STRINGS IN PYTHON

Strings are contiguous series of characters enclosed in single or double quotes. Python doesn’t
have any separate data type for characters so they are represented as a single character string.
For eg:
>>> s_name = “Amit” # s_name is a variable storing a string.
>>>s = ‘a’ #String can also be enclosed in single quotes
How to Create Strings in Python?
Creating strings: To create string enclose the character or sequence of character in Single or Double
Quotes like shown below
>>> s_name = “Amit” #String enclosed in double quotes
>>>s = ‘a’ # String enclosed in Single Quotes
We can also use str() function to create string:
N = str () # This function will create an empty string
name = str(1234) # This will create a variable name which store a string “1234”
If we execute the following code:
>>>print(name)
Output will come 1234
TRAVERSING STRINGS IN PYTHON:
Traversing a String: It means accessing all the elements of the string one by one using index value.
St = “PYTHON”

Strings in Python
St[1] = Y St[5] = N St[-1] = N St[-6] = P

Iterating through string using for loop:

Traversing the strings in Python using for loop
Code output
str="Welcome" W
for i in str: e
print(i) l
c
o
m
e
str="Welcome" Welcome
for i in str:
print(i,end='')
str="Welcome" W#e#l#c#o#m#e#
for i in str:
print(i,end='#')
OPERATION OF STRINGS IN PYTHON
Concatenation: It refers to joining two or more strings together and WelcomePython
form a new string.
str1="Welcome"
str2 = "Python" (No space between the two words.)
newstr = str1 + str2
print(newstr)
Replicating: It refers to making multiple copies of the same string. WelcomeWelcomeWelcome
str1="Welcome"
str2 = str1*3 New string with three copies of
print(str2) original str1

Membership Operators :
Membership Operator : OUTPUT
There are two membership operators:
1. ‘in’ operator returns True if a substring is present in main string
2. ‘not in’ operator returns True if a substring is not present in main string.

str1 = “Welcome”
print(‘com’ in str1) True
print(‘W’ in str1) True
print(‘Wel’ not in str1) False

String Comparison :
OUTPUT
We can compare the string using relational/comparison operator like
(>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=)
False
print(“amit” == “Amit”)
True
print(“amit” != “Amit”)
False
print(“blog” > “z”)
String slicing in Python
String Slicing: It means to get a slice from a main string. In simple
words we can say that slicing is to get a piece of substring from the
main string.
Syntax: string-name[start:end:step]
(Here end is excluded)
str1= "Informatics"
print(str1[1:5]) nfor

print(str1[3:9]) ormati

print(str1[-10:-5]) nform

print(str1[:]) Informatics

print(str1[:6]) Inform

print(str1[::2]) Ifrais

print(str1[::-1]) scitamrofnI

Note: Last code is to reverse the string

NOTE: Strings are immutable means that the content of the string cannot be changed
 str1 = "Informatics" Traceback (most recent call last):
str1[2]='p'
File "main.py", line 2, in <module>

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item

assignment
We can not change the character in the String
Inbuilt Functions of Strings in Python:
Function
Description Code Output
Name

This function splits

the string into a list str = ” I am Learning Python” [‘I’ , ‘am’ , ‘Learning’ ,
split()
of string on the print(str.split()) ‘Python’ ]
basis of delimiter

This function
str = ” I am Learning Python”
upper() converts the string I AM LEARNING PYTHON
print(str.upper())
into uppercase

This function
converts the str = ” I am Learning Python”
lower() i am learning python
string into print(str.lower())
lowercase

This function
replaces a substring
from the main
str = ” I am Learning Python”
string.
newstr=str.replace
replace() As strings are I am Doing Python
(“Learning”,”Doing”)
immutable
print(newstr)
so this function
creates a new
string

This function
return the index of str = “I am Learning Python”
find() 2
substring in a main print(str.find(‘am’))
string.

This function
str = “I am Learning Python”
len() returns the length 20
print(len(str))
of the string.

This function is str=” I am Learning Python”

used to remove print(len(str)) 25
strip()
leading and strnew=str.strip() 20
trailing print(len(strnew))
 Whitespaces
from the string.

This function
counts the number str=”I am Learning Python”
2
count() of occurrences of a print(str.count(‘a’))
3
substring in main print(str.count(‘n’))
string

This function
converts the first
alphabet of the
str=”I am Learning Python”
capitalize() string to upper case I am learning python
print(str.capitalize())
and all other
alphabets in small
case

This function
returns the lowest str=”I am Learning Python”
index() 2
index of substring print(str.index(‘a’))
in a string.

This function
returns True if it’s
made of
str=”I am Learning Python”
alphanumeric
print(str.isalnum()) False (#it contain spaces)
characters
isalnum()
only.
str=”IamLearningPython” True
If there is one
print(str.isalnum())
space in a string,
this function will
return False.

str=”12345678″
This function True(#only digits)
print(str.isdigit())
returns True if all
isdigit() the characters in
the string are digits
str=”12345678A”
otherwise False. False(#contain alphabet)
print(str.isdigit())

This function str=”I am Learning Python” False(#contain upper case

returns True if all print(str.islower()) alphabet)
islower() the characters in
the string are in str=”i am learning python”
lower case print(str.islower()) True

This function str=”I am Learning Python” False(#contain small case)

isupper() returns print(str.isupper())
True if all the
 characters in the str=”I AM LEARNING PYTHON”
string are in upper print(str.isupper()) True
case

str=”I am Learning Python” False

print(str.isspace())
This function
returns True if all
str=” “
isspace() the characters in
print(str.isspace()) True (#contain only space)
the string is
whitespace.
str = “”
print(str.isspace()) False

This function
converts the given
string in title str=”i am learning python”
istitle() I Am Learning Python
case(first alphabet print(str.title())
of each word is in
upper case).

This function
converts
str=”I am Learning Python”
swapcase() the lowercase i AM lEARNING pYTHON
print(str.swapcase())
characters to upper
case and vice-versa.

Practice Questions
1. Write a program to count the frequency of a character in a string.
str=input("Enter any String")
ch=input("Enter the character")
print(str.count(ch))

Q2. Write a program to accept a string and return a string having first letter of each word in capital.
str=input("Enter any String")
print(str.title())

Q3. Write a program to accept a string and display the following:

1. Number of uppercase characters
2. Numbers of lowercase characters
3. Total number of alphabets
4. Number of digits
str=input("Enter any String")
u=0
L=0
d=0
l = len(str)
for i in range(l):
 if str[i].isupper():
u = u+1
if str[i].islower():
L=L+1
if str[i].isdigit():
d = d+1
print("Total Upper Case Characters are: ", u)
print("Total Lower Case Characters are: ", L)
print("Total Characters are: ", L + u)
print("Total digits are: ", d)

Q4. Write a program to reverse a string.

str=input("Enter any String")
print(str[::-1])
Predict the output of the following codes:
Q.NO CODINGS OUTPUT
1) for i in range(5): 1
print(i) 2
3
4
2) for i in (1,2,3): 1
print(i) 2
3
3) for i in (2,3,4): i
print("i") i
i
4) for i in (4,3,2,1,0): 43210
print(i, end=" ")

5) for i in range(10): Hello 1

if(i%2!=0): Hello 3
print("Hello",i) Hello 5
Hello 7
Hello 9
6) for i in range(10,2,-2): 10 Hello
print(i, "Hello") 8 Hello
6 Hello
4 Hello
7) str = "Python Output based Questions" Python
word=str.split() Output
for i in word: based
print(i) Questions
8) for i in range(7,10): Python Output based
print("Python Output based Questions") Questions Python Output
print("Python Output based Questions") based Questions Python
Output based Questions
Python Output based
Questions
9) for i in range(7,-2,-9): 0
for j in range(i): 1
print(j) 2
 3
4
5
6
10) i="9" 9
for k in i:
print(k)
11) for i in range(1,8): 1
print(i) 2
i+=2 3
4
5
6
7
12) for i in range(4,7): Hello
i=i+3 Hello
print("Hello") Hello
13) for i in range(4,7): Hello 7
i=i+3 Hello 8
print("Hello",i) Hello 9
14) i=4 7
while(i<10): 10
i=i+3
print(i)
15) for i in range(20): 0
if i//4==0: 1
print(i) 2
3
16) x=1234 123
while x%10: 12
x=x//10 1
print(x) 0
17) for i in 1,2,3: 1
print(i*i) 4
9
18) for i in 2,4,6: HH
print("H"*i) HHHH
HHHHHH
19) for i in 123: TypeError
print(i)
20) for i in [10,20,30]: Hello 10
print("Hello",i) Hello 20
Hello 30
21) x=2 2
for i in range(x**2,x,-1): 2
print(x)
22) s=0 0
for i in range(5): 1
s=s+i 3
print(s) 6
10
23) x=5 25
64
while(x<15): 121
print(x**2) 196
 x+=3

24) a=7 12
b=5 13

while(a<9):
print(a+b)
a+=1
25) b=5 H
H
while(b<9): H
print("H") H
b+=1
26) x=15 Hello

while(x==15):
print("Hello")
x=x-3
27) x = "123" a
for i in x: a
print("a") a
28) i=2 3
for x in range(i): 3
i+=1 4
print(i) 4
print(i)
29) i=2 1
2
for x in range(i): 2
x+=1
print(x)
print(x)

30) i=2 1
x
for x in range(i): 2
x+=1 x
print(x)
print("x")
31) a=7 Error
for i in 7:
print(a)
32) a = "AMIT" AMIT
for i in range(len(a)): AMIT
print(a) AMIT
AMIT
33) for i in range(0,2,-1): No output
print("Hello")