KIDAPAWAN CITY DIVISION

KIDAPAWAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SIMPLIFIED SELF-LEARNING MODULE IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Rational Function, Equation & Inequality
Quarter 1 Module 2
Name: ___________________________________________ Grade and Section: __________________
School: __________________________________________ LRN: _____________________________
Subject Teacher: __________________________________

I. OBJECTIVES
1. Represent real-life situations using rational functions. M11GM-Ib-1
2. Distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality. M11GM-Ib-2
3. Solve rational equations and rational inequalities. M11GM-Ib-3
4. Represent rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation. M11GM-Ib-4

II. SUBJECT MATTER/ TOPIC AND CURRICULUM GUIDE

a. Content: Functions and their Graphs
b. Content Standard: Key Concepts of Rational Function
c. References: Teaching Guide for SHS Gen Math pp. 25-53, Gen Math Learner’s Material pp. 21-43

III. PROCEDURE
Activity 1
Consider the situation below. Write an equation representing the relationship of the allotted amount per
family (y-variable) versus the total number of families (x-variable). Use extra paper for your solution.
The local barangay received a budget of P1,000,000 to provide cash assistance for the families in the
barangay during Enhanced Community Quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount is to be
allotted equally among all the families in the barangay.

Activity 2
Fill up the table below with different allotment amounts for different values for the number of families.
No. of families, x 20 50 100 300 500 1000 2000 5000
Allocated amount, y

Analysis
1. How much each family receives if the barangay has a total of 500 families?
2. What equation would represents the allotted amount per family versus the total number of families?

RATIONAL FUNCTION
Definition
A rational function is a function of the form where and are polynomial
functions, and is not a zero function (i.e., The domain of is all values of x where

Definition
A polynomial function p of degree n is a function that can be written in the form

where …, and is a positive integer. Each summand is a term of the polynomial

function. The constants …, are called the coefficients. The leading coefficient is . The leading
term is and the constant term is

Application
A philanthropist wants to supplement the budget allotted for each family (in activity 1) by providing an
additional of 2,000 for each family. Construct a function representing this relationship.

Activity 3. Determine which of the following algebraic expressions are rational expressions:

(a) (c) (e)

(b) (d) (f)

Analysis
1. How to determine an expression that is a rational?
2. What makes (c), (d), and (f) not rational expressions?
SSLM Writers:
Lavin S. Blanco, Jennylee V. Pun-an, Jeasza May Claire J. Porras,
Nixon B. Barrete, Nicanor D. Butal, Edmund H. Hernandez
Page 1 of 5 General Mathematics
Grade-11
 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS, EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES

Definition
A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.
A rational equation is an equation involving rational expressions.
A rational inequality is an inequality involving rational expressions.
A rational function is a function of the form where and are polynomials, and
is not a zero function.

Application
Place each expression below to its corresponding box:

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function None of These

SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS

Procedure for Solving Rational Equations

(a) Eliminate denominators by multiplying each term of the equation by the least common
denominator.
(b) Note that eliminating denominators may introduce extraneous solutions. Check the solutions of
the transformed equations with the original equation.

Illustrative Example 1
Solve for x: . Solution: Checking:
The LCD of all denominators is
. Multiply both sides of the
equation by and solve the
resulting equation.

Therefore, the solution is

Illustrative Example 2 Checking:

Solve for x:
If
Solution:
Factor the denominator.

Note that the original equation

The LCD is . Multiply the LCD to both sides of the becomes undefined if
equation to remove the denominators. If

|
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Page 2 of 5 Therefore, the only solution is 5.
 SOLVING RATIONAL INEQUALITIES

Procedure for Solving Rational Inequalities

(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side of the inequality symbol and 0 on the other
side.
(b) Determine over what intervals the fraction takes on positive and negative values.
i. Locate the x-values for which the rational expression is zero or undefined (factoring the
numerator and denominator is a useful strategy).
ii. Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded circle to indicate that the
value is included in the solution set, and a hollow circle to indicate that the value is excluded.
These numbers partition the number line into intervals.
iii. Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (ii). The sign of the rational
expression at this test point is also the sign of the rational expression at each interior point in
the aforementioned interval.
iv. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.

Source: Teaching guide for SHS General Mathematics, p.36

Illustrative Example 3
Solve the inequality .
Step 3. Choose convenient test points in the
Solution: intervals determined by -1 and 1 to determine the
Step 1. Rewrite the inequality as a single sign of in these intervals. Construct a table of
fraction on one side, and 0 on the other side. signs as shown below.
0

Step 2. Find values of x which will make the

inequality undefined and equal to zero. Mark Step 4. Plot these intervals on the number line. In
these on a number line. Use a shaded circle the interval x<-1 and x>1, the signs are positive and
for (a solution) and an unshaded circle are greater than 0, thus they are part of the solution
for (not a solution). set. Shade these intervals on the number line.

-1 1 -1 1

Therefore, the solution set is . It can also be written using interval notation:

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 Illustrative Example 4
Solve: .

Solution: Step 3. Construct a table of signs to determine the

Step 1. Rewrite the inequality as a single sign of the function in each interval determined by
fraction on one side, and 0 on the other side. -1, 0, and 2.

Step 2. Find values of x which will make the Step 4. Summarize the intervals satisfying the
inequality undefined and equal to zero. Mark inequality. Plot these intervals on the number line.
these on a number line. Use unshaded circle for Shaded line represents part of the solution set.
, (not a solution).

-1 0 2 -1 0 2

The solution set of the inequality is the set . It can also be written using interval
notation:

REPRESENTATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTION THROUGH TABLE OF VALUES AND GRAPH

Given the rational function , represent the function using a table of values and plot the graph
by connecting the points.

Activity 4. Complete the table by calculating the corresponding values of y given the values of x.

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.1 -1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 0 2 4 6 10

Analysis
1. What are the things you have to
consider in graphing?
2. What do you observe about the
graph of ?
3. Why would the graph breaks the
smooth curve?
4. What happened to the y-values
as x approaches -1 from the left
or from the right?
5. What happened to the y-values
as x increases or decreases
without bound?

IV. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT

A. Distinguish whether the given is a rational equation, a rational inequality, a rational function, or none of
these.
1. 3. 5.

2. 4.

B. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

6. Find the solution of .
A. 4 B. 9 C. 11 D. 13

7. Given a rational equation , solve for x.

A. -2 B. -1 C. 1 D. 2
Page 4 of 5
 8. Which of the following is NOT a solution of ?
A. -5 B. -1 C. 4 D. 6

9. Find the solution set of

A. B. C. D.

10. Solve for the solution set of .

A. C.
B. D.

11. Represent as a rational function the speed ) of a runner as a function of the time in seconds it
takes to run 200 meters in the track.
A. B. C. D.

12. Which of the following is the correct table of values for the situation in #11 using

A. t 10 11 12 13 14 15 C t 10 11 12 13 14 15
v 20 18.18 16.67 15.38 14.29 13.33 A.
v 10 11 12 13 14 15
.
B. D. t 10 11 12 13 14 15
t 10 11 12 13 14 15
v 13.33 14.29 15.38 16.67 18.18 20 v 20 30 40 50 60 70

13. Suppose that (in mg/mL) represents the concentration of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream
t hours after the drug was administered. What is the concentration at t = 1 hour?
A. 0.5 mg/mL B. 1.5 mg/mL C. 2.5 mg/mL D. 3 mg/mL

14. Which of the following is the correct graph of the situation in #13 using t = 0, ½, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 24?
A. 3 C. 28
25
2 22
c(t)

c(t)

19
1 16
13
0 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 7 9 11 13 15 17
t
80 20
t
60 15
B. D.
c(t)

c(t)

40 10
20 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
t t
15. Referring to item #13, what happened to the concentration of blood as the time increases?
A. also increases B. remains the same C. approaches zero D. cannot be determined

IV. ENRICHMENT
Answer the following by showing the solution:
1. Solve for x, .
2. Find the solution set of in interval notation.
3. Let . Represent the rational function through a table of values and graph.

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