Overview

As a result of the growing enlightenment ideas and the end of salutary neglect, the colonies
fought and won a revolutionary war creating a republic in the United States. However, these drastic
changes created monumental challenges in the new nation, resulting in the growth of political
parties, debates over federal power, and international quarrels with European countries. Ultimately,
the time period ended with the Revolution of 1800, where political power shifted from the
Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans with little resistance, indicating a peaceful transfer of
power in the republic.

Seven Years War (French and Indian War) 💣

The Ohio Valley and competition for resources such as beaver fur set the stage for a huge clash
between the British and the French. 💥 Although Benjamin Franklin had warned against an
inevitable conflict between the two powers and had suggested the Albany Plan to establish a
coordinated defense against an attack, the colonies were unwilling to give up their autonomy to unite
(AKA ALBANY PLAN NEVER HAPPENED). Upon the conclusion of a British victory 💪 and the
Treaty of Paris 1763 (IMPORTANT), the colonials believed they had shown their importance and
worth to the mother country. However, the crown and Parliament felt otherwise. Rather, they felt that
the colonies did not contribute enough and were thus responsible for paying for the costly war.
(Basically britain made colonists pay for the war and that made them upset bc wtf we
didn't even really start it, and YOU CAN USE THIS TAXATION BC OF THE WAR AS A
REASON THEY REVOLTED THIS IS CONTEXT FOR AMERICAN REVOLUTION JUST
CONNECT ALL OF THIS)

Taxes and Protests 🌎

Salutary neglect ended as Parliament began to enforce its mercantilistic policies and taxes to pay
for the costs of the French and Indian War. Although the Proclamation of 1763 offended many
western colonists, the real trouble began with implementing the Stamp Act in 1765. 📜 Previous
taxes often impacted the wealthy, but the stamp tax on all printed documents affected everybody. In
addition, this was the first time the colonists were expected to pay a direct tax.
Patrick Henry sparked a movement with his belief in No Taxation Without Representation.
Patriotic colonists united against the act, forming protest groups such as the Sons and Daughters
of Liberty. (THIS IS EVIDENCE. HE COUNTS VOCAB AS EVIDENCE. NAME DROP ALL
THE STUFFS. PATRICK HENRY IS EVIDENCE AND SO IS DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY. GET

THOSE FRQ POINTS) In addition, boycotts brought the colonies together under a
common cause and inflicted economic damages upon the British treasury.

King George III 👑 and Parliament implemented additional strategies for collecting revenue,
ultimately leading to the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable/Coercive Acts against the port of
Boston. 😠
These grievances were highlighted in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and influenced by
John Locke and other enlightened thinkers. 📝 Additionally, Thomas Paine's Common Sense
inspired a movement unified in the desire for independence.

New Governments after the war

As the war ended, the new nation learned how to govern itself. Although all states had created a
kind of colonial constitution at one point, trying to unite a nation was quite different. Fearing a
powerful central authority, the framers initially crafted the Articles of Confederation (booooo).
The Articles succeeded in negotiating a peace treaty, creating the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the
Northwest Ordinance of 1787; however, they failed miserably in protecting the economy, dealing
with foreign nations, and addressing domestic concerns, such as Shays' Rebellion. As a result,
calls for change led to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. (basically AoC was good
bc it was weak and showed us what to address in the constitution to be able to stop
uprisings like shays rebellion and collect taxes)

The Constitution

The delegates initially planned to revise the Articles of Confederation; however, after deliberation,
a new constitution emerged. Checks and Balances helped limit individual powers as a foundation
for their new constitution. Debates over slavery, trade, and representation resulted in multiple
compromises, such as the Three-Fifths Compromise.
The debate over ratification raged as factions, known as the Federalists and Anti-Federalists,
emerged (emergence of a two-party system!!!!). Federalists, supported by Alexander
Hamilton, supported the strong central government; Anti-Federalists, such as Thomas Jefferson,
supported strong state governments (implied vs enumerated powers). Anti-Federalists
ratified the Constitution only after the decision to add the Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties
was agreed upon by the Federalists. 📃
Hamilton's Financial Program

One of the most important issues facing the new nation was economic instability. 💵
Hamilton proposed a financial plan including a national bank, a tariff, and payment of the nation's
debt. Jefferson argued against the national bank claiming it was unconstitutional, invoking a strict
interpretation of the Constitution (enumerated powers). On the other hand, Hamilton supported
a loose interpretation of the Constitution, invoking the Necessary and Proper Clause of the
Constitution. Ultimately, the bank and plan to pay off the debts were approved in return for
establishing the nation's capital in Washington, D.C.

Foreign Affairs

During the early national period, the French Revolution was in full swing in Europe. Washington
advocated the policy of Neutrality while wars in Europe led to global issues. Attempts at maintaining
peace were made with Jay's weak Treaty with England and Pinckney's successful Treaty with
Spain (just remember which name went with which country that WAS a test
question last year!!!). 📜
However, issues with foreign countries spilled over into Adams' presidency as his colleagues
pressured him to wage war against France after the notorious XYZ Affair by his own party, the
Federalists. Adams successfully avoided a war with France; yet, his support of the Alien and
Sedition Acts appeared to counter the principles of free speech.

As the century winded down, those two issues became the focus of the next election, in which
Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams in the Revolution of 1800.
Key Ideas!!!!
APUSH Unit 3 Timeline

❖ 1754-1763 French and Indian War.

❖ 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War.
❖ 1763 Proclamation Act.
❖ 1764 Sugar Act.
❖ 1765 Stamp Act.
❖ 1767 Townshend Acts.
❖ 1770 Boston Massacre.
❖ 1773 Boston Tea Party
❖ 1774 First Continental Congress meets.
❖ 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord.
❖ 1775 Second Continental Congress meets.
❖ 1776 Common Sense published.
❖ 1781 Articles of Confederation ratified.
❖ 1783 Treaty of Paris ends the Revolutionary War
❖ 1786 Shays Rebellion
❖ 1788 Constitution ratified.
❖ 1789 George Washington inaugurated as the first President.
❖ 1791 Bill of Rights approved.
❖ 1794 Whiskey Rebellion
❖ 1796 John Adams elected.
❖ 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts.

Key Terms!!!

❖ Albany Plan
❖ Lexington and Concord Jay’s Treaty
❖ Proclamation of 1763
❖ Battle of Long Island
❖ XYZ Affair
❖ natural rights
❖ Valley Forge
❖ Sedition Act
❖ William Pitt
❖ Battle of Yorktown
❖ John Adams
❖ Sugar Act
❖ Treaty of Paris
❖ Stamp Act
❖ Articles of Confederation
❖ virtual representation
❖ Shay’s Rebellion
❖ Quartering Act
❖ Federalists
❖ Sons of Liberty
❖ Antifederalists
❖ Townshend Act
❖ George Washington
❖ nonimportation agreements
❖ William Howe
❖ committees of correspondence
❖ Baron Von Steuben
❖ Tea Act
❖ James Madison
❖ Continental Congress
❖ Judiciary Act
❖ Thomas Paine
❖ Bill of Rights
❖ Common Sense
❖ B.U.S.
❖ Samuel Adams
❖ French Revolution
❖ Thomas Jefferson
❖ Whiskey Rebellion
Major Themes!!!!

● Competition amongst foreign nations over resources in the new world led to the French and
Indian War between France and England.
● The desire of colonial governments to assert parliamentary rule during the attempts to raise
revenue by the British led to a movement for independence.
● Enlightenment Ideas supported the calls for revolution as England denies the colonies
representation in their Parliament. In addition, the same ideas emphasized talent over
bloodlines and an end to hereditary privilege.
● The victory over England resulted in migration westward and the creation of the Land
Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance to create guidelines for expansion.
● Ideological factions such as the Federalists and Anti-Federalists developed as the country
debated the creation of the new Constitution following the inability of the Articles of
Confederation to address the needs of the new nation.
● Political parties developed over debates centered around finance, foreign affairs, trade, and
domestic disputes.
● The expansion of slavery and disputes with Native Americans arose as migration patterns
carried settlers westward.
● The issue of slavery and equality is discussed as movements for abolition begin to arise in
northern states.