MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)

m
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX

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1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.

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2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the

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understanding level of the candidate.

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3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance. (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills).

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4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary
and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.
Q. Su Answer Marking
N. b Scheme
Q.
N.
1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks
a)Define following terms related to illumination.
i) Luminous Intensity
ii) LUX
1 mark
i) Luminous Intensity :
The measure of the power of the emitted light, by a light source in a particular
direction, per unit solid angle is called as luminous intensity.

ii) LUX 1 mark

LUX is a unit of illumination equal to the direct illumination on a surface that is
everywhere one meter from a uniform point source of one candle intensity or
equal to one lumen per square meter

b)State Lambert's Cosine law.

Lambert's Cosine law states that the Illumination (E) at any point on the surface is 2 marks
proportional to the cosine of angle between normal at that point & direction of
luminous flux.
c)List modes of heat transfer. 1 mark for
Modes of heat transfer - each
There are three modes of heat transfer.
 Conduction
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

te
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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a)Distinguished between incandescent lamp & fluorescent lamp on the basis of
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1mark for

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following point. each
i) Initial Cost

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ii) Lumen Output
iii) Energy Saving

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iv) Brightness

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Sr.
Parameter Incandescent Lamp Fluorescent Lamp

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No.
1 Initial Cost Less More
2 Lumen Output Low High
3 Energy Saving Less More
4 Brightness Less More

b)Explain direct arc furnace method with diagram. 2 marks

Direct Arc Furnace Method for
diagram &
2 marks
explanati
on

 The diagram shows a direct electric arc furnace.

 The chamber of the furnace is lined with refractory material.
 The arc is struck between the electrode and the charge. Three electrodes made
of carbon or graphite are projected from the top of the furnace, and three-
phase supply is given.
The current passes through them via the charge.
 Since the arc is in direct contact with the charge, so it is possible to produce
the highest temperatures by direct electric arc furnace.
 As the arc passes through the charge, it will produce automatic stirring action.
The arc has a negative resistance characteristic i.e. resistance falls with the
increase in temperature.
 Thus some current limiting device is required in the circuit to prevent short
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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XXXXX
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3 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12 Marks

a State the various types of lighting schemes used ion illumination & Explain the
) any two of them.
ANS:-
2 marks
Types of Lighting Schemes:
1. Direct Lighting
2. Semi-Direct Lighting
3. Semi-Indirect Lighting
4. Indirect Lighting 2 marks
5. General Lighting for any
two types
Direct Lighting:
It is most commonly used type of lighting scheme. In this lighting scheme more
than 90 percent of total light flux is made to fall directly on the working plane
with the help of deep reflectors. Though it is most efficient but causes hard
shadows and glare. It is mainly used for industrial and general out-door lighting.

Semi-Direct Lighting:
In this lighting scheme 60 to 90 percent of the total light flux is made to fall
downwards directly with the help of semi-direct reflectors, remaining light is
used to illuminate the ceiling and walls. Such a lighting system is best suited to
rooms with high ceilings where a high level of uniformally distributed
illumination is desirable. Glare in such units is avoided by employing diffusing
globed which not only improve the brightness towards the eye but improve the
efficiency of the systems with reference to working place.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

te
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
an insulating material. A dielectric heater is regarded as an electric heater as it
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transforms electrical energy into heat.

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Applications of Dielectric Heating
1. Food processing.
2. Preheating of plastic preforms.
3. Sterilization.
4. Diathermy.
5. Electronic Sewing

C) Explain the factors on which shape & size of car of elevator depends. 4 marks
ANS:- for any
1. No. of passenger to be carried: While selecting the size of car it is a usual practice to four
allow. A Space of 2 Sq.fit/ person. Average weight of passenger is assumed 68 factors
kg/person. Thus the maximum load capacity of elevator is considered 34 kg/sq.ft
There should be wide frontage and shallow depth
2. Limitation in the building design: Shape of elevator depends on space available in
building.
3. Type of building
4. Application of elevator
d) State any four advantages of high power factor for electric supply system. 1mark for
ANS:- each
1. Increased Efficiency. advantage
2. Reduced Voltage Drop. s
3. Small Size Conductor.
4. Reduced Line Losses.
5. Small Size of Machines.
6. Low kWh Needed.
7. Saving in Power Bills.
8. Power Capacity Optimization.
9. Compliance with Utility Requirements.
( ANY 4 POINTS )
4 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12 Marks

a) Write classifications of electrical welding system. 4 marks

for any
four types
of welding
process

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
circuits. It may be in the form of a reactor.
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 The direct arc furnace is very commonly used for the production of steel.

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There is a charging door from where the charge is supplied.
 And also there is an outlet for molten metal.

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 The usual size of the direct electric arc furnace is 5 to 10 tons capacity. For

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melting 1 ton of steel, 1000 units of energy are consumed.
c)An electric motor has load variation as given below.

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i) Torque 140 Nm for 20 minutes
ii) Torque 40 Nm for 10 minutes
iii) Torque 200 Nm for 10 minutes
iv) Torque 100 Nm for 20 minutes 1 marks
If the speed of the motor is 720 rpm, calculate the power rating of motor. for each
Given Data:
Torque 140 Nm for 20 minutes
Torque 40 Nm for 10 minutes
Torque 200 Nm for 10 minutes
Torque 100 Nm for 20 minutes
speed of the motor is 720 rpm
Duty Cycle (T) = 20 + 10 + 10 + 20 = 60 min

Rating of motor (torque) = √

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Rating of motor (torque) = √

Rating of motor (torque) = √ = 129.61 Nm

Rating of motor (watts) =

( )( )
Rating of motor (watts) =

Rating of motor (watts) = 9767.40 = 9. 76 Kw

It can be rounded to kW rating available in market i.e. 10 kW or 12 kW
d)Draw & label the various parts of A. C. electric locomotive. 2 marks
for
A. C. Electric Locomotive diagram &
2 marks
for
labeling

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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XXXXX
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 Convection

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 Radiation
d)State any four factors of governing selection of electrical drives. 1/2 mark

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Factors of governing selection of electrical drives - for each

a
 Nature of electric supply
 Nature of the drive

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 Maintenance requirement
 Space ad weight restrictions

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 Environment and location
 Nature of load
 Electrical characteristics of motor
 Size, rating and duty cycle of motor
e)State different types of traction system used in India. 1mark for
Types of traction system used in India – each
 Direct Current (DC) electrification system.
 Alternating Current (AC) electrification system.
 Composite system.

f) State any two desirable characteristics of tariff. 1mark for

Characteristics of Tariff - each
 It is easy to understand to consumers.
 Easy to calculate.
 It should be reasonable.
 Tariff must be fair, so that different types of consumers get satisfaction with
rate of electrical.
 Tariff having two main part i.e. Fixed charge & running charge.
 Tariff should be cover all expenses & reasonable profit.
g)List two disadvantages of low power factors. 1mark for
Disadvantages of Low power factors – each
 Large kVA rating of the equipment.
 Greater conductor size.
 Copper losses increases & transmission efficiency reduces.
 Handling capacity copper losses.
 Poor voltage regulation.
 At low power factor, energy consumption increases, so energy bill increases.
 The cost of station and distribution equipment is more for a given load
2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

te
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
XXXXX

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b) With neat diagram , explain the plugging methods applied to d.c. series motor. 2 marks
ANS:- for
For plugging in DC series motor, the direction of the motor speed is reversed by either explanatio
changing the polarity of the field winding or armature winding. n and
A resistance is put in series with the field and armature winding to limit the 2marks
armature current to a safe value. The polarity of both the winding is not changed for
because in this speed direction of speed does not change diagram

c) A consumer has a maximum demand of 250 KW at 50% load factor. If the tariff
is Rs. 100 per KW of maximum demand plus 20 paisa per KWh. find the overall
cost per KWh.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
XXXXX

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Semi-Indirect Lighting:
In this lighting scheme 60 to 90 percent of total light flux is thrown upwards to
the ceiling for diffuse reflection and the rest reaches the working plane directly

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except for some absorption by the bowl. This lighting scheme is with soft shadows
and glare free. It is mainly used for indoor light decoration purposes.

Indirect Lighting:
In this light scheme more than 90 percent of total light flux is thrown upwards to
the ceiling for diffuse reflection by using inverted or bowl reflectors. In such a
system the ceiling acts as the light source, and the glare is reduced to minimum.
The resulting illumination is softer and more diffused, the shadows are less
prominent and the appearance of the room is much improved over that which
results from direct lighting. It is used for decoration purposes in cinemas theatres
and hotels etc. and in workshops where large machines and other obstructions
would cause trouble some shadows of direct lighting is employed.

v. General Lighting:In this scheme lamps made of diffusing glass are used which
give nearly equal illumination in all directions.

b) Explain working principle of dielectric heating. State its two application. 3 marks
ANS:- for
Operating Principle of Dielectric Heating. explanatio
The principle of operation of a dielectric heater is such that a non-conducting material n with
is present between two electrodes and an external electric field is applied across these neat
two electrodes. Basically, a wide range of frequency is provided to the electrodes. diagram
It is to be noted here that radio-frequency radiation is a form of energy and not a form and 1
of heat. So, it requires material matter for the conversion of heat from energy. mark for
The dielectric material which is present between the two electrodes can be anything applicatio
such as wood, plastic, glass, etc. Though it is considered that a dielectric does not n
allow the flow of electric current through it, practically, it is not possible.
So, whenever these materials are provided with a high voltage alternating supply then
even minute motion of charged particles results in the flow of current which leads to
dielectric losses. This resultantly produces heat within the material.
Circuit Operation of Dielectric Heating:
Till now we have got the idea that the sole purpose of a dielectric heater is to heat up

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)

m
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

te
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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XXXXX
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d) Define average speed & schedule speed in traction system. List any two factors
affecting the schedule speed .
ANS :-
1 marks
Average Speed:-The mean or average speed of the vehicle during from start to stop is
called as average speed.
It is distance covered between two stops divided by the actual time of run. 1 mark
Average speed = Distance between two stops / Average time of run
Schedule Speed:-It is defined as the ratio of the distance covered between two stops
and total time of run include time of stop is called as schedule speed. 2 marks
Schedule speed = Distance between two stops / [ Actual time of run + Stop time ]
Factors Affecting the Schedule Speed
Crest Speed or Maximum Speed.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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nichrome wire for its heating element. If
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wire temperature is not

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exceed 1170°C and temperature of charge

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to be 500°C. Calculate the diameter and the length of the
wire. Take K= 0.57, e = 0.95 and p = 1.09 x106 ohm-meter.

a r.c
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b) Explain electrical braking. State any six requirement of ideal braking

Ans- In electrical braking, by operating the driving motor as a generator during 1 mark
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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XXXXX
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6 Attempt any TWO of the following 12 Marks

a) Differentiate between DC welding and AC welding on the basis of (1 mark
i) Equipment. for each
ii) Cost. point)
iii) Power factor.
iv) Operating efficiency.
v) Arc stability.
vi) Heating.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
XXXXX
lift installed. i.e. Speed of lift , Capacity of lift, Type of drive of lift, Number of landings.

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3) Licensed lift electors only should carry out the work of erection.
4) Lift inspector in turns inspects installation and conforms that all provisions of

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Bombay Lift Act and rules for safety of user are being observed.
5) License for working of lift is issued in form ‘C’ after applicable to rules and

a
regulation in Bombay lift acts and rules.

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6) Observing the conditions of lifts in view of safety, it is mandatory to
a. The lift should be maintained by approved erection and maintenance agency.

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b. Inspector of list should give visit and inspect lift conditions twice in year.
c. Where any accident occurs in operations of lift results in injury to person, owner
should give in with full details to inspector of lift in form F.
Protective devices used in elevator.
ii) 1. Phase failure protective relay.
2. Phase reversal protective relay. 1/2 mark
3. Circuit breakers / overload relay. for each
4. Main line service switches and fuses. point (any
5. Over speed slow down relay. three
point)
Safety Devices used in Electric Elevators:
1. Car safety switch
2. Door safety switches 1/2 mark
3. Over travel switches for each
4. Guide grips and over-speed governor point (any
5. Terminal limit switches three
point)

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
XXXXX
braking period, the stored energy of the rotating parts is converted into electrical

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energy and dissipated in resistance as heat or returned to the supply.
Types of Electrical Braking: There are three types of electric braking 1 mark

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1) Plugging or reverse Current Braking: in this method of braking connection of
motor are changed in such a way that motor develops torque in opposite direction for

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braking condition to the movement of the rotor. 1 mark

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2) Rheostatic Braking or Dynamic Braking: In case of Rheostatic braking, motor is
made to work as generator and all the Kinetic Energy of moving masses is converted

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to electrical energy. Further this electrical energy is dissipated in resistance in the
form of heat. (½ for
3)Regenerative braking: In case of regenerative braking, motor is not disconnected each
from the supply and it is worked as a generator. point)
Requirements of ideal braking system-
1. Simple.
2. Convenient and comfortable.
3. Effective.
4. Less wear and tear of braking assembly.
5. Less heat generation.
6. Quick response.
c) A trapezoidal time curve of train consists of
i)Uniform acceleration of 6 kmphps for 25 seconds.
ii)Free running for 10 minutes.
iii)Uniform deceleration of 6 kmphps to stop the train.
iv)A stop time of 5 minutes.
Find the distance between the stations, average and schedule speed

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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Distance between the Stops.

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Duration of Stops.

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e) Write any eight desirable characteristics of traction motor. 1/2 mark

a
ANS:- to each

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1. Robustness - A traction motor must be mechanically strong and robust so that it
1. Robustness - A traction motor must be mechanically strong and robust so that it
can be capable of withstanding severe mechanical vibrations.

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2. Small Size - The overall dimensions of the traction motor must be minimum,
especially the traction motor must have small diameter so that it can be arranged
easily beneath the motor coach.
3. Completely Enclosed - The traction motor should be completely enclosed type so
when it is placed beneath the locomotive, the enclosure protects it against dirt,
dust, mud, etc.
4. Minimum Weight - The traction motor must have minimum weight so the weight
of the locomotive will decrease. Consequently, the load carrying capability of the
motor will increase, also it results in low energy consumption.
5. High Efficiency - The traction motor should have high mechanical and electrical
efficiency, i.e., it has low losses like windage losses, frictional losses, copper
losses, iron losses, etc
6. High Starting Torque - An electric motor which is being used as the traction
motor must have high starting torque. It is required to start the motor on load
during the starting conditions in urban and sub-suburban railway services.
7. Easy Speed Control - The speed control of the traction motor must be simple and
easy. This is required for the frequent starting and stopping of the motor in
traction application.
8. Can Withstand High Temperature - As the traction motor is highly subjected to
the transient conditions due to frequent starting and stopping which results in
temperature rise of the motor. Therefore, the traction motor should have the
capability of withstanding high temperature without failure.
9. High Overload Capacity - Since, the electric trains may have an overload condition
at any time. Therefore, the traction motor should have the capability of handling
excessive overload.
10. Able to Operate in Parallel - In traction applications, a number of electric motors
need to run in parallel to carry more load. Therefore, the speed-torque
characteristics and current-torque characteristics of traction motors are such that
the motors may share the total load almost equally.
11. Electric Braking Ability - The traction motor should be able to provide easy and
simple dynamic and regenerative braking so that the energy efficiency can be
improved.
12. Ability to Withstand Voltage Fluctuations - As the starting current of the motor is
high. Therefore, the traction motor must have the capability of withstanding the
fluctuations in supply voltage.
13. Good Commutation - The traction motor should have the feature of good
commutation so that the sparking at the brushes and commutator segments can
be avoided.( Any 8 points )
5 Attempt any TWO of the following 12 Marks
a) A 20kW single phase 220 V resistance oven employs circular

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

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Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

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Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
DC welding AC welding
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1 Equipment. Motor generator set A.C. supply with transformer is
or rectifier is required.

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required.

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2 Cost. Two to three times Comparatively

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as compared to that low.
of transformer.
3 Power Poor Low

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factor.
4 Operating Low High about 85%
efficiency.
5 Arc stability. Better Poor
6 Heating. High Very High
b) i) List various types of current collection system in electric traction.
ii) State main features of metro rail and monorail traction line services.
Electric traction system uses following two methods for current collecting system.
i) 1) Conductor Rail System
2) Over Head Equipment

Conductor Rail System:

In conductor rail system, current is supplied to traction motors through one- rail
conductor or through rail conductor. 1 mark for
each point
Over Head Equipment:
1 Trolley Collector
2 Bow Collector
3 Pantograph Collector
Special features of Metro rail and Mono Rail:
1. No air pollution
2. Les s Sound Pollution
ii) 3. Higher Efficiency
4. Time saving of passengers 1/2 mark
5. Saving of fuel for each
6. Higher load carrying capacity point (any
7. Les s power consumption six point)
8. Higher space occupancy
9. Reduced accidents
10. Reduced traffic congestion
c) i) State Bombay Lift Act 1939. (Latest Amendment)
ii) List any four safety and protective devices used in elevator.

i) Manufacturing, erection and maintenance of lift shall be done as per provisions laid 1 mark for
down in Bombay lift rules 1958 framed at Bombay lift act 1939. each point
1) The chief engineer (Electrical) is appropriate authority for observance of provisions (any three
under lift act and rules and to issue following permission. point)
a. Permission to install lift.
b. License to operate the lift
2) The Rule No3: Permission for installing lift or for making additions or alterations to
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