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12 Tics Practices Interacting With Databases Key 1

Cursors allow retrieving and processing multiple rows of data from a database table within a PL/SQL program. There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit. Explicit cursors require declaring, opening, fetching rows, and closing the cursor. Cursor attributes like %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND, and %ROWCOUNT provide information about the cursor status and rows processed. Cursor FOR loops automatically open, fetch, and close an explicit cursor, simplifying the cursor processing code.

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51 views3 pages

12 Tics Practices Interacting With Databases Key 1

Cursors allow retrieving and processing multiple rows of data from a database table within a PL/SQL program. There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit. Explicit cursors require declaring, opening, fetching rows, and closing the cursor. Cursor attributes like %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND, and %ROWCOUNT provide information about the cursor status and rows processed. Cursor FOR loops automatically open, fetch, and close an explicit cursor, simplifying the cursor processing code.

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Akansha Saxena
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CHAPTER-13 INTERACTING WITH DATABASES

Cursor is a method that provides a way to select multiple rows of data from the database and then process each row individually inside the PL/SQL program. OR PL/SQL requires special capability to retrieve and process more than one rows of data from the table and this task is performed by Cursor. Types of Cursors : Implicit Cursor : Declared for all DML & PL/SQL SELECT statement including queries that return only one row. Explicit Cursor: For queries that return more than one row. Declared and named by programmer. Explicit Cursor : Following steps are followed when using the explicit cursor: 1. Declare the cursor. 2. Open the cursor. 3. Fetch the data from the cursor record by record. 4. Close the cursor. Syntax for using cursor: Syntax of cursor declaration: cursor <cursorname> is SQL select statement; Syntax of open statement: open <cursorname>; Syntax of fetch statement: fetch <cursorname> into var1,var2,var3. or fetch <cursorname> into record_type_variable; Syntax of close statement: close <cursorname>; Explicit Cursor attributes: There are four cursor attributes : %ISOPEN : It returns true if cursor is open , otherwise it returns false. Syntax : if cursorname%isopen then . else . endif %FOUND : It returns true if record was fetched properly from the cursor, otherwise it returns false. Syntax : cursorname%found %NOTFOUND : It returns true if record is not successfully found, otherwise it returns false. Syntax : cursorname%notfound %ROWCOUNT : It returns the no. of records processed by the cursor. Syntax : cursorname%rowcount

Example code to illustrate cursor: DECLARE cursor empdis is SELECT * FROM emp; e emp%ROWTYPE; BEGIN open empdis; if empdis%ISOPEN then dbms_output.put_line(empno name salary); LOOP FETCH empdis into e; EXIT WHEN empdis%notfound; dbms_output.put_line(e.empno|| e.name|| e.sal); ENDLOOP; CLOSE empdis; else dbms_output.put_line(Cannot open the cursor); END IF; END; Implicit Cursors: These are also called as SQL cursors. PL/SQL employs implicit cursors for following statements: i. ii. INSERT UPDTAE

iii. iv.

DELETE SELECT(only those SELECT queries that return exactly one row.)

Subqueries,IN WHERE clause,IN FROM clause, Aliases, Expressions,bind variables can be used with Explicit cursors. Cursor Based Records: Cursor FOR Loops: In a Cursor FOR Loop,a declared cursor is OPENed,FETCHed and CLOSed automatically.

Syntax: FOR <record_index> IN <cursor_name> LOOP <body of loop> END LOOP; Cursor FOR Loop with Parameters: Syntax: FOR <record_name>IN <cusor_name(<parameter_list_here>) LOOP . . .END LOOP; Cursor FOR Loops Using Subqueries: Syntax: FOR <record_name> IN (query_expression) LOOP . . . END LOOP;

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