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Question ID 3009048e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Command of Easy

Ideas Evidence

ID: 3009048e

Area of Three Glaciers in the

2016 Swiss Glacier Inventory
50

40
Area (square km)

30

20

10

0
Glacier

Gorner
Fiescher
Unteraar

To monitor changes to glaciers in Switzerland, the government periodically measures them for features
like total area of ice and mean ice thickness, which are then reported in the Swiss Glacier Inventory.
These measurements can be used to compare the glaciers. For example, the Gorner glacier had ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

A. a larger area than either the Fiescher glacier or the Unteraar glacier.

B. a smaller area than the Fiescher glacier but a larger area than the Unteraar glacier.

C. a smaller area than either the Fiescher glacier or the Unteraar glacier.

D. a larger area than the Fiescher glacier but a smaller area than the Unteraar glacier.

ID: 3009048e Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale

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Choice A is the best answer. The claim is that measurements such as total area can be used to compare glaciers. The
graph shows us the area measurements for three glaciers. Of those, Gorner has the largest area.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice misreads the graph. The graph shows that Gorner has the largest area of the three.
Choice C is incorrect. This choice misreads the graph. The graph shows that Gorner has the largest area of the three.
Choice D is incorrect. This choice misreads the graph. The graph shows that Gorner has the largest area of the three.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID a0f3b38c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Command of Easy

Ideas Evidence

ID: a0f3b38c
Scientists have long believed that giraffes are mostly silent and communicate only visually with one
another. But biologist Angela Stöger and her team analyzed hundreds of hours of recordings of giraffes
in three European zoos and found that giraffes make a very low-pitched humming sound. The
researchers claim that the giraffes use these sounds to communicate when it’s not possible for them to
signal one another visually.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support Stöger and her team’s claim?

A. Giraffes have an excellent sense of vision and can see in color.

B. The giraffes only produced the humming sounds at night when they couldn’t see one another.

C. Wild giraffes have never been recorded making humming sounds.

D. Researchers observed other animals in European zoos humming.

ID: a0f3b38c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer because it presents a finding that, if true, would support Stöger and her team’s claim that
giraffes use humming to communicate when they cannot signal to one another visually. The text indicates that
scientists have long thought that giraffes produce little sound and exclusively rely on visual signals to communicate
with one another. The text goes on to say, however, that Stöger and her team have recorded giraffes in three European
zoos making a low-pitched humming sound, which the team claims the giraffes use to communicate when they cannot
see each other. If the giraffes produced these sounds when visual communication was impossible and never produced
them otherwise, that would support Stöger and her team’s claim about the circumstance in which giraffes make the
sound.

Choice A is incorrect because finding that giraffes have excellent vision and can see in color would have no bearing on
Stöger and her team’s claim that giraffes produce a low-pitched humming noise to communicate when they cannot
communicate visually. As presented in the text, Stöger and her team’s claim is restricted to circumstances in which
giraffes cannot signal one another visually; if the giraffes are unable to signal visually, their sense of vision is irrelevant
to their communication. Choice C is incorrect because finding that wild giraffes have never been recorded making
humming noises would not support Stöger and her team’s claim about the function of the humming noise that the
researchers recorded from the giraffes in European zoos. The text provides no information about whether researchers
have even attempted to record low-pitched humming in wild giraffes, so nothing can be concluded about the
implications of the lack of such recordings. Choice D is incorrect because finding that other animals in European zoos
had been observed humming would not support Stöger and her team’s claim, since it would not indicate anything about
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had been observed humming would not support Stöger and her team’s claim, since it would not indicate anything about
why giraffes produce humming sounds. Different species could produce similar sounds for different purposes, so
scientists could not conclude anything about the function of giraffe humming from a finding that some other animals in
zoos also hum.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID 2e16d315
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Command of Easy

Ideas Evidence

ID: 2e16d315
Number and Origin of Clamshell Tools Found at Different Depths below the Surface in Neanderthal Cave
Depth of tools found below Clamshells that Neanderthals Clamshells that Neanderthals
surface in cave (meters) collected from the beach harvested from the seafloor

2–3 7 0

3–4 99 33

4–5 2 0

5–6 18 7

6–7 1 0
Two kinds of clamshell tools used by Neanderthals were dug up in a cave on the western coast of Italy.
Archaeologist Paola Villa and her colleagues studied the tools and determined that Neanderthals either
collected clams that had washed onto the beach or harvested clams from the seafloor and then
sharpened the shells to make tools. The highest number of tools made from clamshells that were
collected from the beach was found at a depth of ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

A. 5–6 meters below the surface.

B. 4–5 meters below the surface.

C. 3–4 meters below the surface.

D. 6–7 meters below the surface.

ID: 2e16d315 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer because it most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement about the
depth at which the highest number of tools made from clamshells that Neanderthals collected from the beach was

found. The table presents the depths at which Neanderthal clamshell tools were found, and, for each depth, the number
of those tools made from clamshells that washed up on the beach and the number made from clamshells harvested
from the seafloor. The table indicates that the highest number made from clamshells collected from the beach was 99
and that these tools were found at a depth of 3–4 meters.
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and that these tools were found at a depth of 3–4 meters.

Choice A is incorrect because the table indicates that 18 tools made from clamshells collected from the beach were
found at a depth of 5–6 meters, which is fewer than the 99 tools found at a depth of 3–4 meters. Choice B is incorrect
because the table indicates that 2 tools made from clamshells collected from the beach were found at a depth of 4–5
meters, which is fewer than the 99 tools found at a depth of 3–4 meters. Choice D is incorrect because the table
indicates that 1 tool made from clamshells collected from the beach was found at a depth of 6–7 meters, which is
fewer than the 99 tools found at a depth of 3–4 meters.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID b7c5b4e4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Central Ideas and Easy
Ideas Details

ID: b7c5b4e4
Shimmering is a collective defense behavior that researchers have observed in giant honeybee colonies.
When shimmering, different groups of bees flip their bodies up and down in what looks like waves. This
defense is initiated when hornets hover near a colony, serving to deter the hornets from approaching the
bees. Researchers hypothesize that this behavior is a specialized defense response to hornets, as it is
not observed when other, larger predators approach the colony.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. Researchers are unsure how giant honeybees defend against predators larger than hornets.

B. Researchers think that shimmering in giant honeybees is a specific defense against hornets.

C. Hornets are known to be the main predator of giant honeybees.

D. Several different species of insects use shimmering to defend against hornets.

ID: b7c5b4e4 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The text describes a study about how giant honeybees use shimmering to defend against
hornets, but not other predators. The researchers conclude that shimmering could be a specialized defense response
to hornets.

Choice A is incorrect. The text says that giant honeybees don’t appear to use shimmering against other, larger
predators. However, it never suggests that researchers don’t know which other defenses giant honeybees do use for
those predators. Choice C is incorrect. The text says that hornets are one predator of giant honeybees, but it doesn’t
say that hornets are the main predator of giant honeybees. This choice also fails to mention “shimmering,” which is a
major focus of the text. Choice D is incorrect. The text only discusses the shimmering of giant honeybees—it doesn’t
discuss other insects’ defense responses at all.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID 26267909
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Inferences Easy

Ideas

ID: 26267909
One aspect of in-person shopping that online shopping can’t replicate is the opportunity to touch a
product before buying it. Does this difference matter? In an experiment, researchers asked one group of
participants to touch a mug and a toy, while another group was prohibited from touching the two items.
The participants were then asked how much money they’d pay for the items. People who got to touch
the items were willing to pay much more money for them than were people who weren’t allowed to
touch the items. This finding suggests that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. people who mainly shop online probably spend more money every month than people who mainly
shop in person do.

B. in-person shopping may make products seem more valuable than they seem if only viewed online.

C. retailers with in-person and online stores should charge the same price for a given product in both
places.

D. online retailers may be able to raise the prices they charge for products that are only available online.

ID: 26267909 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The text tells us that “people who got to touch the items were willing to pay much more
money for them than people who weren’t allowed to touch” them. This suggests that being able to interact with a
product in person may make it seem more valuable to a shopper.

Choice A is incorrect. The text doesn’t discuss how much people spend each month, so there’s not much basis for this
claim. Furthermore, since being able to touch a product tends to make people “willing to pay much more money” for it,
we might predict that an online shopper would be willing to spend less on the same purchases as an in-person
shopper. Choice C is incorrect. The text doesn’t discuss what retailers “should charge,” so there’s not much basis for
this claim. Furthermore, the study in the text suggests that in-person stores may actually be able to charge more for a
given product, since shoppers can touch it. Choice D is incorrect. The text doesn’t discuss products that are only
available online, so there’s not much basis for this claim. Furthermore, products only available online would still have

the problem of shoppers not being able to touch them, and the study suggests that this lowers the prices shoppers are
willing to pay.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID a380e0c7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Central Ideas and Easy
Ideas Details

ID: a380e0c7
Bicycles were first mass-produced in the late nineteenth century throughout Europe and North America,
allowing individuals remarkable freedom to travel longer distances quickly and comfortably. This
freedom, coupled with the affordability of the vehicle, made the bicycle immensely popular. Individuals
were able to live farther from their workplaces, easily visit neighboring towns, and participate in new
leisure and sport activities. Bicycling quickly became a popular social endeavor, with enthusiasts
forming local cycling clubs to enjoy these newfound activities with others.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. The widespread adoption of the bicycle in the late nineteenth century provided new opportunities for
people.

B. The affordability of the bicycle in the late nineteenth century made it the preferred way to travel.

C. The popularity of the bicycle in the late nineteenth century gave rise to the first cycling clubs.

D. The mass production of the bicycle in the late nineteenth century made it safer for people to use.

ID: a380e0c7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. The text discusses how the mass production of bicycles in the late nineteenth century
allowed people to travel longer distances, live farther from their workplaces, visit neighboring towns, and participate in
new activities and social clubs. All of these are new opportunities that were provided by the widespread adoption of the
bicycle.

Choice B is incorrect. The text never says this. It does say that the bicycle was “affordable,” and that the “freedom to
travel longer distances quickly and comfortably” made the bicycle “popular,” but it never says that the bicycle was more
popular than any other way of traveling (like cars or trains or horses). Choice C is incorrect. This is a detail mentioned
in the text, but not the main idea. Cycling clubs are only one of the new opportunities that arose from the popularity of
the mass-produced bicycle. A “main idea” should capture more of the information in the text. Choice D is incorrect. The
text never says this. It doesn’t mention the safety of the mass-produced bicycle at all.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID 4dc3479b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Inferences Easy

Ideas

ID: 4dc3479b
To create the poems in her 2017 collection One Last Word, poet Nikki Grimes used a writing method
called the golden shovel. This method often involves choosing a line from an existing poem and then
using each word from that line as the last word of each line in a new poem. Grimes wanted the poems in
One Last Word to honor important Black poets of the past, so she chose lines by poets such as
Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson. Writing in this way can be challenging and might seem
as though it would produce awkward poems. However, reviewers praised One Last Word as a beautiful
and powerful tribute to the poets who inspired it. This reaction suggests that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. most reviewers didn’t understand Grimes’s goal for One Last Word.

B. Grimes successfully used the golden shovel method to achieve her goal for One Last Word.

C. Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson are two of Grimes’s favorite poets.

D. Grimes inspired many other writers to create poems using the golden shovel method.

ID: 4dc3479b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Nikki Grimes’s poetry
collection One Last Word. The text explains that Grimes used a writing method called the golden shovel to create the
poems in her book. According to the text, the method involves basing a new poem on a line from an existing poem. The
text then mentions Langston Hughes and Georgia Douglas Johnson as examples of important Black poets whose lines
of poetry form the basis of Grimes’s poems. The text goes on to say that this writing method is difficult and that the
resulting poems can be awkward, but reviewers have positively reviewed Grimes’s book. If the reviewers of One Last
Word specifically note that the work is a “beautiful and powerful tribute to the poets who inspired it,” then they must
have appreciated how Grimes used the golden shovel method to pay tribute to other poets. This suggests that Grimes
was successful in using the golden shovel method to achieve her goal of honoring Black poets in her book.

Choice A is incorrect because the reaction suggests that most reviewers did understand Grimes’s goal for her book.
According to the text, the reviewers noted that the poems in her book were a “beautiful and powerful tribute to the
poets who inspired it.” Earlier, the text claims that Grimes intended the poems “to honor important Black poets of the

past,” so in their praise of her book, the reviewers clearly indicated that they understood Grimes’s goal. Choice C is
incorrect. Although it’s likely that Grimes sought to honor Hughes and Johnson in her book of poetry because they’re
among her favorite poets, this fact isn’t suggested by the reviewers’ positive reaction to her book. Instead, the reaction
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among her favorite poets, this fact isn’t suggested by the reviewers’ positive reaction to her book. Instead, the reaction
suggests that Grimes was successful in her use of the golden shovel method. Choice D is incorrect because the text
doesn’t discuss whether other writers were inspired by Grimes to use the golden shovel method in their poetry. The text
mentions the poets Hughes and Johnson as examples of poets honored in Grimes’s book and describes reviewers’
positive reception of her book, but it doesn’t detail Grimes’s impact on other writers.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID cec9c34f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Command of Easy

Ideas Evidence

ID: cec9c34f
A museum curator is writing a biographical statement about Trinidadian-born Chinese dancer,
choreographer, and teacher Dai Ailian for a new exhibit on Chinese dance. The curator claims that some
of the pieces Dai created shortly after arriving in mainland China in 1941, such as the solo dance Yao
Drum, reflect a desire to represent the dances of local communities Dai visited during her travels through
China.

Which quotation from a work by a dance historian would be the most effective evidence for the curator
to include in support of this claim?
A. “There is no sound or music accompanying Dai’s movements in Yao Drum, aside from the sounds of
drumsticks beating against a drum and against each other.”

B. “Unlike some of the works Dai created in the early 1940s, Yao Drum does not feature a narrative
structure, humorous elements, or references to real-life events.”

C. “Yao Drum was inspired by a ceremonial dance Dai witnessed during her time performing field
research among the Yao people in the province of Guizhou in 1941 or 1942.”

D. “Yao Drum is notable for its intense physicality, with Dai performing sharp jumps, swift turns, and
dramatic sweeps of her legs through the air as she moves in circles on the stage.”

ID: cec9c34f Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. This choice clearly states that Yao Drum was inspired by a ceremonial dance of the Yao
people. This directly supports the curator’s claim that some of Dai’s pieces “represent the dances of local
communities” she visited.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice discusses the sound and music in Yao Drum, but it doesn’t connect these elements
to “the dances of local communities,” which is the focus of the claim. Choice B is incorrect. This choice doesn’t
mention the dances of local communities, but instead discusses how Yao Drum is different from some of Dai’s earlier
works. Choice D is incorrect. This choice describes the choreography of Yao Drum, but it doesn’t connect these
elements to “the dances of local communities,” which is the focus of the claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID b5c05ec8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Inferences Easy

Ideas

ID: b5c05ec8
Off-off-Broadway theaters emerged in the late 1950s as a rebellion against mainstream Broadway
theaters in New York, freeing artists to create productions that were more experimental than typical
Broadway shows. One such artist was playwright María Irene Fornés. Working with off-off Broadway
theaters enabled Fornés not only to direct her own plays but also to direct them exactly as she intended
them to be staged, regardless of how strange the results might have seemed to audiences accustomed
to Broadway shows. In this way, Fornés ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. wrote plays that would have been too expensive to produce if someone else had directed the
production.

B. recognized that staging an off-off-Broadway play was more complicated than staging a Broadway
play.

C. would have been more famous if she had created plays that were mainstream instead of
experimental.

D. illustrates the artistic opportunity offered by off-off Broadway theaters.

ID: b5c05ec8 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. The text says that off-off-Broadway theaters allowed artists to create more experimental
shows, and then discusses how Fornés was free to direct her own “strange” plays however she wanted. This suggests
that Fornés exemplifies the artistic freedom of off-off Broadway theaters.

Choice A is incorrect. This inference isn’t supported. The text never discusses the costs of production, so we can’t
logically make this claim. Choice B is incorrect. This inference isn’t supported. The text never discusses the complexity
of staging plays either on Broadway or off-off Broadway, so there’s no basis to make this inference. Choice C is
incorrect. This inference isn’t supported. The text never discusses fame at all, so there’s no basis to make this
inference.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID def04067
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Command of Easy

Ideas Evidence

ID: def04067
Results of Footprint Analysis for Two Sets of Theropod Tracks
Estimated footprint length Average stride length Estimated mean speed (meters
Tracks (centimeters) (meters) per second)

La Torre
32.8 5.23 6.5–10.3
6A

La Torre
28.9 5.57 8.8–12.4
6B
The table shows data from paleontologist Angélica Torices and colleagues’ 2021 study of two sets of
dinosaur tracks preserved in a fossilized lake bed in Spain. The tracks, referred to as La Torre 6A and La
Torre 6B, were left by two individual theropods (dinosaurs that walked on two legs). The team’s findings
suggest that of the two theropods, the one that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a higher maximum mean
speed, ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the claim?
A. a longer footprint, and a longer average stride.

B. a longer footprint, and a shorter average stride.

C. a shorter footprint, and a longer average stride.

D. a shorter footprint, and a shorter average stride.

ID: def04067 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer because it most effectively uses data from the table to complete the claim about the
tracks left by two therapods. The table indicates that the set of tracks labeled La Torre 6A has an estimated footprint
length of 32.8 centimeters, an average stride length of 5.23 meters, and an estimated mean speed of 6.5–10.3 meters
per second. For the set of tracks labeled La Torre 6B, on the other hand, the estimated footprint length is 28.9
centimeters, the average stride length is 5.57 meters, and the estimated mean speed is 8.8–12.4 meters per second.
Therefore, the therapod that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a shorter footprint and a longer average stride than the one

that left the La Torre 6A tracks.

Choice A is incorrect. While it is true that of the two therapods, the one that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a longer
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Choice A is incorrect. While it is true that of the two therapods, the one that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a longer
average stride, it didn’t have a longer footprint: the table shows that its estimated footprint length is 28.9 centimeters,
while La Torre 6A’s estimated footprint length is 32.8 centimeters. Choice B is incorrect because the table shows that
of the two therapods, the one that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a footprint length estimated at 28.9 centimeters,
which is shorter than the 32.8 centimeters estimated for the other set of tracks. Moreover, the therapod that left the La
Torre 6B tracks had a longer average stride, not shorter: 5.57 meters, compared with 5.23 meters for the other set of
tracks. Choice D is incorrect. While it is true that of the two therapods, the one that left the La Torre 6B tracks had a
shorter footprint, it didn’t have a shorter average stride: the table shows that its average stride length is 5.57 meters,
while La Torre 6A’s average stride length is 5.23 meters.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID b8ee13cc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Information and Central Ideas and Easy
Ideas Details

ID: b8ee13cc
In 2014, Amelia Quon and her team at NASA set out to build a helicopter capable of flying on Mars.
Because Mars’s atmosphere is only one percent as dense as Earth’s, the air of Mars would not provide
enough resistance to the rotating blades of a standard helicopter for the aircraft to stay aloft. For five
years, Quon’s team tested designs in a lab that mimicked Mars’s atmospheric conditions. The craft the
team ultimately designed can fly on Mars because its blades are longer and rotate faster than those of a
helicopter of the same size built for Earth.

According to the text, why would a helicopter built for Earth be unable to fly on Mars?

A. Because Mars and Earth have different atmospheric conditions

B. Because the blades of helicopters built for Earth are too large to work on Mars

C. Because the gravity of Mars is much weaker than the gravity of Earth

D. Because helicopters built for Earth are too small to handle the conditions on Mars

ID: b8ee13cc Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer because it presents an explanation about a helicopter that is directly supported by the text.
The text states that Mars’s atmosphere is much less dense than Earth’s, and as a result, the air on Mars doesn’t provide
the resistance required to support the blades of a helicopter built for Earth and to keep the helicopter aloft. In other
words, a helicopter built for Earth can’t fly on Mars because of the differences in the two planets’ atmospheres.

Choice B is incorrect because instead of stating that the blades of helicopters built for Earth are too large to work on
Mars, the text indicates that the helicopter built to fly on Mars actually has even longer blades than a helicopter built for
Earth. Choice C is incorrect because the text never addresses the role of gravity on Mars or on Earth; instead, it focuses
on atmospheric conditions. Choice D is incorrect because the text doesn’t indicate that helicopters built for Earth are
too small to operate in the conditions on Mars. In fact, the text states that the size of the helicopter built to fly on Mars
is the same size as a helicopter built for Earth, even though it has longer blades that rotate faster.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID 5046a8e3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Words in Context Easy

ID: 5046a8e3
In the mid-nineteenth century, some abolitionist newspapers ______ westward migration in the United
States; by printing a letter that described the easy fortunes and high salaries miners could make in
California during the Gold Rush, Frederick Douglass’s newspaper North Star was one such publication
that inspired readers to relocate.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. stimulated

B. assigned

C. opposed

D. disregarded

ID: 5046a8e3 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "Stimulated" means "encouraged interest or increased activity in." Because the
newspapers discussed the benefits of westward migration and "inspired readers to relocate," we can infer that they
encouraged people to move west.

Choice B is incorrect. "Assigned" means "gave a job or duty." Newspapers do not have the power to assign people to
move west, although they can encourage it. Choice C is incorrect. "Opposed" means "disapproved of." We can tell that
this isn’t the case, because the newspapers discussed "the easy fortunes and high salaries miners could make in
California" and "inspired readers to relocate." Choice D is incorrect. "Disregarded" means "ignored." If the newspapers
are writing about the west and "inspir[ing] readers to relocate," they can’t be ignoring it at the same time.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID e8f27b8f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Words in Context Easy

ID: e8f27b8f
Sumerian civilization (which lasted from around 3300 to 2000 BCE) ______ many concepts that persist
into present-day civilizations: for example, the first description of the seven-day week appears in the
Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. transformed

B. introduced

C. inherited

D. overlooked

ID: e8f27b8f Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the contributions of the
Sumerian civilization. In this context, “introduced” means brought into practice or use. The text states that the first
reference to a seven-day week appears in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. The text presents this information about the
seven-day week as an example of a concept introduced by the Sumerian civilization that persists into present-day
civilizations.

Choice A is incorrect because nothing in the text suggests that the Sumerian civilization “transformed,” or changed the
nature of, concepts that persist into present-day civilizations. Instead, the text’s presentation of a Sumerian literary
work that contains the first description of the seven-day week is an example of the phenomenon described in the first
half of the sentence, suggesting that the Sumerians invented many concepts that still persist. Choice C is incorrect
because the information that a Sumerian literary work includes the first description of the seven-day week suggests
that Sumerian civilization may have originated the seven-day week and other concepts that persist into present-day
civilizations, not that it “inherited” the concepts, or received them from an ancestral figure or culture. Choice D is
incorrect because the information that Sumerian civilization produced the first description of the seven-day week is
presented as an example of the phenomenon described in the first half of the sentence, suggesting that Sumerian
civilization originated this and other concepts that still persist, not that the Sumerians “overlooked,” or failed to notice
or consider, such concepts.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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Question ID b96328a5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Cross-Text Easy

Connections

ID: b96328a5
Text 1
American sculptor Edmonia Lewis is best known for her sculptures that represent figures from history
and mythology, such as The Death of Cleopatra and Hagar. Although Lewis sculpted other subjects, her
career as a sculptor is best represented by the works in which she depicted these historical and
mythical themes.

Text 2
Art historians have typically ignored the many portrait busts Edmonia Lewis created. Lewis likely carved
these busts (sculptures of a person’s head) frequently throughout her long career. She is known for her
sculptures that represent historical figures, but Lewis likely supported herself financially by carving
portrait busts for acquaintances who paid her to represent their features. Thus, Lewis’s portrait busts
are a central aspect of her career as a sculptor.

Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement?

A. Lewis’s portrait busts have overshadowed her other work.

B. The Death of Cleopatra is Lewis’s most famous piece.

C. Sculpting representations of historical figures was a short-lived trend.

D. Lewis’s works are varied in the subjects they depict.

ID: b96328a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. Author 1 acknowledges that Lewis sculpted other subjects besides historical and mythical
figures, suggesting a variety of subjects depicted. Author 2 mentions that Lewis carved portrait busts as well as
historical sculptures, which also implies variation among Lewis’s subjects.

Choice A is incorrect. Neither text suggests that Lewis’s portrait busts have received more attention or appreciation
than her other work. Author 1 briefly mentions her “other works,” but mostly focuses on her historical and mythical
works. Author 2 states that art historians have typically ignored her portrait busts, which suggests that they haven’t
overshadowed her other work. Choice B is incorrect. Neither text explicitly states that The Death of Cleopatra is Lewis’s
most famous piece. Author 1 mentions it as one example of her historical works, but does not single it out as being
more important or influential than Hagar. Author 2 does not mention it at all, focusing instead on her portrait busts.
Choice C is incorrect. This choice isn’t supported by the texts. Neither text suggests that sculpting historical figures
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Choice C is incorrect. This choice isn’t supported by the texts. Neither text suggests that sculpting historical figures
was a trend that faded quickly.

Question Difficulty: Easy

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