MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [1 MARK]

1. Name the type of current: (a) used in household supply. (b) given by a cell.
Answer. (a) Alternating current. (b) Direct current.

2. State the observation made by Oersted on the basis of his experiment with current carrying
conductors.
Answer. The electric current passing through a conducting wire produces magnetic effect.

3. Name the device which is used to draw magnetic field lines.

Answer. Compass needle.

4. Identify the poles of the magnet in the given figure.

Answer. Both the poles facing each other represent south pole in nature as the magnetic field
lines outside the magnet move from North to South Poles.

5. State the direction of magnetic field in the following case.

Answer. In given situation, according to Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule Force is along y-axis. Current
is along x-axis. Then magnetic field is along z-axis.

6. State the direction of magnetic field in the following case.

Answer. Perpendicular to the plane of paper in the outward direction by using Fleming’s left
hand rule.

7. Give one application of electromagnetic induction.

Answer. This phenomenon is used in electric generator.

8. Name the physical quantities which are indicated by the direction of thumb and forefinger
in the Fleming’s right hand rule?
Answer. In Fleming’s right hand rule, thumb indicates — direction of motion of the conductor;
forefinger indicates — direction of magnetic field.
9. A positively charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards west is deflected towards
north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is
(a) towards north (b) towards east
(c) downward (d) upward
Answer. (d) Upward (Apply Fleming’s left hand rule).

10. The diagram shows a coil of wire wound on a soft iron core forming an electromagnet. A
current is passed through the coil in the direction indicated by the arrows. Mark the N and
S poles produced in the iron core.

Answer. Using clock face rule

A is South pole. B is North pole.

11. How will you determine the direction of the magnetic field due to a current-carrying
solenoid in the below diagram?

Answer. Direction of magnetic field: Imagine the current carrying solenoid in your right hand
such that the curled fingers are in the direction of current, then the extended thumb will indicate
the direction of emerging magnetic field line, i.e. the face of solenoid which has North polarity.

12. A steady current of 5 A is flowing through a conductor AB. Will the current be induced in
the circular wire of radius lm?

Answer. No, because circular coil is placed in a constant magnetic field produced by a steady
current of 5A.

13. Name the device used to prevent damage to the electrical appliances and the domestic
circuit due to overloading.
Answer. Electric fuse.

14. Give one difference between the wires used in the element of an electric heater and in a fuse.
Answer. Electric wire used in electric heater has a high melting point whereas fuse wire has a low
melting point.
15. The diagram shows a beam of electrons about to enter a magnetic field. The direction of the
field is into the page.

What will be the direction of deflection, if any, as the beam passes through the field?
Answer. Direction of current is from right to left as electron beam enters from left to right and
magnetic field is into the page. So, according to Fleming’s left hand rule, force is perpendicular to
the flow of current and in its left side. So, electron beam deflects towards bottom of the page.

16. How can you show that the magnetic field produced by a given electric current in the wire
decreases as the distance from the wire increases?
Answer. The decrease in deflection of the magnetic compass needle clearly shows that the
magnetic field decreases as we move away from the current-carrying conductor.

17. A current carrying straight wire held perpendicular to the plane of paper and current
passes through this conductor in the vertically upward direction. What is the direction of
magnetic field produced around it?
Answer. According to right-hand thumb rule, the direction of magnetic field produced around the
given conductor is anticlockwise.

18. If the circular coil has n turns, the field produced is n times as large as that produced by a
single turn. Justify it.
Answer. This is because the current in each circular turn has the same direction, and the field due
to each turn then just adds up along the axis of the coil

19. Name any two appliances which are based on the application of heating effect of electric
current.
Answer. Room heater and geyser.

20. An electron beam is moving vertically upwards. If it passes through a magnetic field which
is directed from south to north in a horizontal plane, then in which direction will the beam
deflect?
Answer. Using Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, electron beam will be deflected towards the west.

21. A charged particle enters at right angle into a uniform magnetic field as shown. What
should be the nature of charge on the particle if it begins to move in a direction pointing
vertically out of the page due to its interaction with the magnetic field?

Answer. Using Fleming’s left hand rule, the nature of charged particle is positive.
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I] [2 MARKS]

22. The given magnet is divided into three parts A, B, and C.

Name the parts where the strength of the magnetic field is: (i) maximum (ii) minimum.
How will the density of magnetic field lines differ at these parts?
Answer.
(i) Maximum strength – at A and C
(ii) Minimum strength – at B
At A and C, magnetic field lines are crowded while at B, they are spread out.

23. A compass needle is placed near a current-carrying wire. State your observation for the
following cases, and give reason for the same in each case.
(a) Magnitude of electric current in the wire is increased.
(b) The compass needle is displaced away from the wire.
Answer.
(a) Observation: The deflection of the needle increases.
Reason: Magnetic field strength due to current-carrying wire increases as current in the wire
increases,
(b) Observation: The deflection in the compass needle decreases as its displacement from the
current-carrying wire increases.
Reason: The strength of magnetic field reduces with the increase in distance from the wire as

24. (a) Two magnets are lying side by side as shown below.
Draw magnetic field line between poles P and Q.

(b) What does the degree of closeness of magnetic field lines near the poles signify?
Answer. (a)

(b) The degree of closeness of magnetic field lines near the poles signify that the field is stronger
there, i.e. the pole of another magnet when placed in the magnetic field experiences a greater
force where the field lines are crowded.

25. Insulation cover of which colour is conventionally used for earth wire? Why is an earth wire
connected to metallic parts of appliances?
Answer. For earth wire, green or yellow colour insulation is used. The earth wire provides the
low resistance conducting path for the current and maintains the potential of appliances body with
that of the earth. So, earth wire is used as a safety measure.
26. Magnetic field lines of two magnets are shown in fig. A and fig. B.

Select the figure that represents the correct pattern of field lines. Give reasons for your
answer. Also name the poles of the magnets facing each other.
Answer. Figure B represents the correct pattern of field lines. In figure A, field lines cross each
other which is not possible because if they cross each other, at the point of intersection, there
would be two directions of field lines.
In figure B, field lines are emerging in nature, so poles of magnet facing each other are north
poles while opposite faces will have south polarity.

27. Identify the poles of the magnet in the given figure (1) and (2).

Answer. Field lines emerge from north pole (N) and merge at the south pole (S) as shown in both
the figures

28. The magnetic field associated with a current-carrying straight conductor is in anticlockwise
direction. If the conductor was held along the east-west direction, what will be the direction
of current through it? Name and state the rule applied to determine the direction of current.
Answer. Direction of current – east to west as determined by Right-hand thumb rule.
Right Hand Thumb Rule: If we hold a current-carrying conductor by right hand in such a way
that the stretched thumb is along the direction of current, then the curly fingers around the
conductor represents the direction of field lines of magnetic field.

29. Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is
changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.
Answer. Yes, when a current in coil A changes, magnetic field lines linked with coil B also
change. Hence, due to change in number of magnetic field lines, there is an induced current in
coil B. ,

30. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a galvanometer. What would be seen if a bar magnet
with its north pole towards one face of the coil is
(i) moved quickly towards it,
(ii) moved quickly away from the coil and
(iii) placed near its one face?
Name the phenomenon involved.
 Answer.
(i) Deflection in the galvanometer needle will be more on right-side.
(ii) Larger deflection in opposite direction as compared to the case (i) will be seen. (Hi) No
deflection.
The phenomenon involved is electromagnetic induction.

31. Two coils A and B of insulated wires are kept close to each other. Coil A is connected to a
galvanometer while coil B is connected to a battery through a key. What would happen if
(i) a current is passed through coil B by plugging the key, and (ii) the current is stopped by
removing the plug from the key?
Explain your answer mentioning the name of the phenomenon involved.
Answer.In both the given cases, galvanometer shows momentary deflection but in opposite
direction. In coil A, magnetic field lines [increased in case (i) and decreased in case (ii)] induce a
potential difference across the coil A which sets up induced electric current in coil A. It is shown
by the deflection in galvanometer. This is known as electromagnetic induction.

32. An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220.V) that
has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
Answer. Current drawn by electric oven
P 2000 W
I   9.09 A
V 220 V
Current rating of the circuit = 5 A
So, fuse will blow off and power supply will cut off

33. When is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
largest?
Answer. When the length of current-carrying conductor and direction of magnetic field are
perpendicular to each other, the maximum force is experienced by the current-carrying conductor.

34. Why and when does a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience force?
List the factors on which direction of this force depends?
Answer. The drifting of free electrons of a conductor in a definite direction causes the current to
flow through it. When such conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field, each drifted electron
of a conductor experience a magnetic force. This force is collectively experience by a conductor
as a whole. Hence a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience a force. The
direction of magnetic force depends on
(i) direction of current through the conductor, and
(ii) direction of magnetic field.

35. How is the strength of magnetic field near a straight current-conductor

(i) related to the strength of current in the conductor?
(ii) is affected by changing the direction of flow of current in the conductor?
Answer.
(i) The strength of magnetic field around a straight current conductor increases
on increasing the strength of current in the conductor or vice versa.
(ii)The direction of magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor gets reversed if
the direction of current through that conductor is reversed.
36. How does the power of electric motor be enhanced?
Answer. The power of electric motor can be enhanced by
(i) using an electromagnet in place of permanent magnet.
(ii) increasing the number of turns in the coil and
(iii) using a soft iron core on which the coil is wound.
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3 MARKS]

37. Write one application of each of the following:

(a) Right-hand thumb rule (b) Fleming’s left hand rule
(c) Fleming’s right hand rule
Answer.
(a) Right-hand thumb rule is used to find the direction of magnetic field in a coil of wire and the
electric current in a straight conductor.
(b) Fleming’s left hand rule is used to find the direction of force exerted on a current-carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field as in electric motor.
(c) Fleming’s right hand rule is used to find the direction of induced current in a closed circuit
placed in changing magnetic field as in electric generator.

38. How will the magnetic field produced at a point due to a current-carrying circular coil
change if we:
(i) increase the current flowing through the coil?
(ii) reverse direction of current through the coil?
(iii) increase the number of turns in the coil?
Answer. Magnetic field (B) at the centre of the circular coil
(i) increases if the current is increased as B  I
(ii) reverses on reversing the current. .
(iii) increases if the number of turns in the coil increases as field is directly proportional to the
number of turns.

39. (a) Mention the factors on which the direction of force experienced by a
current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field depend.
(b) Under what condition is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in
a magnetic field maximum?
(c) A proton beam is moving along the direction of a magnetic field. What force is acting on
proton beam?
Answer. (a) The direction of force experienced by the current-carrying conductor depends on:
(i) direction of current and
(ii)direction of magnetic field.
(b) When the direction of current is at right angle to the direction of magnetic field, the force is
maximum.
(c) No force is experienced by the proton beam. As proton beam is moving along the direction of
magnetic field.

40. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar
magnet is (a) pushed into the coil,
(b) withdrawn from inside the coil,
(c) held stationary inside the coil?
Answer.
(a) When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil, magnetic field lines linked with
the coil changes (increases). It causes the electric current to get induced in it. The needle of
galvanometer will move momentarily in one direction.
(b) When a bar magnet is withdrawn from inside the coil, the magnetic field lines linked with the
coil changes but in decreasing order. Current will be induced in the coil which will be indicated
by deflection of needle in the galvanometer. The deflection is opposite to that in case (a). This
indicates that the direction of induced current is now opposite to the direction of induced current
in case (a).
(c) When bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, there is no deflection in the galvanometer.
 This is because there is no change in magnetic field lines linked with the coil. Hence, no induced
current will flow through the coil.

41. State the rule to determine the direction of a

(a) magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current,
(b) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field
which is perpendicular to it.
Answer.
(a) Direction of magnetic field produced around a straight current-carrying conductor is given by
right-hand thumb rule.
If we hold a current-carrying conductor in a right hand in such a way that the stretched thumb is
along the direction of current, then the curly fingers around the conductor represent the direction
of magnetic field lines.
(b) Direction of force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic
field which is perpendicular to it, is given by Fleming’s left hand rule.
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of left hand in such a way that they are mutually
perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points to the direction of magnetic field and the
middle finger points to the direction of current, then the thumb will point to the direction of
motion or the force acting on the conductor.

42. The direction of electric current passed through a vertical wire and through a horizontal
card is shown below:

Sketch the pattern of the magnetic field on the card around the wire. Indicate the direction
of the magnetic field at any one point. How would you check this direction experimentally?
Answer. The pattern of magnetic field lines on the card around the current carrying conductor for
the downward direction of current is shown. They are concentric in circle with their centre ties on
the axis of wire.
 Direction of magnetic field lines can be checked experimentally by placing a magnetic compass
needle any where on the card board. Direction of its North pole indicating the direction of
magnetic field.

43. What is meant by solenoid? How does a current carrying solenoid behave? Give its main
use.
Answer. Solenoid: A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical
insulating body (i.e., cardboard etc.) such that its length is greater than its diameter is called
solenoid.

When current is flowing through the solenoid, the magnetic field line pattern resembles exactly
with those of a bar magnet with the fixed polarity,
i.e. North and South pole at its ends and it acquires the directive and attractive properties similar
to bar magnet. Hence, the current carrying solenoid behave as a bar magnet.
Use of current carrying solenoid: It is used to form a temporary magnet called electromagnet as
well as permanent magnet.

44. For the current carrying solenoid as shown below, draw magnetic field lines and giving
reason explain that out of the three points A, B and C at which point the field strength is
maximum and at which point it is minimum.

Answer. Outside the solenoid magnetic field is minimum. At the ends of solenoid, magnetic field
strength is half to that inside it. So Minimum – at point B; Maximum – at point A

45. With the help of a diagram of experimental setup describe an activity to show that the force
acting on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field increases with increase in
field strength.
Answer.
Aim : To show that force acting on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
increases with the field strength.
Apparatus Required : Aluminium rod, stand horse shoe magnet of different intensity, cell, key and
connecting wires.
 Procedure :
i) Arrange the set-up as shown in figure.

ii) Plug the key, the current flowing through the rod from Q to P observe the displacement of rod.
iii) Now unplug the key and remove the first horse shoe magnet and place the second horse shoe
magnet of higher magnetic field strength in a similar manner to that of first.
iv) Plug the key, the current again flow through the rod from Q to P. Again observe the deflection
of rod.
v) Now bring both’the magnet closer together (to ensure greater magnetic field than that of
previous case). Again observe the motion of rod.
Observations : Each time, the conductor moves faster than that of previous one. It is possible
only when conductor gets accelerated more each time which required more force. (F = ma)
Thus, if the magnetic field strength is increased, the rod will experience a greater force and move
faster.
Conclusion : The force acting on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field increases
with increase in field strength.

46. What are magnetic field lines? Justify the following statements
(a) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves.
Answer.
Magnetic field lines: It is defined as the path along which the unit North pole (imaginary) tends to
move in a magnetic field if free to do so.
(a) The magnetic lines of force do not intersect (or cross) one another. If they do so then at the
point of intersection, two tangents can be drawn at that point which indicates that there will be
two different directions of the same magnetic which field, i.e. the compass needle points in two
different directions which is not possible.
(b) Magnetic field lines are closed continuous curves. They diverge from the north pole of a bar
magnet and converge its south pole. Inside the magnet they move from south pole to north pole.

47. Describe an activity to show that the magnetic field lines produced when current is passed
through the circular coil.
Answer.
Aim : To study the characteristics of magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil at
its centre.
Apparatus Required : Rectangular cardboard having two holes, Thick copper circular coils of
different radii having known number of turns, key, battery, rheostat, stand, iron filings.
Procedure :
 i) Pass the coil through the two holes of cardboard in such a way that half of the loop is above
the cardboard and remaining part should be below it and normal to the plane of cardboard.
ii) Connect the circuit as shown.

iii) Sprinkle iron filings uniformly on the cardboard.

iv) Allow the current to pass though the coil by inserting plug in the key.
v) Note the pattern of iron filings that emerges on the cardboard after tapping gently a few times.
(Observation).
vi) Place the compass at any point over the pattern of field. Observe the direction of needle.
(Observation 2).
Observations :
(a) Iron filings are arranged in the form of concentric circles.
(b) The concentric circles become larger and larger as we move away from the wire.
(c) At the centre of loop, lines are almost straight and perpendicular to the plane of the loop.

Conclusion :
i) The concentric circles at every point of a current carrying circular loop represent the
magnetic field around it.
ii) Magnetic field line close to the axis of loop is straight and is perpendicular to the plane of
the coil.
iii) Field lines keep on diverging as we move away from the centre of loop.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [5 MARKS]

48. (a) Describe activity with labelled diagram to show that a current carrying
conductor experience a force in a magnetic field.
(b) State the rule to determine the direction of force.
Answer.
(a) Without using a magnet, magnetic field can be produced by flowing the current through a
straight conductor or a solenoid.
Aim : To show that magnetic field exerts a force on a current carrying conductor.
Apparatus required : Aluminium rod, stand, strong horse shoe magnet, cell, key and connecting
 wires.

Procedure :
i) Hang the aluminium rod with the help of clamp stand such that it passes between the
North and South pole of the magnet with the magnetic field directed upwards and the rod
being horizontal and perpendicular to the field.
ii) Connect the aluminium rod in series with a battery, a key as shown in figure.
iii) Plug the key, the current flows through the rod from Q to P and observe the direction of
motion of the rod.
iv) Reverse the direction of current by reversing the battery connection. Again observe the
direction of displacement of aluminium rod.
v) Restore the original direction of current and change the direction of field vertically
downwards by interchanging the two poles of the magnet. Observe the deflection of rod
again.
vi) Place the wire parallel to magnetic field and allow the current to pass through it. Check the
deflection of rod again.
Observation :
i) On plugging the key in step 3, the aluminium rod moves towards left.
ii) In step 4, rod displaces towards right.
iii) In step 5, rod moves towards right again.
iv) In step 6, rod does not move in any direction.
Conclusion :
i) Magnetic field exerts a force on a current carrying conductor.
ii) The force exerted on the current carrying conductor depends upon the direction of current
and direction of magnetic field acting on it.
iii) Displacement of the rod or the magnetic force on it is largest when the direction of current
is at right angle to the direction of magnetic field.
iv) When current carrying conductor is placed parallel to the magnetic field, it experiences no
force.
(b) Direction of force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a
magnetic field which is perpendicular to it is given by Fleming’s left hand rule.
Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of left hand in such a way that they are
mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of magnetic
field and the middle finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point in the
direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.
49. (a) Describe an activity to demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a straight
conductor carrying current.
(b) State the rule to find the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying
conductor.
(c) What is the shape of a current carrying conductor whose magnetic field
pattern resembles that of a bar-magnet ?
Answer.
(a) Aim : To study the magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor.
Apparatus Required : A thick conducting wire, battery, rheostat, magnetic needle, ammeter (0-5
A), key, a cardboard, a stand to hold the wire, iron filings and sprinkler of iron filings.
Procedure :
i) Attach the thick wire through a hole at the middle of the cardboard and clamp it in a stand.
ii) Attach the ends of the wire through a key, variable resistor and an ammeter on either side of a
battery and hold it vertically and perpendicularly to the board.
iii) Spread the iron filings uniformly on the cardboard and place the magnetic needle on the
board.
iv) Close the key and tap the cardboard slightly and observe the orientation of iron filings.

Observation :
Just on closing the key, the iron filings are aligned in the pattern of concentric circles around the
wire.
Conclusion :
i) Current carrying conductor is a source of magnetic field.
ii) The magnetic field is in the form of concentric circles whose centre lies on the wire.
(b) Right-Hand Thumb Rule. This rule is used to find the direction of magnetic field due to a
straight current carrying wire.

It states that if we hold the current carrying-conductor in the right hand in such a way that the
thumb is stretched along the direction of current, then the curly finger around the conductor
represent the direction of magnetic field produced by it. This is known as right-hand thumb
rule.
 Direction of Field Lines due to current carrying straight conductor is as shown in figure.
(c) Solenoid.
50. (a) Explain why there are two separate circuits one for high power rating appliances and
other for low power rating appliances.
(b) A domestic circuit has 5A fuse. How many bulbs of rating 100W, 220V can be safely
used in this circuit? Justify your answer.
Answer.
(a) Two separate circuits are formed in the domestic wiring, one for high power rating appliances
called power circuit and other for low power rating called lightning circuit.
Power circuit: The circuit which draw heavy current (15 A) from mains and used for high power
rating devices such as microwave, oven, air conditioners, geysers, washing machine, etc., is
known as power circuit. Lightning circuit: The circuit which draw small amount of current from
the mains and used for low power rating devices such as bulb, tube light, fans, T.V., Computer,
etc. having a current rating of 5 A is known as lightning circuit.

51. (i) Design an activity with the help of two nails, very thin aluminium strip, a 12 V Battery
and a key to illustrates.
(ii) Cable of a microwave oven has three wires inside it which have insulation of different
colours black, green and red. Mention the significance of the three colours and potential
difference between red and black one.
Answer.
(a) Aim: How electric fuse works?
Apparatus required : Two nails, card board, very thin aluminium strip, a 12 V battery, key and
connecting wires.
Procedure:
Insert the two nails vertically on the card board.
Take very thin aluminium strip and tie it between the nails.
Make a circuit as shown in figure with 12 V battery and key with the help of connecting wires.
 If there are any fans running in the room, switch them off.
Now switch on the current in the circuit by pressing the key or by moving the switch of the ‘ON’
position.
Now pass the current through the circuit for some time. Observe the strand of aluminium strip
between the two nails carefully.
Observation: The strand of aluminum strip melt and break quickly on passing the large electric
current through it.
Conclusion: When current flows through the circuit, exceed the rating of aluminium strip, i.e.
safe limit, its temperature increases. This make it overheated. As a result, aluminium strip melts
and breaks the circuit. Hence, very thin aluminium strip between the two nails acts as a fuse wire.
This activity shows that how fuse works.
(b) Significance of insulation colour:
Red colour insulation wire – Live wire
Black colour insulation wire – Neutral wire
Green colour insulation wire – Earth wire
Live wire is at higher potential of 220 V while neutral wire is at zero potential. So, potential
difference between red and black insulation wire is 220 V.

52. Two coils C1 and C2are wrapped around a non conducting cylinder. Coil C1is connected to
a battery and key and C2 with galvanometer G. On pressing the key (K), current starts
flowing in the coil C1State your observation in the galvanometer:

(i) When key K is pressed on

(ii) When current in the coil C1 is switched off.
(iii) When the current is passed continuously through coil C1
(iv) Name and state the phenomenon responsible for the above observation. Write the name
of the rule that is used to determine the direction of current produced in the phenomena.
Answer.
(i) When key is pressed on, the galvanometer needle deflects momentarily in one direction.
(ii) When the current in the coil C1 is switched off, the galvanometer needle deflects again
momentarily but in opposite direction to that in the previous case.
(iii) When current is passed continuously through coil C1 , no deflection is observed in the
galvanometer.
(iv) The phenomenon responsible for the above observations is electromagnetic induction.
Electromagnetic Induction: The process, by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor
induces a current in another conductor placed nearby, is called electromagnetic induction.
• Fleming’s right hand rule is used to determine the direction of current produced in the
phenomena of electroynagnetic induction.

53. Two coils of insulated copper wire are wound over a non -conducting cylinder as shown.
Coil I has larger number of turns.
(i) Write your observations when,
(a) key K is closed,
(b) key K is opened.
 (ii)When the current is passed continuously through coil I.
Give reason for your observations.
(iii)Name and state the phenomenon responsible for the above observation.
(iv) Write the name of the rule that is used to determine the direction of current produced in
the phenomenon.
(v) Name the two coils used in this experiment.
Answer.
(i) (a) When key is closed, the galvanometer needle deflects momentarily in one direction. ,
Reason: When key is closed, magnetic field lines around coil 2 increases momentarily. This
causes an induced current to flow through it and hence deflection occurs in one direction.
(b) When key is opened, the galvanometer needle deflects again momentarily but in opposite
direction.
Reason: When key is open, magnetic field lines around coil 2 decreases momentarily. This
causes an induced current to flow in opposite direction. Hence, deflection occurs in opposite
direction.
(ii) When current is passed continuously through coil I, no deflection is observed in the
galvanometer.
Reason: There will be no change in magnetic field lines passing through the coil 2. Hence, no
induced current will be set up in coil 2.
(iii) The phenomenon observed in above cases is electromagnetic induction. It is a process by
which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor placed
nearby.
(iv) Fleming’s right hand rule
(v) Coil I – Primary coil Coil II – Secondary coil

54. Observe the figure given below and answer the following questions:
(a) Write the special name given to the coil AB which has many circular turns of insulated
copper wire.

(b) State the nature of magnetic field inside AB when a current is passed through it.
(c) Redraw the diagram and sketch the pattern of magnetic field lines through and around
AB.
(d) List two factors on which the strength of the magnetic field produced by AB depends.
(e) What is the effect of placing an iron core in the coil AB?
Answer.
(a) Solenoid.
(b) Uniform magnetic field.
 (d) (i) Magnitude of current flowing through it.
(ii) Number of turns of a circular coil.
(e) It becomes an electromagnet.

55. (a) Describe an activity to demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a straight
conductor carrying current.
(b) State the rule to find the direction of magnetic field associated with a current-carrying
conductor.
(c) What is the shape of a current-carrying conductor whose magnetic field pattern
resembles that of a bar-magnet?
Answer.
(a) Aim: To study the magnetic field due to a straight current-carrying conductor.
Apparatus Required: A thick conducting wire, battery, rheostat, magnetic needle, ammeter (0-5
A), key, a cardboard, a stand to hold the wire, iron filings and sprinkler of iron filings.
Procedure:
Attach the thick wire through a hole at the middle of the cardboard and clamp it in a stand.
Attach the ends of the wire through a key, variable resistor and an ammeter. on either side of a
battery and hold it vertically and perpendicularly to the board.
Spread the iron filings uniformly on the cardboard and place the magnetic needle on the board.
Close the key and tap the cardboard slightly and observe the orientation of iron filings.

Observation: Just on closing the key, the iron filings are aligned in the pattern of concentric
circles around the wire.
Conclusion: A current-carrying conductor is a source of magnetic field.
The magnetic field is in the form of concentric circles whose centre lies on the wire.
(b)Right – Hand thumb Rule: Hold the current-Carrying wire in your right hand, such that the
thumb indicates the direction of current, then the folded fingers will indicate the direction of
magnetic field (lines) surrounding the wire.
 (c) Solenoid.
56. (a) Draw a diagram to represent a uniform magnetic field in a given region.
(b) List two properties of magnetic field lines.
Answer.
(a) Equidistant parallel line indicates a uniform magnetic field in a given region.

(b) Properties of magnetic field lines are:

The magnetic field lines of a magnet form continuous closed loops, i.e. outside the magnet, they
emerge from north pole and merge at the south pole and inside the magnet, the direction of field
lines is from its south pole to its north pole.
The degree of closeness of field lines indicates the strength of magnetic field.
Field lines never cross each other.
57. (i)With the help of an activity, explain the method of inducing electric current in a coil with
a moving magnet. State the rule used to find the direction of electric current thus generated
in the coil.
(ii) Two circular coils P and Q are kept close to each other, of which coil P carries a current.
What will you observe in Q
(a) if current in the coil P is changed?
(b) if both the coils are moved in the same direction with the same speed? Give reason.
Answer.
(i) Take a coil AB of wire having a large number of turns.
Connect the ends of coil to a sensitive galvanometer as shown in figure.

Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole towards the end ‘A’ of coil. The deflection in
the needle of galvanometer indicates that the induced current flows in the circuit in anticlockwise
direction. The end A of the coil behaves as a north pole.
When north pole of the magnet moves away from the coil, the deflection in the galvanometer
 occurs but in opposite direction.
Similar observations can be made when south pole of the magnet is moved towards the coil or
away from it.
When magnet is kept at rest with respect to the coil, the deflection in the needle of galvanometer
drops to zero.
Thus, the motion of a magnet, with respect to the coil, produces an induced potential difference
which sets up an induced electric current in the circuit.
The direction of electric current thus generated in the coil can be found by using the Fleming’s
right-hand rule.
(ii)Fleming’s right-hand rule: Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of right hand in
such a way that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger indicates the
direction of magnetic field and thumb shows the direction of motion of the conductor, then the
middle finger will indicate the direction of induced current.
(a) If current in the coil P is changed, the magnetic field lines of forces linked with coil Q also
change. So, induced potential difference is set up in the coil Q. This results in induced electric
current in coil Q which opposes the change in current in coil P.
(b) If both the coils are moved in the same direction with the same speed, there will be no relative
motion between them and hence, there will be no change in magnetic field lines of force
associated with the secondary coil. Hence, no current will be induced in the coil.
58. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the paper. Let the current
pass through the loop clockwise. With the help of a diagram, explain how the direction of
the magnetic field can be determined inside and outside the loop. Name the law used to find
the direction of magnetic field.
Answer. Consider a circular loop of wire of radius r with centre O lying in the plane of the paper.
Let the current i pass through the loop clockwise. According to right hand thumb rule, direction of
magnetic field due to any portion of small current carrying length of the coil is:
Direction of magnetic field inside the loop — Perpendicular to the plane of paper inwards.
Direction of magnetic field outside the loop — Perpendicular to the plane of paper outwards.

So, the direction of magnetic field can be considered as the direction of total magnetic field due to
circular coil as current through all the elements will contribute to the magnetic field in the same
direction.
59. Why is pure iron not used for making permanent magnets? Name one material used for
making permanent magnets. Describe how permanent magnets are made electrically. State
two examples of electrical instruments made by using permanent magnets.
Answer.
 Pure iron cannot retain its magnetism for long time. Hence it cannot be used for making
permanent magnet.
 Cobalt-steel or some alloys of iron such as ALNICO are used for making permanent
magnet.
 Formation of permanent magnet electrically A current carrying solenoid is used to
magnetise steel rod. Steel rod is kept inside the solenoid. A strong uniform magnetic field
produced by the current carrying solenoid magnetise it. The magnet so formed retains the
magnetism even after switching off the current in solenoid.
 Permanent magnets are used in (i) Galvanometer and (ii) loudspeaker
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 Mark]

1. The magnetic field lines produced by a bar magnet :

(a) originate from the south pole and end at its north pole
(b) originate from the north pole and end at its east pole
(c) originate from the north pole and end at its south pole
(d) originate from the south pole and end at its west pole

2. The magnetic field lines :

(a) intersect at right angles to one another
(b) intersect at an angle of 45° to each other
(c) do not cross one another
(d) cross at an angle of 60° to one another

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding magnetic field lines ?

(a) The direction of magnetic field at a point is taken to be the direction in which the north pole of
a magnetic compass needle points.
(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves
(c) If magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength
(d) Relative strength of magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field lines

4. The strength of the magnetic field between the poles of an electromagnet would be unchanged if :
(a) current in the electromagnet winding were doubled
(b) direction of current in electromagnet winding were reversed
(c) distance between the poles of electromagnet were doubled
(d) material of the core of electromagnet were changed
5. The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid carrying current :
(a) is zero
(b) decreases as we move towards its end.
(c) increases as we move towards its end.
(d) is the same at all points.
6. Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight wire ?
(a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire.
(b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.
(c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire.
(d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire.
7. The north-south polarities of an electromagnet can be found easily by using :
(a) Fleming’s right-hand rule (b) Fleming’s left-hand rule
(c) Clock face rule (d) Left-hand thumb rule
8. The direction of current in the coil at one end of an electromagnet is clockwise. This end of the
electromagnet will be :
(a) north pole (b) east pole (c) south pole (d) west pole

9. If the direction of electric current in a solenoid when viewed from a particular end is
anticlockwise, then this end of solenoid will be :
(a) west pole (b) south pole (c) north pole (d) east pole

10. An electric motor is a device which transforms :

(a) mechanical energy to electrical energy (b) heat energy to electrical energy
(c) electrical energy to heat energy only (d) electrical energy to mechanical energy

11. A current flows in a wire running between the S and N poles of a magnet lying horizontally as
shown in Figure below :

The force on the wire due to the magnet is directed :

(a) from N to S (b) from S to N (c) vertically downwards (d) vertically upwards

12. A magnetic field exerts no force on :

(a) an electric charge moving perpendicular to its direction (b) an unmagnetised iron bar
(c) a stationary electric charge (d) a magnet

13. An electron beam enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in the Figure.

The direction of force acting on the electron beam will be :

(a) to the left (b) to the right (c) into the page (d) out of the page

14. Choose the incorrect statement from the following regarding magnetic lines of field
(a) The direction of magnetic field at a point is taken to be the direction in which the north pole of
a magnetic compass needle points
(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves
(c) If magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength
(d) Relative strength of magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field lines
15. If the key in the arrangement (see below Figure) is taken out (the circuit is made open) and
magnetic field lines are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, the lines are

(a) concentric circles

(b) elliptical in shape
(c) straight lines parallel to each other
(d) concentric circles near the point O but of elliptical shapes as we go away from it

16. A circular loop placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of paper carries a current when the
key is ON. The current as seen from points A and B (in the plane of paper and on the axis of the
coil) is anti clockwise and clockwise respectively. The magnetic field lines point from B to A.
The N-pole of the resultant magnet is on the face close to

(a) A (b) B
(c) A if the current is small, and B if the current is large
(d) B if the current is small and A if the current is large

17. Commercial electric motors do not use

(a) an electromagnet to rotate the armature
(b) effectively large number of turns of conducting wire in the current carrying coil
(c) a permanent magnet to rotate the armature
(d) a soft iron core on which the coil is wound
18. For a current in a long straight solenoid N- and S-poles are created at the two ends. Among the
following statements, the incorrect statement is
(a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines which indicates that the
magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid
(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the coil
(c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the pattern of
the magnetic field around a bar magnet
(d) The N- and S-poles exchange position when the direction of current through the solenoid is
reversed

19. A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown in see
below Figure. In the field an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron and the proton
experience

(a) forces both pointing into the plane of paper

(b) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper
(c) forces pointing into the plane of paper and out of the plane of paper, respectively
(d) force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field respectively

20. In the arrangement shown in see below Figure there are two coils wound on a non-conducting
cylindrical rod. Initially the key is not inserted. Then the key is inserted and later removed. Then

(a) the deflection in the galvanometer remains zero throughout

(b) there is a momentary deflection in the galvanometer but it dies out shortly and there is no
effect when the key is removed
(c) there are momentary galvanometer deflections that die out shortly; the deflections are in the
same direction
(d) there are momentary galvanometer deflections that die out shortly; the deflections are in
opposite directions
21. Choose the incorrect statement
(a) Fleming’s right-hand rule is a simple rule to know the direction of induced current
(b) The right-hand thumb rule is used to find the direction of magnetic fields due to current
carrying conductors
(c) The difference between the direct and alternating currents is that the direct current always
flows in one direction, whereas the alternating current reverses its direction periodically
(d) In India, the AC changes direction after every 1/50 second

22. The strength of magnetic field inside a long current carrying straight solenoid is
(a) more at the ends than at the centre (b) minimum in the middle
(c) same at all points (d) found to increase from one end to the other

23. A constant current flows in a horizontal wire in the plane of the paper from east to west as shown
in see below Figure. The direction of magnetic field at a point will be North to South

(a) directly above the wire

(b) directly below the wire
(c) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the north side of the wire
(d) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the south side of the wire

24. The most important safety method used for protecting home appliances from short circuiting or
overloading is
(a) earthing (b) use of fuse (c) use of stabilizers (d) use of electric meter

25. An induced current is produced when a magnet is moved into a coil. The magnitude of induced
current does not depend on :
(a) the speed with which the magnet is moved
(b) the number of turns of the coil
(c) the resistivity of the wire of the coil
(d) the strength of the magnet

Prepared by:- Dr. Vishal Mehta