic supply range from 3.3 V to 20 V
● Logic and power ground +/- 5 V offset
● CMOS Schmitt-triggered inputs with pull-down
● Cycle-by-cycle edge-triggered shutdown logic
● Matched propagation delay for both channels
● Outputs in phase with inputs

IR2112 Applications:
● Used in designing H-bridge, half-bridge, and full-bridge circuits
● Used in switched-mode power supplies
● Used in inverters, traction motor control, and induction heating.

*Reference: Data sheet of IC IR 2112 International Rectifier.

PROCEDURE:
For Experiment setup:
● Set up the Single phase Half bridge inverter circuit with resistive load.
● Connect the DC input supply to the circuit supplying appropriate voltage.
● Supply gate pulses generated from IC IR 2112 to the power electronics switches of Half
bridge inverter from S1 to S2.
● Connect the ammeter in series with the load and voltmeter in parallel to the load.
● Connect an oscilloscope probe to the input and output of the converter circuit to observe
the output voltage waveform.
● Record the voltage and current readings for different loads.

For Simulation:
Simulate the Single phase Half bridge inverter circuit in open source software or licensed
software available. Observe the waveforms of voltage and current. Use appropriate parameters for
the simulation.

Parameters Selected for Experiments:

For R Load:
DC Source Voltage
Output Frequency of the Inverter

OBSERVATIONS:
Sr. No. Output Voltage (rms) Output Current (rms)
1
2
3

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

SIMULATION RESULTS:
Attach the circuit diagram and waveforms of simulation on separate page.

CONCLUSION:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Sample Calculation:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)

Remarks of the Faculty:

Date of Assessment:

Signature of the Faculty &

Name of the Faculty:

Power Electronics Circuits-II (3162413)