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Calculus_Notes_JEE_Mains (1)

Calculus notes

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3 views

Calculus_Notes_JEE_Mains (1)

Calculus notes

Uploaded by

sagarishita00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Notes for JEE Mains

1. Differential Calculus
Functions and Their Properties

- Definition: A function f : A -> B is a relation such that every element of A is mapped to a unique

element in B.

- Domain & Range: Domain is the set of input values, and Range is the set of output values.

- Types of Functions:

* One-One (Injective): f(a) = f(b) implies a = b.

* Onto (Surjective): Every element in B has a pre-image in A.

* Even Function: f(-x) = f(x).

* Odd Function: f(-x) = -f(x).

* Periodic Function: f(x + T) = f(x), smallest T is the period.

Limits and Continuity

- Limit: lim x -> a f(x) = L if f(x) approaches L as x -> a.

- Key Formulas:

* lim x -> 0 (sin x / x) = 1.

* lim x -> 0 [(1 - cos x) / x^2] = 1/2.

- L'Hopital's Rule: For 0/0 or infinity/infinity forms:

lim x -> a [f(x) / g(x)] = lim x -> a [f'(x) / g'(x)].

- Continuity: f(x) is continuous if lim x -> a f(x) = f(a).

Differentiability

- A function is differentiable at x = a if f'(a) exists:

f'(a) = lim h -> 0 [(f(a+h) - f(a)) / h].


Applications of Derivatives

- Maxima & Minima:

* Critical Points: f'(x) = 0.

* Second Derivative Test: f''(x) > 0 (minima), f''(x) < 0 (maxima).

- Monotonicity:

* Increasing: f'(x) > 0.

* Decreasing: f'(x) < 0.

2. Integral Calculus
Indefinite Integration

- General Formula: integral f'(x) dx = f(x) + C.

- Standard Integrals:

* integral x^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C (n != -1).

* integral e^x dx = e^x + C, integral 1/x dx = ln|x| + C.

* integral sin x dx = -cos x + C.

- Methods of Integration:

* Substitution Method.

* Integration by Parts: integral u v dx = u(integral v dx) - integral (u' integral v dx) dx.

* Partial Fractions.

Definite Integration

- Properties of Definite Integrals:

* integral [a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a), where F'(x) = f(x).

* integral [a to b] f(x) dx = -integral [b to a] f(x) dx.

* integral [a to a] f(x) dx = 0.

- Key Applications:

* Calculation of Area under Curves.

* Symmetry: integral [-a to a] f(x) dx = 2 * integral [0 to a] f(x) dx (if f is even).

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