Question 1. Please correct the statements given below and rewrite them.

(a) Stem absorbs minerals and water from the soil.

(b) Leaves hold the plant upright.

(c) Roots conduct water to the leaves.

(d) The number of sepals and petals in a flower is always equal.

(e) If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is joined to the petal.

(f) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are also joined together.

Answer 1 :

(a) Roots absorb minerals and water from the soil.

(b) Roots hold the plant upright.

(c) The stem conducts water to the leaves.

(d) The number of sepals and petals in a flower is usually equal.

(e) If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is not necessarily joined to the petal.

(f) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are not necessarily joined together.

Question 2. What are the functions of a stem in a plant?

Answer 2: The primary function of the stem includes supporting the leaves, transporting water and nutrients to
various parts of the plant from the roots, particularly the leaves, where photosynthesis may turn them into
useful products, and supporting the leaves. It bears leaves, flowers and fruits.

Question 3. Write the names of the parts of a flower in sequence, from outside to
inside.
Answer 3: The names of the parts of a flower in sequence, from outside to inside, are:

(i) Sepals

(ii) Petals

(iii) Stamens

(iv) Pistil
 Question 4. What are the major parts of plants?
Answer 4: The major parts of plants are :

 Stem
 Root
 Leaves
 Flowers

Question 5. Define petiole.

Answer 5: The petiole is a stalk that connects the blade with the leaf base.

Question 6. What is transpiration?

Answer 6: The loss of water vapour through a plant’s stomata is a process known as transpiration.

Question 7. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?

Answer 7: The raw materials for photosynthesis are

(i) Sunlight

(ii) Water

(iii) Carbon dioxide

(iv) Chlorophyll

Question 8. Which of the leaves given below have reticulate venation?

Maize, wheat, tulsi, grass, coriander (dhania), china rose.

Answer 8: Leaves of tulsi, coriander and china rose.

Question 9. What are the functions of leaves?

Answer 9: The functions of leaves are:

 Through the process of photosynthesis, the leaves prepare food for the plant.
 In plants, the respiration process is carried out by the leaves.
 Question 10. What is lamina?
Answer 10: The lamina is the flat green part of a leaf specialised for photosynthesis.

Question 11. What are climbers?

Answer 11: Climbers are plants that use the support of surrounding structures to ascend. Their stem is fragile.

Question 12. Demonstrate an activity to show that the stem conducts water and
other substances.
Answer 12:

Activity to show that stem conducts water and other substances:

 Fill a glass with water.

 Drop some red ink into the water.
 Cut the herb plant’s stem at the base.
 Put it in the glass.
 We will observe that the stem turns red in some areas.
 This activity shows that the stem conducts water.

Question 13. If a plant has fibrous roots, what type of venation do its leaves have?
Answer 13: The leaves should have parallel venation. Examples of parallel venation are wheat, grass, maize etc.

Question 14. Which of the following below is not the primary function of the stem?
(a) Bears flowers and fruits

(b) Photosynthesis

(c) Conduction of water

(d) Formation of branches

Answer 14: (b)

Explanation: Photosynthesis is the primary function of the leaf and not the function of the stem.
 Question 15. Read the following sentences about photosynthesis and choose the
right pair of sentences that are true to photosynthesis.
(i) Sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water are necessary.

(ii) Oxygen is absorbed.

(iii) Leaves carry out photosynthesis.

(iv) Proteins are made during photosynthesis.

(a) (iii) and (iv)

(b) (i) and (iii)

(c) (ii) and (iv)

(d) (i) and (iv)

Answer 15: (b) (i) and (iii)

Explanation: Oxygen is released during photosynthesis. Carbohydrates are made during photosynthesis, not
proteins.

Question 16. Which of the following given below is not a correct match?
1. a) Lamina: flat green part of a leaf
2. b) Petiole: attaches the leaf to stem
3. c) Veins: transpiration
4. d) Margin: gives shape to the leaf
Answer 16: c) Veins: transpiration.

Explanation: Veins support the leaf and transport water, minerals, and food in the leaf.

Question 17. Boojho wanted to identify the presence of starch in leaves. He did the
following steps given below.
(1) He put a leaf in water and boiled it.

(2) He placed the leaf in a petri dish and poured some iodine over it.

He did not get the expected result. Which step did he miss? Explain.

Answer 17: To eliminate chlorophyll and reveal the leaf’s natural green colour, the leaf must first be boiled in
water before being heated in alcohol. Boojho failed to remove the chlorophyll from the leaf by boiling it
in spirit (alcohol); hence he did not achieve the desired outcome (i.e. change in colour of the leaf).
 Question 18. Name one plant which has reticulate venation.
Answer 18: Marigold

Question 19. Is it possible to compare a plant’s stem to two-way traffic? Give

reason(s).
Answer 19: Yes. This is because food goes downward in the stem while water and minerals move upward. The
stem transports minerals and water from the plant’s root to its leaves and other sections (upward). The
food that the leaves prepare passes through the stem and is stored in various locations (downward).

Question 20. Mention the green pigment present in the leaves of a plant.
Answer 20: Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in the leaves of a plant.

Question 21. Find out the wrong statements and correct them.
(a) The visible parts of a bud are the petals.

(b) Anther is a part of the pistil.

(c) Leaves perform the function of transpiration only.

(d) Lateral roots are present in a tap root.

Answer 21:

(a) Wrong – The visible parts of a bud are the sepals.

(b) Wrong – Anther is a part of the stamen.

(c) Wrong – Leaves perform transpiration and other functions, including photosynthesis, gaseous exchange
through stomata, etc.

(d) Correct

Question 22. Name the three types of plants.

Answer 22: The three types of plants are :

 Herbs
 Shrubs
 Trees
 Question 23. What are shrubs?
Answer 23: Medium-sized plants known as shrubs have branched stems that are bushy and hard but not --
particularly thick. Near the base, their stem branches out. Examples of shrubs are jasmine rose, lemon, henna, etc.

Question 24. What is root? List the main functions of the root.
Answer 24: Water and minerals are taken up by the roots and transported to the stems. They serve as a plant’s
support system, food storage, and anchor.

The main functions of the root are :

 Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

 It anchors the plant to the soil.
 It conducts absorbed water and nutrients to stem
 It helps in the storage of food
 It helps the plant to stand erect.

Question 25: Of the following plants, which of them have flowers?

Grass, maize, wheat, chilli, tomato, tulsi, peepal, shisham, banyan, mango, Jamun, guava, pomegranate,
papaya, banana, lemon, sugarcane, potato, and groundnut.

Answer 25: All the plants listed above produce flowers.

Question 26. Mention the part of the plant which produces food. Name this process.
Answer 26: The leaf is the part of the plant which produces food. The process of producing food by leaf is called
photosynthesis.

Question 27. Name two flowers, each with joined and separated sepals.
Answer 27:

Flowers with joined sepals:

(i) Datura

(ii) cotton

Flowers with separate sepals:

(i) Rose (ii) Mustard

 Question 28. Name two plants that belong to herbs.
Answer 28: Two plants that belong to herbs are:

 Wheat
 Tomato