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RT 004 LEC 3

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14 views

RT 004 LEC 3

Uploaded by

Tia Rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Imaging Science and Informatics - Lecture

BSRT 2nd YEAR 1st SEM


Session #3

LESSON TITLE: MEDICAL IMAGE DATA

1. Define continuous Image from Digital Image. And discuss the elements of Digital
Image.
ANSWER:
● A continuous image is a mathematical function that represents a two-dimensional
space, while a digital image is a discrete representation of an image that is stored in
a computer. The elements of a digital image include pixels, which are the smallest
units of an image and are represented by a matrix of numbers. Each pixel is
assigned a value that represents its color or intensity, and the combination of these
values creates the overall image. Other elements of a digital image include
resolution, which is the number of pixels per unit of length, and color depth, which
refers to the range of colors that can be represented in the image.

2. Discuss Digital Image Formation in Medical Imaging.


ANSWER
● Digital Image Formation in Medical Imaging involves using modalities such as X-rays,
CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound to create digital images of the body. The process
involves three steps: acquisition, processing, and display. During acquisition, the
modality captures signals from the body. For example, X-rays are used in X-ray
imaging to create an image based on differential absorption by tissues and organs. In
MRI, a magnetic field aligns protons, and radiofrequency waves create a signal. In
processing, the signals are converted into a digital image using mathematical
operations. For instance, CT scan images generate cross-sectional images of the
body using X-ray attenuation. Finally, the processed digital image is displayed on a
monitor or other device. The display is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Accurate representation is vital, and display parameters like color, contrast, and
brightness can significantly impact efficacy. In conclusion, digital image formation in
medical imaging involves using modalities to capture signals from the body,
processing those signals, and displaying the digital image for interpretation. Accurate
representation is critical, and display parameters significantly impact efficacy.

3. Discuss the aspects of a Medical Image.


ANSWER:
● Medical Images are used to capture and visualize various anatomical structures and
physiological processes inside the human body. The aspects of a Medical Image
include:
🌕 Modality - The imaging technique used, such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and
ultrasound.
🌕 Spatial Resolution - The modality’s ability to distinguish between adjacent
objects in space.
🌕 Contrast Resolution - The modality’s ability to distinguish between similar
objects.

1
Imaging Science and Informatics - Lecture
BSRT 2nd YEAR 1st SEM
Session #3

🌕 Noise - Random variations in pixel values that can reduce clarity and
accuracy.
🌕 Image Acquisition Parameters - Settings affecting image quality and
accuracy.
🌕 Imaging Processing Techniques - Mathematical operations to enhance
image quality and extract features.

4. Identify the 2 types of Medical Data (Storage Perspective) and discuss its difference.
ANSWER:
● The 2 types of Medical Data are Structured and Unstructured.
● Structured medical data is data that is organized in a specific format, such as
electronic health records (EHRs). It includes data such as patient demographics,
medical history, laboratory results, and diagnosis codes. Structured data is typically
stored in a database and can be easily queried and analyzed using standard tools
and techniques.
● Unstructured medical data, on the other hand, refers to data that is not organized in a
specific format. This includes data such as medical images, clinical notes, and other
free-text documents. Unstructured data is typically stored in a variety of formats, such
as PDF, DICOM, or HL7, and can be more challenging to analyze than structured
data.
● The main difference between structured and unstructured medical data is the
organization and storage format. Structured data is organized in a specific format and
stored in a database, while unstructured data is not organized in a specific format
and can be stored in a variety of formats. Structured data is easier to analyze and
can be used for a wide range of applications, while unstructured data can be more
challenging to analyze but provides valuable information for diagnosis and treatment
planning.

5. Discuss the 5 common Image Quality Factors in Medical Imaging


ANSWER:
● The five common Image Quality Factors in Medical Imaging are:
1. Spatial resolution - refers to the ability to distinguish small objects in an image.
2. Contrast resolution - refers to the ability to distinguish differences in contrast
between two objects.
3. Noise - the amount of random variation in an image.
4. Artifacts - anything in the image that is not actually present in the original object
being imaged.
5. Distortion - refers to any alteration of the original object's shape, size, or position
in the image.

2
Imaging Science and Informatics - Lecture
BSRT 2nd YEAR 1st SEM
Session #3

6. Discuss the Image Formation of Radiography. (Source, Detector and Image


Characteristics)
ANSWER:
● Radiography creates an internal image of an object using X-rays. X-rays pass
through the object and are absorbed by different structures within it. A detector
captures the radiation and converts it into an electrical signal, which a computer
processes into an image. The resulting image shows the object's internal structures.
The image's contrast and resolution depend on the X-ray energy, detector resolution,
and processing algorithms used.

7. Discuss the Image Formation of Fluoroscopy. (Source, Detector and Image


Characteristics and advantages)
ANSWER:
● Fluoroscopy is a real-time medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to produce
images of the body's internal structures. The X-ray source is typically a continuous
beam of X-rays, and the detector is usually an image intensifier coupled to a digital
camera. Fluoroscopy is often used during medical procedures to guide the placement
of instruments or to monitor the progress of the procedure. Its advantages include
real-time feedback and the ability to capture images of moving structures, such as
the heart and lungs. However, it does expose patients to ionizing radiation. The
resulting image's characteristics depend on the X-ray energy, detector resolution, and
processing algorithms used.

8. Discuss the Image Formation of CT Scan. (Source, Detector and Image


Characteristics and advantages)
ANSWER:
● A CT scan is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer processing
to create 3D images of the body. It involves a rotating X-ray tube and detectors to
capture cross-sectional images, which are processed by a computer. CT scans are
good for imaging soft tissues and detecting fractures and tumors, but they do expose
patients to radiation.

9. Discuss the Image Formation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). (Source,


Detector and Image Characteristics and advantages)
ANSWER:
● MRI is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnets and radio waves to
create detailed images of the body's internal structures, such as the brain, spinal
cord, and joints. It provides detailed images without exposing patients to ionizing
radiation. However, it can be affected by metal implants and can cause discomfort for
patients who are claustrophobic.

3
Imaging Science and Informatics - Lecture
BSRT 2nd YEAR 1st SEM
Session #3

10. Discuss the Image Formation of Diagnostic Ultrasound. (Source, Detector and Image
Characteristics and advantages)
ANSWER:
● Diagnostic ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves and a transducer to create
images of the body's internal structures. It is particularly useful for soft tissue imaging
and fetal development monitoring during pregnancy. Ultrasound is non-invasive,
provides real-time images, and lacks ionizing radiation. However, ultrasound is not
suitable for deep structures, and gas or air in the body can affect image quality.

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