DOG POPULATION MANAGEMENT AND

RABIES CONTROL POLICY

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

“Roving dogs do not show compassion and civilization in society; they betray
instead the lethargy and ignorance of its members”

Mahatma Gandhi

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

Foreword
Acclaimed danseuse and animal lover, Rukmini Devi Arundale, introduced the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals Act in 1960, making India one of the first countries, globally, to provide
rights to domestic animals so that they may be protected by law against cruelty and
suffering caused by ill treatment, neglect and abandonment.
To control stray dog populations and eradicate rabies, India adopted the Animal Birth
Control Programme (“ABC Programme”) in 1994. However, despite ABC Programme
implementation for over two decades, India’s stray dog population has multiplied to a
staggering estimate of 60 million and India continues to report about 40% of the world’s
human rabies deaths according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As in other rabies
endemic countries, the WHO identifies the largest reservoir of rabies in India as the dog
population.
Over the last two decades the stray dog problem has remained polarised over the ‘kill or no-
kill’ issue and there has been a sharp rise in human-dog conflict. The existing policy has not
been able to check the source of stray dogs, the spread of rabies, and dog attacks on
people, livestock and wildlife. Also, retaliatory attacks on dogs are being increasingly
reported, suggesting that the problem has reached dangerously unmanageable proportions.
Due to the lack of an effective policy and the enforcement of responsible dog ownership in
India, the majority of pet dogs are free-roaming with no fertility control. For the most part,
these dogs are the main source of the stray dog problem. Unowned, feral or semi-feral
populations are known to have very poor pup survival rates as well as a low average
lifespan. Unfortunately, this is the segment of dogs that the current ABC Programme
focuses on. Indeed, any intervention, including lethal population control, will not have any
impact, without the source being fixed simultaneously.
Furthermore, even though rabies is endemic in India, there is no targeted effort at the
correct segment of the dog population, and instead time, energy, money and efforts are
misdirected and wasted on neutering dogs that cannot be caught for sustained re-
immunisation. Both human and dog populations can only benefit if the right method is
applied to the right segment of the dog population.
This proposed new policy puts the safety of the general public first, while at the same time
ensuring that the welfare of dogs (as well as other animals), is also addressed. Animal
welfare interventions in dog population management and rabies control measures should
focus on unclaimed dogs caught by civic authorities. In order to prevent the suffering of
these unwanted dogs due to homelessness and/or their elimination, animal welfare
organizations should provide shelter for them, because they cannot be released back to the
streets.

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Acknowledgement
In this document, the authors have adapted/reproduced text, with permission, from certain
publications, which are referenced in page footnotes using these terms:
 “European Convention” refers to ‘European Convention for Protection of Pet Animals,
1987 by the Council of Europe: © Council of Europe’;
 “ICAMC Guidance” refers to ‘ICAM (2007) Humane dog population management
guidance, (www.icam-coalition.org) by the International Companion Animal
Management Coalition (comprising The Alliance for Rabies Control, Humane Society
International, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Royal Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals International, World Small Animal Veterinary Association and The
World Society for the Protection of Animals)’;
 “OIE Code” refers to ‘Extract of the English version of the online OIE Terrestrial Animal
Health Code (http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-
code/access-online/) by the World Organisation of Animal Health’;
 “WHO Guidelines” refers to ‘Guidelines of Dog Population Management, 1990 by the
World Health Organisation and the World Society for the Protection of Animals [URL
http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/61417 accessed on March 28, 2018]’.
Additionally, the authors have adapted/reproduced texts from certain legislations/rules,
which are referenced in page footnotes using these terms:
 “Dangerous Dogs Act (UK)” refers to ‘Dangerous Dogs Act, 1991, the United Kingdom’s
enactment 1991 Chapter 65 dated July 25, 1991’;
 “Environmental Protection Act (UK)” refers ‘Environmental Protection Act, 1990, the
United Kingdom’s enactment 1990 Chapter 43 dated November 1, 1990’; and
 “The ABC Rules” refers to ‘The Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001, the Government
of India, Ministry of Culture’s notification number G.S.R.816(E) dated November 2,
2001’.
Apart from the above-mentioned sources, the proposals contained in this document are the
outcome of extensive study, research and experience of the authors.

Cover painting by Damini Uniyal

Authors
T. A. Ramkumar, Director & Co-Founder, Humane Foundation for People and Animals.
Meghna Uniyal, Director & Co-Founder, Humane Foundation for People and Animals.
Dr. Abi Tamim Vanak, PhD, Fellow (Associate Prof) Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and
the Environment (ATREE).

Copyright © 2018 Humane Foundation for People and Animals

Email: [email protected]

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Executive Summary
Globally, the problems associated with free roaming dogs are a major public health issue,
costing governments millions of dollars in dog attacks and post bite treatments, accidents
and rabies. The health risks for human beings result primarily from the existence of a large
number of free roaming dogs, which can act as carriers of dangerous infectious diseases,
including rabies and cannot be accessed accurately and annually for re-immunisation
campaigns.
The concept of dog ownership in most of the developing world may not be identical to dog
ownership in developed countries. However, for true dog welfare, the interests of dogs are
best served under human companionship; and as stewards and benefactors of this
relationship, humans are responsible for their welfare and well-being. At the same time, it
should be recognised that dogs are wolf-like carnivores, and can be dangerous animals,
especially if they lead feral or semi-feral lives in public spaces or in rural and wilderness
areas.
Civic laws across India require local authorities to (a) keep the streets free of straying
animals, (b) check the spread of diseases and (c) prevent public nuisance. Therefore, this
policy helps authorities exercise their duties in protecting the public from rabies and dog
attacks, thereby reducing government expenditure on a public health issue and preventing
public nuisance. At the same time, it also promotes the welfare of animals by promoting
responsible ownership of dogs and alleviating the suffering of homeless dogs.
The policy is intended and designed to help in the planning and execution of programmes
that are effective in reducing the problems caused by excessive dog populations and are, at
the same time, beneficial to dogs. It therefore does the following:
 Recognises the fact that dog and rabies control is the responsibility of the State
 Uses both preventive and active measures to manage and control dog populations
 Directs infrastructural and economic resources towards pets, that are a source of
straying dog populations, thereby closing the tap rather than mopping up the floor
As such, the policy offers holistic, scientific and humane legislation for dog population
control, including other related issues with straying dogs:
 their conflicts with people, livestock and wildlife
 management interventions by the civic authorities
 specific measures to control rabies and dog attacks
 the responsibilities of all stakeholders involved
This policy has drawn upon the best global practices and legislations on dog population
management and rabies control, by adapting them to the Indian requirements, and is in
conformity with existing legislations passed by the Indian parliament and state legislatures
in relation to public health, disease control, public nuisances and animal welfare.

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 Contents
Statement of Objects and Reasons .................................................................... 6
Aims of Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy ............... 6
Principles of dog population management................................................. 6
Human behaviour ...................................................................................... 7
Steps involved in dog population management ......................................... 8
Access to resources .................................................................................... 8
Registration and identification ................................................................... 9
Vaccination .............................................................................................. 10
Neutering ................................................................................................. 12
Euthanasia ............................................................................................... 15
Rabies control .......................................................................................... 16
Aggression in dogs and dog attacks .......................................................... 16
Animal welfare organisations ................................................................... 17
Civic authorities ....................................................................................... 17
Government ............................................................................................. 17
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy ................................. 18
Definitions................................................................................................ 18
Monitoring Committee ............................................................................ 19
Responsibilities of the Monitoring Committee ......................................... 20
Responsibilities of Local Authority ........................................................... 21
Responsibilities of the Board .................................................................... 22
Registration and identification ................................................................. 24
Capturing dogs ......................................................................................... 24
Surgical operations................................................................................... 26
Vaccination .............................................................................................. 27
Neutering ................................................................................................. 27
Dangerous dogs ....................................................................................... 28
Euthanasia ............................................................................................... 29
Trading, boarding and sale ....................................................................... 30
Dog pounds .............................................................................................. 31

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 Obligations of owners .............................................................................. 32
Feeding of dogs in public places ............................................................... 34
Notice of rabies ........................................................................................ 34
Enquiry ..................................................................................................... 34
Infected area ............................................................................................ 35
Control of dogs......................................................................................... 35
Detention or destruction.......................................................................... 36
Detention and isolation............................................................................ 36
Seizure, detention and disposal of dogs not under control ...................... 37
Offences ................................................................................................... 38
Enforcement ............................................................................................ 38
Protocol for Dog Population Management ...................................................... 41

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Statement of Obj ects a nd Rea sons

1. Aims of Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

(a) to recognise that dog population management and rabies control is State
responsibility and it must formulate and implement a policy for the same;
(b) to recognise that dogs are domestic, companion animals, that have a right
to live in an environment where they are taken care of by an owner, and
supervised in a manner that caters to the needs of this species, including
being provided food, water and shelter;
(c) to encourage responsible ownership of dogs;1
(d) to balance supply and demand so that the number of dogs produced will
match the number wanted by the owners or potential owners;2
(e) to implement both preventive and active measures to reduce straying dog
populations, over-production of dogs and control the spread of diseases
from dogs to dogs and dogs to humans;
(f) to reduce access to resources that encourage dogs to roam;3
(g) to reduce the risks presented by the current roaming dog population to the
community, like dog attacks and rabies, accidents and to avoid poor welfare
of the current roaming and unowned dog population;4
(h) to assist in the creation and maintenance of a rabies immune or rabies free
dog population;
(i) to reduce the risk of zoonotic diseases other than rabies;
(j) to manage other risks to human health (e.g. parasites);
(k) to prevent harm to the environment and other animals (livestock and
wildlife).
2. Principles of dog population management
(a) Dog population management and rabies control is a public health issue and
is the responsibility of the state.
(b) The promotion of responsible dog ownership can significantly reduce the
numbers of roaming, unowned dogs and the incidence of zoonotic
diseases.5
(c) Planning and executing a scientific and humane legislation, helps reduce
government expenditure on managing the conflict – capturing, transporting
or maintaining ownerless dogs, maintenance of dog pounds and
expenditure on rabies, post bite vaccination and accidents caused due to
free roaming dogs.

1
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 8 to 11
2
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 8 to 11
3
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 8 to 11
4
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 8 to 11
5
Reproduced from OIE Code, Article 7.7.1

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

(d) Owners have a duty to provide sufficient and appropriate care for their
dogs and their offspring.
(e) Because dog ecology is linked with human activities, control of dog
populations has to be accompanied by changes in human behaviour, to be
effective.1
3. Human behaviour2
Human attitudes and behaviour
Human behaviour is one of the most powerful forces behind dog population
dynamics. The encouraging of responsible and the subsequent rewarding
human-dog interactions, will lead to, both, an improvement in dog welfare and
a reduction in many of the sources of roaming dogs. The pet dog population is a
significant source of roaming dogs and may suffer from many preventable
welfare problems, and human behaviour towards dogs is the driving force
behind these problems.
Issues to be considered when exploring human attitudes and behaviour:
(a) Local beliefs and attitudes may affect human behaviour towards dogs. It
may be possible to address these beliefs to change behavioural outcomes.
For example, the erroneous belief that mating and reproducing is important
or necessary for the well-being of a dog, can be addressed through
education and examples of neutered dogs, thus encouraging owners to
seek neutering for their dogs.
(b) Keep messages about human behaviour consistent. The interventions
should encourage responsible and rewarding human-dog interactions. For
example, demonstrating respectful and careful handling of dogs will help to
encourage empathetic and respectful attitudes in the local population.
(c) Interventions to change human behaviour should be tailored carefully to
the target audience as different methodologies will be required for
different ages and cultures. It is important to understand the most effective
ways of communicating to each target audience.
(d) Because human behaviour is such a key factor for success, it is important
that owners are not only aware of interventions but fully understand and
engage in all relevant aspects.
Education
In the long term, education is one of the most important elements of a
comprehensive approach to dog population management, as human behaviour
is an extremely influential factor in dog population dynamics. In general,
education needs to encourage greater responsibility among dog owners for
population management and the care and welfare of individual dogs. Therefore,

1
Reproduced from OIE Code, Article 7.7.1
2
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, pages 8 and 12

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

owners have to be educated, and key issues will need to be highlighted at

different stages of the programme, for example: bite prevention; selection and
care of dogs; realistic expectations of dog ownership; advertising the
importance of, and access to, preventative treatments; and knowledge of
normal and abnormal canine behaviour.
4. Steps involved in dog population management
(a) Collection of information and data to describe the existing problem
accurately.
(b) Analysis of the information to determine the most important factors
influencing the problem and which measures and resources would be most
effective in resolving it.
(c) The responsibility for the planning and execution should be with the local
authorities and should involve all concerned stake holders including animal
welfare organisations, private veterinarians and the general public as well.
(d) Preparation of an action plan to achieve the objectives.
(e) Deployment of resources to complete the action.
5. Access to resources1
Dogs that have no owner or are offered no care by their owner are primarily
reliant on resources accessed when roaming, for their survival. Altering the
access to resources on public property (through measures such as improved
garbage collection and disposal) will have an impact on the roaming dog
population by discouraging opportunistic roaming.
In some situations, the main food source will be food provided directly by
humans through deliberate feeding rather than refuse (indirect resource
provisioning). The motivation for feeding is mostly the belief that it is a way of
showing “compassion” towards dogs. In actuality, stray dog feeding does not
take care of any other needs of the dogs, causes dogs to then look to other
people for food and therefore, can increase attacks on people. This
misplaced/assumed compassion is actually public nuisance. It must be
discouraged and made an offence. Education will also play an important role in
influencing this behaviour.
Preventing access to resources in specific areas can alter the spread of the free
roaming dog population. For example, all public parks can be made dog free by
removing access to resources, such as using dog proof bins and preventing
people from feeding dogs in these areas. In some countries regulations exist
that restrict areas where dogs can be exercised or can roam freely.

1
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 9 and 10

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

Controlling access to resources1

Dogs are motivated to roam in public places where there is access to resources
such as food. In order to restrict roaming, especially in public places, access to
these resources needs to be restricted. This should be done carefully and in
conjunction with measures to reduce the roaming dog population, in order to
avoid dogs starving when food sources are removed and they consequently
move to different areas to find new food sources. This can be achieved in a
number of ways:
(a) the regular removal of garbage from homes and public bins
(b) the fencing-in of garbage collection and disposal sites
(c) the control of offal and carcass disposal
(d) the use of dog-proof bins, such as those with heavy lids, or positioning
them out of a dog’s reach
(e) education or enforcement measures, including penalties, to stop people
from littering and feeding dogs accidentally, and to stop people purposely
feeding dogs in public places.
6. Registration and identification2
The only way of clearly connecting an owner with his or her dog is to use
registration and identification together. This encourages a sense of
responsibility in the owner as the dog becomes identifiable as his/her own.
Registration/identification is also an important tool for reuniting lost dogs with
owners and can be a strong foundation for enforcement of legislation (including
abandonment legislation and mandatory regular rabies vaccinations).
(a) There are several methods of dog identification available, and these can be
used either separately or in combination. They differ in three important
ways: permanence; visibility; and whether a dog has to be anaesthetised
when they are applied. Microchips, tattoos and collars/tags are the three
most common methods; the most suitable will depend partly on local
conditions and partly on the reasons identification is being used.
(b) If permanent identification of a large population is required, the microchip
currently offers the best option since the number of permutations of digits
in the code is sufficient to identify all dogs, while human errors (transposing
numbers and incorrect reading of the numbers) are less likely as a digital
scanner is used to read the chip. Microchipping also has the advantage of
being a global system, so dogs moving from one area or country to another
can continue to be identified. Before instituting a microchip system, it is
advisable to check that the chips and readers used conform to ISO
standards.

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 16
2
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 13

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

(c) It is important that registration and identification information is stored on a

central database (or that separate databases are linked in some way),
which is accessible to all relevant people (e.g. the veterinary profession,
police, dog wardens and municipal pounds). The support of the central and
state governments will be helpful to ensure that a single unified system is
used.
(d) Mandatory registration and identification helps the practical problems
faced by dog pound or kennels as well. When a dog brought to a dog pound
or kennel is identified, it can be returned to its owner without delay
(avoiding welfare compromise for the dog and reducing stress to the
owner). If not identified, it is by definition ‘unowned’ so the dog pound or
kennel can implement its policies (whether rehoming or euthanasia)
without the delay of waiting for an owner to come forward. Both scenarios
will free up valuable kennel space, which will potentially increase capacity.
(e) Registration fees can be charged (a ‘one off’ fee or payment each year) in
order to provide funds for other areas of the management programme.
Although care needs to be taken to balance potential income against
enforcement, if fees are too high owners may try to avoid registration.
Differential fee scales can be used as an incentive for neutering,
encouraging owners to keep only a small number of dogs and discouraging
breeding of dogs.
(f) Licensing may be used when certain criteria have to be fulfilled prior to dog
ownership, for example when people wish to breed dogs or own regulated
dog breeds (‘dangerous’ dogs). It could also be used to encourage
responsible ownership by mandating that people complete a ‘certificate in
dog ownership’ before they are granted a license to own a dog.
(g) The main focus here is to make it easy for people to responsibly own dogs,
while at the same time making it difficult and expensive for people to breed
dogs.
7. Vaccination
Zoonotic diseases1
Zoonotic diseases are often the primary cause for concern with regard to
roaming dog populations, particularly for local authorities and the government
who are responsible for public health. Because rabies is a fatal disease, with
dogs being the most common vector for transmission to humans, and so rabies
control is often a major motive for dog population management.
Issues to be considered when exploring this factor:2
(a) The importance of zoonotic control should not be played down to relevant
stakeholders, such as public health officials. It is important to explore ways

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 10
2
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, pages 10 and 11

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

by which effective zoonotic control can be achieved while remaining

neutral, or even positive, towards dog welfare.
(b) The risk of zoonotic disease transmission to those involved in any
population management intervention must be considered. For example,
dogs that succumb to rabies can excrete the virus in their saliva for up to
two weeks before symptoms appear. All personnel working in close
proximity to dogs should be provided with adequate training and
equipment and given appropriate prophylactic (preventative) medication.
Vaccination and parasite control1
Preventative veterinary treatments can be provided to protect the health and
welfare of dogs and to reduce the problem of zoonotic diseases. Rabies
vaccinations are usually the priority issue, but several other diseases can also be
vaccinated against, alongside internal and external parasite control through
appropriate medication. These treatments should be provided in conjunction
with education about responsible ownership, neutering or contraception and
registration and/or identification. The need for vaccination and parasitic control
is often well understood by dog owners, and so offering access to these services
may be the easiest way to entice owners into conversations or agreements
about the other components of dog population management.
Issues to be considered when using this component:
(a) Regular vaccination (especially if covering diseases in addition to rabies)
and parasite control is likely to improve the health status of individual dogs.
Females that were not previously reproductively successful may become
healthy enough to breed. This means that the issue of increased
reproduction from pet dogs needs to be simultaneously considered and
mitigated as required.
(b) As with neutering and contraception, preventative treatments can be used
to encourage owners to see the value of general veterinary treatment and
other population management tools (such as registration and
identification), which are required for the long-term welfare of dogs, so it is
worth exploring how to involve the local veterinary infrastructure in
providing preventative treatments. The provision of preventative
treatments for free should be done with caution and according to the local
economic situation, as there is a risk of devaluing general veterinary
services if treatments are provided without charges or understanding of the
extent of subsidies. Therefore, the linkage of subsidy to the neutering of
dogs may be a productive solution.
(c) Preventative treatments will need to be provided regularly if they are to be
effective, hence the ease of access to treatments should be considered.
(d) Treatments can be provided via ‘camps’ (temporary, high-volume
treatment sites), which can be very effective in drawing owners’ attention

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 16

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

to the importance of preventative treatments and other population

management tools. However, the risk of aggressive interactions and disease
transmission between the large number of dogs that will attend needs to
be mitigated by including measures like organising access and exits
carefully, using a sterilised needle for each dog, and quarantining sick dogs.
Such camps will require adequate advertising beforehand. There is also a
limit to the distance that the general public will travel for such a service, so
thought must be given to the number of camps that would be necessary for
the desired coverage, and the associated logistics.
(e) Encouraging regular preventative treatments allows for the diagnosis and
treatment of any existing conditions.
8. Neutering
Reproductive capacity of the dog population
Dogs have a high reproductive potential. High dog populations pose serious
health risks for humans and the environment begins to suffer considerably. The
upper limit at which population growth levels off is called the carrying capacity
of the environment. This depends on the availability, distribution and quality of
the resources (food, shelter and water).1
In order to reduce the size of an unwanted roaming dog population in a humane
way, it is necessary to prevent the ‘surplus’ population from being born. This
surplus may come from unowned dog, pet dogs or deliberately bred dogs and
all three categories need to be taken into account when controlling supply and
demand.2
Population control interventions that focus on reducing the number of dogs
which are, not only struggling to survive, but also do not breed successfully, will
not be effective. These dogs are vectors of diseases and cannot be accessed
accurately annually for re-immunisation campaigns, and so, need to be
controlled for prevention of spread of rabies and other dangerous diseases. For
the long-term reduction in dog populations, controlling the reproduction of pet
dogs and controlling the environment of free roaming dogs is most essential.
Reducing reproduction3
Neutering can reduce the capacity for reproduction, but it is important to select
the target population of dogs carefully.
a. Dogs that are reproducing most successfully
To reduce the reproduction rate of the population most effectively, it is
important to assess which dogs are actually producing puppies and successfully
supporting them to adulthood.

1
Reproduced from OIE Code, Article 7.7.2
2
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 9
3
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 9

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

Studies of specific populations of dogs that were not receiving care directly from
humans (e.g. were living off the resources provided by garbage tips only) have
shown that the population size was maintained through continued immigration
rather than successful breeding within the group. From this, it can be assumed
that in most cases, only those dogs that receive some level of care directly from
humans, will be able to reproduce successfully.
From a dog welfare perspective, the suffering of puppies born to females of
poor welfare status (should they manage to carry a litter to term) should be
considered. In general, the mortality of puppies in unowned roaming dog
populations is high.
b. Dogs whose offspring are most likely to become roaming dogs
There are specific populations of dogs whose offspring are most likely to be
allowed to roam or be abandoned. This may relate to a lack of awareness and
acceptance of responsible ownership, which can be a result of education, public
and institutional attitudes and socio economics.
c. Female dogs
It may be sensible to focus the main effort of the intervention on female dogs,
as females are usually the limiting factor in reproductive capacity. It requires
just a few entire (un-neutered) males to impregnate receptive females, so the
neutering of even a sizable proportion of the male population may not lead to a
reduction in the overall reproductive capacity of the population. Each neutering
of a female, however, will individually contribute to a reduction in the overall
reproductive capacity.
d. Male dogs
However, the sexual behaviour of entire male dogs may become problematic,
especially when females that have not been neutered are in oestrus. Adult
males may not change their behaviour as significantly following castration as
young males who have not yet developed their sexual behaviour. Hence young
males may be considered the next priority group for neutering, followed by
adult males.
Note: Both male and female dogs can act as vectors for rabies, so if only females
are being selected for neutering in a rabies-endemic area, males should at least
be vaccinated.
Neutering and contraception1
The control of reproduction through permanent neutering or temporary
contraception can be achieved through three main methods:
(a) Surgical: The removal of reproductive organs under general anaesthetic
ensures permanent neutering and can significantly reduce sexual behaviour
(especially if performed early in a dog’s development). Surgical techniques

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 14

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

must be carried out correctly. A good standard of asepsis (the practice of

reducing or eliminating the risk of bacterial contamination) and pain
management must be maintained throughout. This can only be assessed by
adequate post-operative monitoring during the whole recovery period.
Surgery may be costly initially but is a lifelong solution and hence may be
more cost efficient over time. It requires trained veterinary doctors,
infrastructure and equipment.
(b) Chemical neutering and contraception: These methods are still quite limited
by the cost, the fact that they may need to be repeated and by the welfare
problems associated with certain chemicals. Most chemicals require trained
veterinary doctors for clinical examination of individuals to assess their
reproductive status prior to the application and administration of injections
at regular intervals without interruption, which is not possible for most dog
management programmes.
(c) Physical contraception through the isolation of females in oestrus from
entire (un-neutered) males: Owners can be educated to recognise the signs
of a female dog coming into oestrus and can plan to ensure the female is
isolated from entire males during this period. Attention must be paid to the
welfare of both the female and males when planning how to isolate the
female. Sexual behaviour can become problematic as males will try to gain
access to females, however, isolation requires minimal cost to achieve and
does not require a trained veterinary surgeon.
When using tools for neutering and contraception it is important to consider
their sustainability – dog population management is a permanent challenge so it
is vital that sustainability is considered throughout the design of the
intervention.
High-volume, subsidised neutering and the role of private veterinarians
To reduce dog populations, it is important to access and neuter at least 70% of
the total dog population. An effective way of achieving this is to offer free or
low-cost services for pet dogs. However, with no explanation of the full costs,
this may give dog owners an unrealistic expectation of the true cost of
veterinary care. For governments though, it far cheaper and more practical to
neuter a pet for free, than to run after its offspring on the streets. Additional
incentives in the form of lower registration fees should also be offered.
Subsidised neutering is also a way of incentivising fecundity control in owned
dogs. A successful way of allowing pet dog owners to access these government
schemes also means that they have to be decentralised. A local veterinary
infrastructure is a requirement for the general health and welfare of pet dogs. A
successful dog control program will use this to decentralise services and
promote the benefits of neutering through local, well-regulated veterinarians.
This will also support a growing ‘market’ for dog neutering services in the local
community. Most importantly, veterinarians can advocate benefits of neutering,
even though it seemingly reduces their ‘clients’. It has been found, though, that

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

owners who availed government sponsored neutering for their pets were more
likely to go back to private veterinarians for other veterinary services. This in
turn increased clientele of private veterinarians and encouraged them to
participate in dog control programs.
9. Euthanasia1
The word ‘euthanasia’ comes from Greek words – “eu” meaning “good” +
“thanatos” meaning “death”. When running holding facilities and rehoming
centres or networks, euthanasia will be required for dogs that are suffering
from an incurable illness, injury or behavioural problem that prevents them
being rehomed, or are not coping well enough with the facilities to maintain a
reasonable level of welfare. Ultimately, a successful population management
programme should create a situation where these are the only occasions when
euthanasia is required and all healthy dogs can be found a good home. In
reality, however, most countries will not be able to achieve this situation
immediately but will need to work towards it, accepting that some healthy dogs
will be euthanised as not enough homes exist that can provide an appropriate
level of welfare.
Euthanasia deals with only the symptoms and not the causes of population
problems. It will not lead to population management and must not be relied
upon as a sole response. Whenever euthanasia is used, it must employ humane
methods that ensure the dog moves into unconsciousness and then death
without suffering.
10. Trading, breeding, boarding and sale
Reducing commercial supply
Reducing supply i.e. dog breeding. A comprehensive strategy should also
consider sources of dogs, such as breeding from both commercial breeding
farms as well as non-commercial breeding from pet dogs.2
More dogs enter in to the dog population, both owned and unowned, via
owners who breed their pet dogs to give the off spring to friends or relatives,
and who believe that their pet dog should be mated “at least once” and don’t
want to “deny” their dog the “pleasure of mating”.
Commercial breeding facilities may produce poorly socialised and unhealthy
puppies, which make poor pets. Outlets, such as pet shops or markets, may also
keep dogs in poor conditions and sell them without proper advice about care or
responsibilities. The ‘low quality’ of these dogs and the lack of understanding or
realistic expectations of dog ownership will leave these dogs at high risk of
abandonment. A combination of legislation and enforcement via inspections by
trained enforcement agencies can be used to improve the conditions of these
commercial facilities and hence the welfare of the dogs involved. Outlets should

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 16
2
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 9

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 15

 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

also be required to provide proper advice about care and the responsibilities of
dog ownership. Education can be used to ensure potential owners know the
options available to them when acquiring a new pet, including rehoming
centres. They should also know how to raise a well-socialised and healthy
puppy.1
11. Rabies control
Of the more than 100 zoonotic diseases that are transmitted from dog to
humans, the most important part played by dogs is in the maintenance and
transmission of tapeworm larvae and rabies. Shortage of modern vaccines for
humans as well as the increasing costs of post-exposure treatment make the
elimination of the disease from its canine reservoirs more important than ever.
Rabies control does not mean post bite vaccination to every person who is
bitten by a dog, although that does prevent rabies fatalities in humans. It
requires the prevention of transmission of the rabies virus from dogs to dogs
and dogs to humans. This needs accurate and annual re-vaccination of at least
70% of the total dog population. This is also why annual rabies re-immunisation
programmes are targeted towards pet dogs.
Developed countries have conducted successful campaigns to control rabies in
dogs and by these means have eliminated the disease in canine and human
populations.2 Developing countries now need to do their part.
12. Aggression in dogs and dog attacks
Aggression in dogs and dog attacks, by pets and unowned dogs, is a serious
issue that causes trauma to victims, and can even result in death for people and
other animals. It affects dog owners and people who don’t own dogs, alike.
Rabies, sexual aggression and litter defence are only very minor cause of dog
attacks. The two major causes of dog attacks and aggression are territoriality
and fear. One of the primary objectives of a dog control programme must be to
address and contain dog aggression and dog attacks.
Preventing aggression and dog attacks
Effective and successful dog control programmes around the world involve all
dogs. Behavioural problems leading to aggression and attacks by pet dogs are a
complex issue (involving nature of dog, breed, upbringing, socialising, etc.) and
must be dealt with through extensive awareness and education of dog owners.
Owners must also be held responsible for dog bites and attacks by their pets.
Dog attacks and biting by free roaming, unowned dog populations are primarily
caused by the natural propensity of dogs to chase people and vehicles, attack
others who they see as entering their territory and aggression by scared, ill and
injured dogs. These incidents must be contained by ensuring that there are no
unsupervised, free roaming dogs in public places.

1
Reproduced from ICAMC Guidance, page 9
2
Adapted from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 55

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 Statement of Objects and Reasons
Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy

13. Animal welfare organisations

The primary role of animal welfare organizations is to further the welfare or
dogs by promoting responsible ownership and working towards building a
positive attitude of people towards dogs. This is done by working with civic
authorities to ensure that there are no straying dogs on the streets, homeless
dogs are provided care in shelters and/or rehomed and the public is educated
about the problems associated with free roaming dogs that affect both people
and dogs.
They also play an important role in rehoming/sheltering dogs, thereby reducing
animals on the streets. However, lack of pet retention is also a major cause of
surplus, unwanted dog populations that end up on the streets again. Potential
owners need to be made aware of the fact that dogs can live up to 15 years,
require money, time and effort and have medical and behavioural issues during
their lifetime. Therefore, adoption should not be seen as a panacea to the
problem of surplus dogs and should not be encouraged blindly.
Recognised animal welfare organisations should set up dog pounds including
kennels for permanently rehoming/sheltering those dogs which are not claimed
or adopted, if they are not to be euthanised.
Dog pounds/shelters should be licenced and subject to verification by the civic
authorities from time to time, to ensure the welfare of the dogs.
Such dog pounds should have trained staff and should pre-establish various
procedures including criteria for identifying suitable owners who will adopt
dogs.
14. Civic authorities
At the city/town level (in urban areas) or block level (in rural areas) the civic
authorities should have the overall responsibility for implementation of this
policy. Localised committees of citizens and elected representatives should
participate in the creation of awareness amongst the public in general and dog
owners in particular. Citizens should have access to the records and be able to
get their complaints addressed in a timely manner.
15. Government
The Central Ministry of Health and the State Ministry of Health should be the
highest level of decision making at the national/state level respectively.
A Board constituted under the law for prevention of cruelty to animals shall be
responsible for prescribing various methods and procedures involved in the dog
population management and rabies control in accordance with this policy and
ensuring animal welfare organisations are spending tax payer’s money
efficiently and in accordance with the law.
The Board should be accountable to the Central Ministry of Health at the
national level and to the respective ministry of health in each of the states.

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description
Dog Popul ation Manageme nt and Rabie s Control Poli cy

1. Definitions
In this policy, unless the context otherwise requires, -
(a) “animal” means any species of mammal naturally susceptible to rabies,
except man;1
(b) “Animal Welfare Organisation” means any centre established and
maintained as dog pounds including kennels by any organisation set up for
the welfare of animals and which centre is recognised by the Board;
(c) “Board” means the body established by the government for monitoring the
implementation of the law for prevention of cruelty to animals;
(d) “designated officer” means the officer designated by the Local Authority for
the purposes of rabies control;
(e) “dog” means an animal belonging to the sub-species ‘Canis lupus familiaris’
of the order of mammals Carnivora;2
(f) “exposed to rabies” means a person who, or an animal which is, bitten,
scratched or licked by, or having other direct physical contact with, a rabid
dog or a dog suspected of being affected with rabies;3
(g) “infected area” means an area which is declared to be an infected area for
purposes connected with the control and elimination of rabies under this
policy;4
(h) “Local Authority” means an Urban Local Authority or a Rural Local
Authority;
(i) “Monitoring Committee” means a committee appointed for the specified
area under this policy;
(j) “muzzled” in relation to a dog means it being securely fitted with a muzzle
sufficient to prevent it from biting any person or animal;
(k) “owner” means every person who is registered under this policy as the sole
or part owner of any dog, whether or not such person breeds the dog, with
or without the intent to maintain or produce specific characteristics of dogs
and / or does so with the purpose of either selling, gifting or keeping any
such off spring from the said practice; and a person who is in possession or
custody of a dog and the occupier of the premises on which any dog is
found shall be deemed to be the owner of such dog until the contrary is
proved;5

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2
2
Adapted from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2
3
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2
4
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2
5
Adapted from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(l) “pet dog” means any dog registered under this policy and kept or intended
to be kept by any person in his / her household, for private enjoyment or
companionship;1
(m) “public place” means any street, road or other place (whether or not
enclosed) to which the public have or are permitted to have access,
whether for payment or otherwise, and includes the common parts of a
building containing two or more separate dwellings;2
(n) “roaming dog” means any dog, whether a pet dog or an unowned dog,
which is outside the bounds of direct control or supervision of its owner or
keeper and / or is not currently restricted by a physical barrier;3
(o) “Rural Local Authority” means the Block Development Officer, under the
administrative control of the District Collector;
(p) “trader” means any person engaged in or who intends to engage in the
trading or boarding of dogs;
(q) “Urban Local Authority” means the Municipal Corporation, Municipality,
Notified Area Council, Cantonment Board and the like entrusted with the
administration of the specified urban areas under its jurisdiction;
(r) “unowned dog” means any dog other than a pet dog;
(s) “vaccination” means the administration of an approved anti-rabies, anti-
parvo and anti-distemper, vaccine to a dog;4
(t) “veterinary officer” means the veterinary officer appointed by the Local
Authority to receive information about animals and carcasses affected or
suspected of being affected with specified diseases for the area in which
the animal or carcass is;5
(u) “veterinary doctor” means a person who holds a degree from a recognised
veterinary college and is registered with the Indian Veterinary Council.
2. Monitoring Committee
(a) Every Urban Local Authority shall constitute a Monitoring Committee for
the area falling within the jurisdiction of each municipal ward comprised in
such urban area. This Monitoring Committee shall comprise:
(i) the corporator or elected representative of the municipal ward;
(ii) the ward officer of the municipal ward;
(iii) a veterinary officer nominated by the Urban Local Authority;

1
Adapted from European Convention, Article 1 (1)
2
Reproduced from Dangerous Dogs Act (UK), Section 10 (2)
3
Adapted from European Convention, Article 1 (5)
4
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2
5
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 2

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 19

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(iv) in cases where the area falling within the jurisdiction of such municipal
ward includes any area within a radius of 10 km from any wildlife
territory, an officer of the State Forest Department; and
(v) three citizens normally residing in the jurisdiction of the municipal
ward, nominated by the administrative head of the Urban Local
Authority, preferably including one who shall be a scientist from a
recognised institute or university.
(b) Every Rural Local Authority shall constitute a Monitoring Committee for the
area falling within the jurisdiction of every Village Panchayat. This
Monitoring Committee shall comprise:
(i) the Sarpanch of the Village Panchayat;
(ii) the Village Administrative Officer responsible for the villages under the
jurisdiction of that Village Panchayat;
(iii) a veterinary officer nominated by the District Health Officer;
(iv) in cases where the area falling within the jurisdiction of such Village
Panchayat includes any area within a radius of 10 km from any wildlife
territory, an officer of the State Forest Department; and
(v) three citizens normally residing in the jurisdiction of the Village
Panchayat, nominated by the administrative head of the Rural Local
Authority, preferably including one who shall be a scientist from a
recognised institute or university.
3. Responsibilities of the Monitoring Committee1
The Monitoring Committee constituted under clause 2 shall be responsible for:
(a) monitoring and reviewing the catching, transportation, sheltering,
vaccination and neutering of roaming dogs;
(b) create public awareness and solicit co-operation;
(c) guide owners of dogs about dog population management, from time to
time;
(d) ascertain the population of dogs on a periodic basis at intervals of not more
than one year using scientifically robust techniques;
(e) reduce the unplanned breeding of dogs by promoting the neutering of the
dogs;2
(f) encourage a finder of any roaming dog to report it to the Local Authority;3
(g) bringing to the attention of the Local Authority any violation of this policy
by any person;

1
Adapted from The ABC Rules, Rule 5
2
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 12 (b) (ii)
3
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 12 (b) (iii)

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(h) bringing to the attention of the Local Authority any short coming in the
implementation of this policy;
(i) recommending to the Local Authority the declaration of any area as an
‘infected’ area.1
4. Responsibilities of Local Authority
Every Local Authority shall be responsible for:
(a) the registration of a dog to an owner or prospective owner, on receipt of
such an application and verification thereof, in accordance with clause 6;
(b) planning and carrying out annual vaccination programmes, in accordance
with clause 9;
(c) offering neutering of pet dogs through local veterinary doctors, in
accordance with clause 10;
(d) the registration and licencing of traders or boarders of dogs, in accordance
with clause 13;
(e) the registration and licencing of dog pounds including kennels maintained
by an Animal Welfare Organisation, in accordance with clause 14;
(f) preventing any person from feeding any dog(s), whether or not owned by
them, in public places and penalising any person found doing so, in
accordance with clause 16;
(g) capturing roaming dogs, in accordance with clause 7;
(h) providing requisite number of dog vans with ramps for the capture and
transportation of roaming dogs and each such van to be provided with a
driver and two trained dog catchers, one of whom may also be the driver;
(i) establishing and maintaining sufficient number of dog pounds including
kennels;
(j) holding for a period of 10 days any dog that remains unclaimed under
clause 7(o), in dog pounds established under sub-clause (i) above, and
offering such unclaimed dogs for adoption by the general public or for
rehoming/sheltering to Animal Welfare Organisations, ensuring that such
dogs are vaccinated and surgically neutered, in accordance with clause 9
and clause 10 respectively, before their adoption or rehoming/sheltering;
(k) euthanizing, in accordance with clause 12, after the period of 10 days
specified in sub-clause (j) above, any unclaimed dogs which are not adopted
by any person or which are not rehomed/sheltered by an Animal Welfare
Organisation. The carcasses of such euthanised dogs shall be disposed off,
in accordance with clause 12;
(l) installing incinerators for disposal of dog carcasses;

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 57, Article 5

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 21

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(m) maintaining a record of the owner’s name and address of pet dogs and
name and address of the Animal Welfare Organisations to whom dogs are
handed over for rehoming/sheltering and providing a unique identification
number for each such dog;
(n) the permanent identification of pet dogs or dogs handed over to Animal
Welfare Organisations for rehoming/sheltering, by appropriate means, such
as microchipping, which cause little or no enduring pain, suffering or
distress;1
(o) paying to the affected person, the costs of curing any injuries or infection
resulting from an event of an unowned dog biting or attacking any person
or animal, the costs of rectifying any damages resulting from such bites or
attacks and a compensation computed at the rate of Rs. 1,000/- (rupees
one thousand only) per day for each day or part thereof during which the
affected person is unable to engage in their usual occupation;
(p) maintaining records of the nature, impact and costs of incidents caused by
dogs, including dog bites, attacks, accidents, rabies and deaths with
adequate traceability of the affected person/s, the concerned dog/s and
the location/s;
(q) levying the prescribed penalties on any person for violation of this policy;
(r) arranging funds for the Monitoring Committees towards the discharge of its
functions under clause 3.
5. Responsibilities of the Board
The Board is responsible for:
(a) assessing the effectiveness of this policy in the achievement of the
objectives specified in the Statement of Objects and Reasons of this policy;
(b) establishing and laying out of success indicators to assess the efficacy of
this policy;
(c) prescribing guidelines for determining licence/registration fees, if any, to be
charged from owners, based on the costs of catching and detaining roaming
dogs and re-uniting them with their owners;
(d) prescribing guidelines for determining the licence fees, if any, to be charged
from pet dog owners, traders and boarders;
(e) prescribing methods for estimation or census of dog population;
(f) prescribing the format in which the records of pet dogs and unowned dogs
shall be maintained;
(g) storing of registration and identification information on a central database
(or separate databases that are linked in some way), which is accessible to

1
Adapted from European Convention, Article 12 (b) (i)

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 22

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

all relevant people (e.g. the veterinary profession, police, municipal dog
pounds);1
(h) prescribing methods of permanent identification of pet dogs and unowned
dogs;
(i) determining the type and breed of dangerous dogs to be included in the
scope of clause 11;
(j) prescribing methods for the capture and transport of roaming dogs, so as to
cause minimum physical and mental suffering appropriate to the dog;
(k) prescribing additional methods for testing for rabies, including from
carcasses;
(l) verifying that dog pounds including kennels meet the required
specifications;
(m) prescribing the format for maintaining of records by Animal Welfare
Organisations and municipal dog pounds including the number of dogs
captured or received, claimed by owners, rehomed, sheltered, adopted,
euthanised as well as particulars of dogs vaccinated or neutered;
(n) prescribing the vaccinations and re-immunisations thereof for rabies,
various zoonotic diseases as well as parasite control as well as the format in
which the certificate of vaccination shall be issued by the veterinary
officer/veterinary doctor.
(o) prescribing guidelines for the humane euthanasia of dogs which are not
taken up for adoption or rehoming/sheltering by any person within 10 days,
so as not to cause avoidable pain, suffering or distress to the dogs;
(p) prescribing additional vaccinations, additional methods of neutering and
additional methods for euthanasia of dogs;
(q) prescribing the basis of fees to be paid to veterinary doctor for neutering,
vaccinating, or euthanasia of dogs or basis for determining subsidised rates
for neutering or vaccinating dogs;
(r) maintaining statistics of dog population and trends, in a manner that such
statistics is available separately for each municipal ward, each village
panchayat, each Local Authority, each District, each State/Union Territory
as well as for the nation as a whole, and such statistics shall be available, at
all reasonable times, for reference by the public free of charge, on the
website as well as on request at the offices of the Board;
(s) maintaining statistics of the nature, impact and costs of incidents caused by
dogs, including dog bites, attacks, accidents, rabies and deaths;
(t) funding the Local Authority towards the discharge of its functions under
this policy;

1
Adapted from ICAMC Guidance, page 13

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(u) identifying and recommending to the Central or a State Government,

additional ways and means of reducing the number of roaming dogs;
(v) quantification and analysis of the problem and causes, obtaining public
opinion, conducting pilot projects, and proposing to the Central
Government the most effective approaches for use in the short term and
long term in the matter relating to dog population management and rabies
control.1
6. Registration and identification2
(a) All dogs over the age of three months shall be registered within one month
of reaching this age, or of possession, and thereafter annually, and the
owner of any dog shall:
(i) present the dog on its attaining the age of three months at such time
and place as determined by the Local Authority, for registration and
annually for re-registration or at any time if required under clause
20(b);
(ii) produce a certificate, if demanded by the Local Authority, that the dog
had been vaccinated in accordance with clause 9; and
(iii) pay an annual registration fee of Rs.10/- (rupees ten only) in respect of
a neutered dog or a dog which is less than six months of age and Rs.
50,000/- (rupees fifty thousand only) in respect of any other dog.
(b) The Local Authority shall:
(i) provide the owner with a certificate of registration for the dog; and
(ii) microchip the dog or affix to it a distinguishing collar tag as proof of
registration.
(c) Any owner not presenting their dog or dogs for registration or re-
registration shall be guilty of an offence under this policy and shall be liable
to a penalty of an amount of Rs. 1,000 (rupees one thousand only) and an
additional penalty of Rs. 100/- (rupees one hundred only) for each
continuing day of default.
7. Capturing dogs3
(a) Capturing of dogs shall be based on:
(i) Specific complaints received and properly recorded (by the respective
Local Authority or any dog cells set up by such Local Authority for
receiving such complaints) about dog nuisance, dog bites and
information about rabid dogs – such complaints shall be attended to

1
Adapted from OIE Code, Article 7.7.5
2
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 59, Article 9
3
Adapted [except sub-clauses 7(b), 7(l), 7(m), 7(n) and 7(o)] from The ABC Rules, Rule 7

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 24

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

on priority, irrespective of the area from which the complaint comes;

and
(ii) Generally, on such dates and time to be specified by the Local
Authority.
(b) The person responsible for the administration and maintenance of any
property housing any government office, hospital, court, school, institution,
establishment, parks, railway stations, bus stands, airports, ports or any
other public place which is secured by a perimeter wall or fence, shall
ensure that any roaming dogs found in the precincts of such property are
immediately reported to the Local Authorities for capture.
(c) The dog capturing squad shall consist of the driver of the dog van and two
or more trained dog catchers (one of whom may also be the driver).
(d) Each member of the dog capturing squad shall carry a valid identity card
issued by the respective Local Authority.
(e) On receipt of specific complaint or for capturing dogs in normal course the
dog squad will visit the concerned area, capture the dog(s) identified by the
complaint in case of complaint-oriented capturing and roaming dogs in case
of general capturing. All the dogs caught will be tagged for identification
purposes.
(f) A record of dogs captured shall be maintained, mentioning therein the
name of the area/locality, date and time of capture, and details about dogs
captured such as number of male dogs, number of female dogs, number of
puppies, nature of pickup (complaint oriented or general capturing), nature
of complaint, etc. and such record shall be available, at all reasonable
times, for inspection by the public free of charge.
(g) The dogs shall be captured by using humane methods such as lassoing or
soft-loop animal catchers or any other methods as may be prescribed by
the Board.
(h) The captured dogs shall be brought to the dog pounds or kennels managed
by the Local Authority.
(i) Dog pounds must have sufficient space for proper housing and free
movement of dogs. The place should have proper ventilation and natural
lighting and must be kept clean. Adults and puppies must be housed
separately and amongst the adults the males and females also should be
housed separately. Adequate arrangement for drinking water and food
shall be made for the dogs while in captivity.
(j) On reaching the dog pounds all the dogs shall be examined by a veterinary
doctor. Healthy and sick dogs shall be segregated.
(k) Dogs found to be incurably ill, grievously inured and/or are overly
aggressive or biting, as ascertained by a veterinary doctor, shall be
euthanised in accordance with clause 12.

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(l) Female dogs found to be pregnant shall undergo abortion (irrespective of

stage of pregnancy) and thereafter neutered.
(m) Where any dog captured under this section wears a collar having inscribed
thereon or attached thereto the name and address of the owner or any
person, or if the owner of the dog is otherwise known or informed to the
Local Authority, the Local Authority shall serve on the person whose
address is given on the collar, or on the owner, a notice in writing stating
that the dog has been captured and where it is being kept and stating that
the dog will be liable to be disposed off if it is not claimed within 10 days
after the service of the notice or if the amounts for which the claimant is
liable under sub-clause (n) below are not paid.1
(n) A person claiming to be the owner of a dog captured under this clause shall
be entitled to have the dog returned to such claimant only on production of
proof of ownership by way of its registration under clause 6, or any other
proof that is acceptable to the Local Authority and upon such conditions as
the Local Authority may specify while accepting such other proof, and on
payment of all the expenses incurred by reason of its detention and such
further amount as is for the time being prescribed.2
(o) Where any dog captured under this clause has been detained for 10 days
after the capture or, where a notice has been served under sub-clause (m)
above, after such service, and the owner has not claimed the dog and paid
the amounts due under sub-clause (n) above the Local Authority may deal
with the dog as an unclaimed dog in accordance with clause 4(j) and clause
4(k).3
8. Surgical operations4
(a) Except as provided in this clause, surgical operations for the purpose of
modifying the appearance of a dog or for other non-curative purposes, in
particular the docking of tails, the cropping of ears, devocalisation,
declawing and defanging is prohibited.
(b) Exceptions to this prohibition shall be permissible only if a veterinary doctor
considers non-curative procedures necessary for veterinary medical
reasons or for the benefit of a particular dog or to prevent reproduction.
(c) Any operation in which the dog will or is likely to experience pain shall be
carried out under anaesthesia only by or under the supervision of a
veterinary doctor.

1
Reproduced from Environmental Protection Act (UK), Section 149 (4)
2
Reproduced from Environmental Protection Act (UK), Section 149 (5)
3
Reproduced from Environmental Protection Act (UK), Section 149 (6)
4
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 10

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 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

9. Vaccination1
(a) All dogs over the age of three months shall be vaccinated against rabies,
parvo and distemper and that such vaccination shall be repeated annually.
In the case of an infected area, the designated officer may require re-
vaccination at shorter intervals between vaccinations.
(b) The vaccinations shall be carried out at such places and at such times as the
Local Authority may require, in coordination with local veterinary doctors.
(c) The Local Authority shall provide vaccinations free of cost for any dog which
is neutered. For all other dogs, the Local Authority shall collect fees for the
vaccination, based on the costs of the vaccine, the cost of vaccinating and
the related administrative costs.
(d) The veterinary officer appointed for the purpose shall make such
arrangements as are necessary to inform dog owners of the dates for
vaccination and the location of the vaccination centres.
(e) All owners shall present their dogs for vaccination at such times and places
as required by the veterinary officer.
(f) At the time of vaccination of each dog, the veterinary officer shall provide
the owner with a certificate of vaccination in the prescribed format and
shall affix a mark (microchipping, collar-tag, plastic collar or paint mark) to
the dog as proof of vaccination. The veterinary officer must file a copy of
the vaccination certificate in a manner so as to be easy to locate in case of
any medical enquiry.
(g) The owner of any dog not having a valid vaccination certificate, who fails to
present their dog or dogs for vaccination shall be guilty of an offence under
this policy and shall be liable to a penalty of Rs. 1,000/- (rupees one
thousand only).
10. Neutering
(a) The Local Authority and Animal Welfare Organisations shall offer neutering
services for dogs, subsidised as specified in sub-clause (g) below.
(b) The Local Authority and Animal Welfare Organisations shall ensure that
dogs are neutered before being offered for adoption or
rehoming/sheltering under clause 4(j).
(c) Both male and female dogs shall be neutered.
(d) In the case of male dogs, castration or vasectomy/epididymectomy shall be
the methods employed for neutering.
(e) In the case of female dogs, Ovario-hysterectomy or Tubal ligation shall be
the methods employed for neutering.

1
Adapted from European Convention, Article 10

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 27

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(f) If neutering must be delayed for any reasons, then non-surgical sterilisation
by administering progestational steroids may be employed. However, the
Local Authority shall ensure that such dogs are surgically neutered before
the effect of the non-surgical sterilisation wears off.
(g) The Local Authority shall recover a sum of Rs. 100/- (rupees one hundred
only) per dog from its owners or prospective owners for the neutering
services and the Local Authority shall bear any costs in excess of this sum,
and claim the same from the Board.
11. Dangerous dogs1
(a) This clause applies to any dog of the type/s designated for the purposes of
this clause by an order of the Board, being a type bred for fighting or to
have the characteristics of a type bred for fighting or being of a type that
presents serious danger to the public.
(b) No person shall breed, or breed from, a dog to which this clause applies,
sell or exchange such a dog or offer, advertise or expose such a dog for sale
or exchange, make or offer to make a gift of such a dog or advertise or
expose such a dog as a gift.
(c) No person who is the owner or the person for the time being in charge of a
dog to which this clause applies, allow such dog to be in a public place
without being muzzled and kept on a leash, or abandon such dog or allow it
to stray.
(d) After the date from which any type of dog is designated by the Board in
accordance with sub-clause (a) above, no person shall have any dog to
which this clause applies, in his possession or custody except in pursuance
of the power of seizure conferred by this clause or in accordance with an
order for its euthanasia made under this clause; and the Board may by
order make a scheme for the payment to the owners of such dogs who
arrange for them to be euthanised within 30 days after the aforesaid date,
of sums specified in or determined under the scheme in respect of those
dogs and the cost of their euthanasia.
(e) The Board may by order provide that the prohibition in sub-clause (d)
above shall not apply in such cases and subject to compliance with such
conditions as are specified in the order and any such provision may take the
form of a scheme of exemption containing such arrangements (including
provision for the payment of charges or fees) as it thinks appropriate. Such
scheme under sub-clauses (d) or (e) may in particular include provision
requiring a court to consider whether a person is a fit and proper person to
be in charge of such a dog.
(f) Any person who contravenes this clause, is guilty of an offence and liable on
summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months

1
Adapted from Dangerous Dogs Act (UK)

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 28

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

or a fine not exceeding Rs. 10,000/- (rupees ten thousand only) or both,
except that a person who publishes an advertisement in contravention of
sub-clause (b) above shall not on being convicted be liable to imprisonment
if the person shows that the advertisement was published to the order of
someone else and did not himself/herself devise it; and shall not be
convicted if, in addition, the person shows that he/she did not know and
had no reasonable cause to suspect that it related to a dog to which this
clause applies.
(g) An order under sub-clause (a) above adding dogs of any type to those to
which this clause applies may provide that sub-clauses (d), (e) and (f) above
shall apply in relation to those dogs with the substitution for the day
appointed under sub-clause (d) above, by a later day specified in the order.
(h) If a dog of the type to which this clause applies is found, the Local Authority
may order it to be seized and after giving notice thereof to its owner (if
known), order its destruction, or specify the measures to be taken for
keeping the dog under proper control, whether by muzzling, keeping on a
leash, excluding it from specified places or otherwise; and if it appears to
the Local Authority that the dog is a male and would be less dangerous if
neutered, may require it to be neutered. However, nothing in this sub-
clause shall require the Local Authority to order the destruction of a dog if it
is satisfied that the dog would not constitute a danger to public safety after
considering the temperament of the dog, its past behaviour, and whether
the owner of the dog, or the person for the time being in charge of it, is a fit
and proper person to be in charge of the dog, and may consider any other
relevant circumstances.
(i) A dog shall not be euthanised pursuant to an order under sub-clause (h)
above until 30 days to enable an appeal against the order; and if notice of
appeal is given within that period, until the appeal is determined or
withdrawn, unless the offender or the owner of the dog gives notice to the
Local Authority that made the order, that there is to be no appeal.
(j) Where the Local Authority makes an order under sub-clause (h) above, it
may appoint a person to undertake the destruction of the dog and require
any person having custody of it to deliver it up for that purpose; and order
the offender to pay such sum as the Local Authority may determine to be
the reasonable expenses of euthanising the dog and of keeping it pending
its euthanasia.
12. Euthanasia
(a) A person under whose care a dog gives birth to new-borns, has to decide on
the number of such new-borns to be kept, raised and found homes. If there
is a surplus of new-born dogs, such person shall inform the Local Authority
to assist in the removal and humane disposal of the surplus dogs.

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 29

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(b) Only a veterinary officer or another competent person shall euthanise a dog
except in an emergency, to terminate a dog’s suffering when veterinary or
other competent assistance cannot be quickly obtained.1
(c) Any euthanasia shall be done with the minimum of physical and mental
suffering appropriate to the circumstances.2
(d) Except in an emergency, the method chosen to euthanise a dog shall either
cause immediate loss of consciousness and death or begin with the
induction of deep general anaesthesia to be followed by a step which will
ultimately and certainly cause death.3
(e) The recommended method of euthanasia is the use of barbiturates
(pentobarbitone or pentobarbital sodium) solution injected intravenously
at the correct dosage in the prescribed manner.
(f) The following methods of killing are prohibited:4
(i) Drowning and other methods of suffocation, if they do not produce
the effects required in sub-clause (d) above;
(ii) The use of any poisonous substance or drug, the dose and application
of which cannot be controlled so as to give the effects mentioned in
sub-clause (d) above; and
(iii) Electrocution, unless preceded by immediate induction of loss of
consciousness.
(g) The person responsible for the euthanasia shall make sure that the dog is
dead before the carcass is disposed off.5
13. Trading, boarding and sale6
(a) A trader shall seek a licence from the Local Authority by paying the
prescribed fee and submitting a declaration stipulating the species of dogs
involved or to be involved, the identity, knowledge and abilities of the
person who is or will be responsible for dealing with such dogs and a
description of the premises and equipment used or to be used.
(b) The Local Authority shall determine whether or not the conditions in sub-
clause (a) above are being complied with and if these are not adequately
met, it may recommend measures for such compliance within a specified
time frame or it shall prohibit the commencement or continuation of the
activity. If the Local Authority determines that the conditions in sub-clause
(a) above are being complied with, it shall grant a licence to such person.

1
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 11 (1)
2
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 11 (1)
3
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 11 (1)
4
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 11 (2)
5
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 11 (1)
6
Adapted from European Convention, Article 8

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 30

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(c) No dog shall be sold or gifted to any person under the age of eighteen
without the express consent of the parent or guardian of such person.
(d) The trader shall maintain record of the number of off spring born/died from
each individual female dog as well as record of the person buying a dog or
to whom a dog has been gifted and ensure its registration under this policy
in the name of the person to whom the dog is sold or has been gifted.
(e) The trader shall present the records required to be maintained under this
clause, to the Local Authority.
(f) Any dog or its off spring maintained by a trader shall be deemed to be
owned by such trader, who shall comply with the requirements of this
policy, including annual registration of such dogs, as the owner of each such
dog until such dog is registered in the name of any other person in
accordance with this policy.
14. Dog pounds
(a) On receipt of an application from any Animal Welfare Organisation, the
Local Authority may provide a licence to such Animal Welfare Organisation
for setting up dog pounds including kennels for rehoming/sheltering any of
the captured dogs which are not to be euthanised, on such terms and
conditions including annual registration, as the Local Authority may specify.
(b) Before transferring any dog to such pounds or kennels, the Local Authority
shall verify that such pounds or kennels have the requisite capacity for
housing such dogs including any dogs already being housed in such pounds
or kennels.
(c) The Animal Welfare Organisation shall be deemed to be the owner of such
dogs and comply with the requirements of this policy including annual
registration of such dogs until such dog is registered in the name of any
other person in accordance with this policy.
(d) While establishing dog pounds including kennels, the following shall be
taken into account:1
(i) access to drainage, water and electricity;
(ii) environmental factors such as noise and pollution;
(iii) size, design and occupancy capacity;
(iv) disease control including isolation and quarantine facilities;
(v) location in areas approved by Local Authority, not being a residential
or commercial area.
(e) The management of dog pounds including kennels should address:2

1
Adapted from OIE Code, Article 7.7.6 (5)
2
Adapted from OIE Code, Article 7.7.6 (5)

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 31

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(i) adequacy of fresh water and nutritious food;

(ii) regular hygiene and cleaning;
(iii) determining a potential owner’s ability to maintain the dog;
(iv) routine inspection of the dogs;
(v) monitoring of health and provision of required veterinary treatments;
(vi) neutering of dogs before adoption;
(vii) procedures for adoption including criteria for accepting potential
owners;
(viii) procedures for neutering and euthanasia;
(ix) training of staff in safe and appropriate handling of dogs;
(x) record keeping and reporting including record of the number of off
spring born/died from each individual female dog as well as record of
the person adopting a dog or to whom a dog has been gifted and
ensure its registration under this policy in the name of such person.
15. Obligations of owners
(a) An owner shall be responsible for the health and welfare of his/her pet dog
and for any off spring it may produce, for the duration of its life or until it is
gifted or sold to another person who becomes its owner.1
(b) An owner shall not sell or gift his/her pet dog or any off spring it may
produce, to any person under the age of eighteen without the express
consent of the parent or guardian of such person.2
(c) An owner shall maintain record of the number of off spring born/died from
each individual female dog, or a dog gifted or sold to any person and ensure
its registration under this policy either in his/her own name or in the name
of any person to whom the dog is sold or has been gifted.
(d) An owner shall be responsible to provide accommodation, care and
attention which take account the ethological needs of the dog in
accordance with its species and breed, in particular:
(i) provide the resources (i.e. suitable and sufficient food and water,
health care and social interaction) necessary for it to maintain an
acceptable level of health and well-being in its environment;
(ii) provide it with adequate opportunities for exercise; and
(iii) take all reasonable steps to prevent its escape.3
(e) An owner or keeper has a duty to minimise the potential risk their pet dog
may pose to the public or other animals and is responsible for ensuring that

1
Adapted from European Convention, Article 4
2
Adapted from European Convention, Article 8
3
Reproduced from European Convention, Article 4 (2)

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 32

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

his/her pet dog does not damage public or others’ private property. The
owner or keeper shall take steps to minimise any disturbance caused by the
dog and shall be responsible to clean up if the dog defecates in public or
others’ private property.
(f) The owner of every dog shall ensure that the dog is confined within walled
or fully fenced compounds inside the owner’s premises or tethered to the
premises if the owner’s premises does not include a fully fenced compound.
(g) Whenever the dog is outside the owner’s premises, it must be held on a
leash not over two meters in length, attached to a collar. The collar shall
have the name and address of the owner inscribed on it (or on a plate or
badge attached to the collar). If the terms of the registration or licence so
requires, the dog shall be muzzled during such period that it is outside the
owner’s premises. The requirement of holding the dog on a leash shall be
deemed to be waived, if an owner of a pet dog intends to use the dog as a
guard or herding dog for cattle or sheep or such other animals and he/she
has intimated the Local Authority in writing of such intention. Such waiver
will be valid only for the duration when the dog is used for such purposes,
and the Local Authority may impose such other reasonable conditions in
consultation with the Monitoring Committee.
(h) The owner shall be responsible to ensure that the dog does not cause
disturbance by excessive barking, does not chase vehicles, or does not
molest, attack or interfere with people or other living beings.
(i) In the event of a pet dog biting or attacking any person or animal, the
owner shall be responsible to pay the affected person, the costs of curing
any injuries or infection resulting from such bites or attacks, the costs of
rectifying any damages resulting from such bites or attacks, and a
compensation computed at the rate of Rs. 1,000/- (rupees one thousand
only) per day for each day or part thereof during which such affected
person is unable to engage in their usual occupation.
(j) An owner shall ensure that nobody causes unnecessary pain, suffering or
distress to his/her pet dog.
(k) If, for any reason whatsoever, an owner is unable to keep his/her pet dog or
it’s offspring, it shall be incumbent on any such owner to hand over such
dog(s) to the Local Authority.
(l) Any owner who abandons his/her pet dog, shall be subject to penalties
including ban on future ownership of any dog.
(m) The owner of every dog shall:
(i) obtain a registration certificate issued by the Local Authority to keep
the dog and have the same renewed annually;
(ii) report the death of the dog, with proof of death, to the Local
Authority;

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 33

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(iii) vaccinate annually and retain the original certificate of vaccination of

the dog and produce the same for verification by the Local Authority
as and when required;
(iv) affix metal engraved tags to the dog’s collar and subcutaneously
implant a microchip transponder bearing an identity code as proof of
vaccination;
(v) within twenty-four hours of such dog attacking or biting any person or
animal, report such fact to the Local Authority.
16. Feeding of dogs in public places
(a) No person shall feed any dog in any public places.
(b) Any person contravening the sub-clause (a) above shall be subject to a
penalty of Rs. 500/- (rupees five hundred only) for a first offence and Rs.
1,000/- (rupees one thousand only) for a subsequent offence.
17. Notice of rabies1
(a) A person who knows or suspects that a dog (whether in captivity or not) is
affected with rabies, or was at the time of its death so affected, shall with
all practicable speed give notice of that fact to the designated officer, a
health care worker or to a police constable.
(b) Without prejudice to sub-clause (a) above, a person who knows or suspects
that a dog in his or her possession or under his or her charge is, or was at
the time of its death, affected with rabies shall, as far as practicable, keep
that dog or, as the case may be, the carcass of that dog separate from any
other animal or person.
(c) Where notice under sub-clause (a) above is given, the recipient of the
information shall immediately transmit the information received by the
most expeditious means:
(i) in the case of the designated officer, to the veterinary officer; and
(ii) in the case of a health worker or a police constable, to the veterinary
officer and to the designated officer.
18. Enquiry2
(a) Where a veterinary officer has grounds for suspecting that rabies exists in a
dog, whether by reason of information received under clause 17 or by
reason of clinical signs of rabies in a dog that has been detained under
clause 21, or where a dog has bitten a person and been detained under
clause 22, such officer may cause the dog to be euthanised and its carcass
examined for the existence of rabies.

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 56, Article 3
2
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 57, Article 4

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 34

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(b) No compensation shall be paid to any person in respect of the killing of any
dog under the provisions of this clause.
19. Infected area1
(a) Where the Local Authority believes or suspects that rabies exists in an area,
such authority may, with prior written approval from the health
department of the state, declare that area, together with any adjoining area
into which such authority considers there may be a possibility of rabies
spreading, to be an infected area for the purposes connected with the
control and eradication of that disease, and the provisions of clauses 20 to
25 shall apply in relation to every infected area so declared.
20. Control of dogs2
(a) No person shall take any dog out of a rabies-infected area or bring any dog
into a rabies-infected area except in accordance with a written licence
issued by the designated officer.
(b) The designated officer may require all owners in such a rabies-infected area
to re-register their dogs.
(c) The owner or person in charge of any dog within a rabies-infected area shall
cause such a dog to be kept under effective control, either by confining it
within an enclosed area from which it is impossible for the dog to escape,
or by tying it up securely, or by muzzling the dog and leading it by a chain or
leash of strong cord or leather properly secured to a collar or harness worn
by the dog.
Provided that the designated officer, being satisfied that any class of dog,
whether by reason of prophylactic treatment otherwise, is not at risk of
contracting rabies, may exempt such a class of dog from the requirements
of this sub-clause, subject to such conditions as may be deemed fit by the
designated officer.
(d) Any dog found within a rabies-infected area which is not under effective
control in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (c) above, may be
killed by or under the authority of the designated officer and any person so
authorised may enter, with prior permission of the owner or occupier of,
any land, building or premises, for the purpose of carrying out the
provisions of this sub-clause.
Provided such person:
(i) shall not enter into any dwelling house for such purpose except during
the hours of daylight; and
(ii) shall produce and show a written authority to the owner, occupier or
person for the time being in charge of such land, building or premises.

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 57, Article 5
2
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 57, Article 6

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 35

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(e) Any person contravening the provisions of sub-clause (a) above shall be
liable to a fine of Rs. 10,000/- (rupees ten thousand only) or to
imprisonment for a term up to two years.
(f) Any person failing without reasonable cause to comply with the provisions
of sub-clause (c) above shall be liable to a fine of Rs. 5,000/- (rupees five
thousand only).
21. Detention or destruction1
(a) A veterinary officer shall cause any dog bearing proof of valid vaccination
(microchipping, collar with vaccination tag as specified by the Local
Authority) which has been exposed to a known rabid dog or a dog of
suspected or unknown rabies status, to be re-vaccinated and to be detained
under house, muzzle and leash confinement for 90 days under veterinary
surveillance. The dog must be presented at least twice a month to the local
veterinary health or law enforcement authorities nearest to the place of
residence of the owner.
(b) A veterinary officer shall cause any unvaccinated dog which has been
exposed:
(i) to a known rabid dog to be euthanised forthwith under the powers
conferred by clause 18, or
(ii) to a dog of suspected or unknown rabies status to be either
euthanised if the owner agrees, or to be detained as provided in sub-
clause (a) above and to be subject to the provisions of clause 9.
22. Detention and isolation2
(a) The owner of a dog, irrespective of the vaccination status of the dog, which
has bitten any person, and the person who has been bitten, shall within
twenty-four hours of the occurrence, report the fact to the designated
officer, a health care worker or to a police constable. A health care worker
or a police constable receiving such information shall immediately transmit
it to the Local Authority.
(b) The local authority may forthwith take possession of the dog and remove it
to a dog quarantine station or other detention premises.
(c) If the dog is showing clinical signs of rabies, or if the owner voluntarily
surrenders it for destruction, a veterinary officer may cause the dog to be
euthanised forthwith, under the powers conferred by clause 18 and its
carcass examined for the existence of rabies using the direct fluorescent
antibody test or such other test as may be prescribed by the Board.

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 58, Article 7
2
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 59, Article 8

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 36

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

(d) If the dog appears healthy or the owner does not voluntarily surrender it
for destruction, it shall be isolated for a period of ten days from the date of
commencement of such detention.
(e) Upon expiration of the period of ten days’ isolation as aforesaid, the owner
of such a dog, if the veterinary officer is satisfied that it is free from rabies,
shall remove it from the detention premises, after vaccinating it.
(f) If an owner fails to remove from the detention premises any dog within
three days from the date of the expiration of the period of detention of
such a dog, it may, without prejudice to the rights of the local authority
under sub-clause (g) (iii) below, be euthanised.
(g) The owner of any dog which is detained in detention premises:
(i) shall pay to the local authority, in advance, for the period of ten days’
isolation, a fee at the rate of Rs. 100/- (rupees one hundred only) per
day for the feeding, accommodation and attendance on the dog.
Provided that:
(ii) if the dog dies during the period of detention, the fee shall be charged
only in respect of the number of days for which the dog was actually
detained and the excess amount paid shall be refunded to the owner.
(iii) If an owner fails to remove any dog from the detention premises in
accordance with sub-clause (d) above, such owner shall pay to the
local authority a fee at the rate of Rs. 2,000/- (rupees two thousand
only) per day in respect of the additional period during which the dog
remains in the detention premises.
(h) No compensation shall be payable for any dog which contracts any injury or
sickness or which dies while under detention in accordance with the
provisions of this clause.
23. Seizure, detention and disposal of dogs not under control1
(a) A veterinary officer, the designated officer or a police constable, may, after
due notification has been given to members of the public in the area, seize
and detain or kill any loose dog in the area and the following shall apply.
(b) The Local Authority shall take all reasonable steps to draw the attention of
members of the public in their area to the address or location of any place
at which dogs seized under sub-clause (a) above are to be detained, and
any dog seized under sub-clause (a) above shall be removed to such a place,
and detained thereat for a period of 7 days, unless claimed by or on behalf
of its owner within that period.
(c) An owner claiming his/her pet dog from a place of detention under the
provisions of sub-clause (a) and sub-clause (b) above, shall be liable to the

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 60, Article 11

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 37

 Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Policy
Clause Description

appropriate penalties and fines if it is established that such owner has

committed offences under clauses 6(c), 9(g), 20(e) and 20(f).
(d) Where a dog seized under this clause is not claimed by or on behalf of its
owner within the period specified in sub-clause (b) above, the Local
Authority may euthanise the dog and dispose its carcass.
(e) Where circumstances prevent a dog which is liable to be seized under this
clause from being so seized, it shall be lawful for a veterinary officer, the
designated officer or the police constable to kill the dog without so seizing
it.
(f) The Local Authority will provide guidance on the methods to be used
(shooting, or capture and destruction by other methods) in different
environments (area of habitation, market place, rubbish dump, open
country side, forest land etc.).
(g) A veterinary officer, the designated officer, or the police constable may
enter, with the prior permission of the owner or occupier of any land, for
the purpose of seizing or killing a dog which is liable to be seized under this
clause.
(h) The Local Authority will be responsible for the collection and safe disposal
of the carcasses of any dogs killed or euthanised under this policy.
24. Offences1
(a) Any person who contravenes any provision of this policy or any provision of
this policy as applied in an infected area order, or any provision of a licence
granted or notice served under any such provision, or who fails to comply
with any such provision, or who causes or permits any such contravention
or non-compliance, commits an offence against the order.
25. Enforcement2
(a) The provisions of the clauses 17 to 24, except where otherwise expressly
provided, shall be executed and enforced by the Local Authority.

1
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 61, Article 12
2
Reproduced from WHO Guidelines, Chapter 4, Annex 4.2, page 61, Article 13

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 38

 Notes

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 39

 Notes

HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS P a g e | 40

 Protocol for Dog Population Management
Y

Registration and Is the pet

Vaccinate the pet dog
Pet dogs identification of the dog gifted
[cl. 9]
pet dog [cl. 6] or sold?

Enjoy responsible Y Is the dog N

Maintain dogs
ownership of the dog neutered
[cl. 13 or cl. 14]
[cl. 15] u/cl. 10?

Hold the dog for 10

Roaming dogs Dogs captured [cl. 7] days
[cl.7(o)]

Any AWO N Is the dog N Has owner Y

Database accepting adopted claimed
u/cl.4(j)? u/cl.4(j)? u/cl.7(n)?

Y Y

Dogs with licensed Any

Dogs with licensed
Traders or boarders offspring
[cl. 13(a) & 13(b)] AWOs [cl.14(a)]
u/cl.15(c)?

Maintain records of Registration and

Euthanise the dog Dispose dog carcass
birth/death/sale/adop identification of the
[cl. 4(k) read with [cl. 4(k) read with
tion/gift [cl. 13(d) or dog [cl. 13(f) or cl.
cl. 12] cl.12(g)]
cl. 14(e) or cl.15(c)] 14(c) r/w cl.6]

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HUMANE FOUNDATION FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS 2018