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Atharva Devade
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WHAT IS AN ESTIMATE?

• The process of calculating the quantities and cost


of the various items required in connection with the work.• A forecast of the ACCOMPANIMENTS OF AN ESTIMATE • Cover page mentioning name of the
probable cost of the project• It is prepared by calculating the quantities fromproject, accounting head,division and subdivision of project, etc.• Reports
the drawings for the various items required to complete the project and multi- discussing brief history and necessity of the project, outline of the work,
plied by unit cost of the item.• The process of preparing the estimate is knownarrangement and allocation of funds, etc• Quantity sheet showing quantities
of each possible item of construction• Abstract showing estimated cost of
as estimating.• An estimate is never the actual cost of the work, it is always a
probable cost. the project.• A complete set of drawings.• Description of special specification
for items not covered in standard specification• Detailed analysis of rates for
REQUIRED DATA FOR PREPARING AN ESTIMATE • A complete set of fully dimen-
items not mentioned in the schedule of rates.• Structural calculations for the
sioned detailed drawings – Elevations and sections through important points
load bearing members of the project.• Requirements of materials of different
• Properties and proportions of material• Labor wage record• Price list of ma-
varieties.
terials• Scale to measure the missing dimensions• Hand books for reference
QUALITIES OF AN ESTIMATOR • the estimator must have good knowledge of
PURPOSE OF ESTIMATION • To identify necessary amount of money required mensuration and simple trigonometry.• Knowledge of construction methods
by the owner to complete the proposed work.• To identify quantities of and procedures, materials, labor problems, specifications and local customs.
material required in order to program their timely procurement.• To calculate • Estimator must possess ability to read and interrupt drawings accurately &
number of different categories of workers.• To assess the requirement of efficiently.• Estimator must possess accuracy in calculations and cost.• Ex-
tools, plants and equipments required.• To fix the completion period• To draw cellent personal qualities such as common sense, skill, experience, foresight,
a construction schedule & programme and also to arrange funds required good judgment & patience.
according to the programming.• To invite tenders• Estimate for an existing
property is required for the valuation.

CONTINGENCIES
SPOT ITEMS • It is the amount for the uncertain & miscellaneous items which cannot be
• Some of the spot items are as following-• Constructing opening in the exist- classified under distinct item of the project.• Its amount varies from 5% to 10%
ing wall.• Demolishing existing structure.• Connecting an old building with a of the total cost, usually being 5%.• Ex. Amount to be spent on supervising
new building.• Connecting a old roof to new roof.• Clearing the site, etc staff from owner side.terials• Scale to measure the missing dimensions• Hand
Cement Companies Tile paints STeel books for reference
1.A P CEMENT CONCRETE Kajaria Ceramics Ltd. Asian Paints 1. JSW Neo Steel PRIME COST• When the quantities of various items are being worked out, it
2.A R Industries And Trading Somany Ceramics Ltd. Berger Paints 2.TATA Tiscon
3.AA ENERGY LIMITED HSIL Ltd. Kansai Nerolac Paints 3.Amba Shakti TMT is not always possible to define everything necessary for the completion of
4.AADI CEMENTS PVT LTD HR Johnson tiles. AkzoNobel India 4.Sugna TMT proposed work. Certain items such as water supply fittings, sanitary fittings,
5.ACC LIMITED Grindwell Norton Ltd. Indigo Paints 5.SAIL
6.ADITI INDUSTRIES Asian Granito India Ltd. Nippon Paints 6.Shyam Steel door and window fittings, etc. are to be decided by architect in consultation
7.ADITYA CEMENT
9.AGARWAL MIN CHEM LTD
Cera Sanitaryware Limited.
Orient Bell.
Shalimar Paints
Dulux Paints
7.Kamdhenu Ltd.
9.Takeaway
with client. Hence for execution of such items a lump sum amount is put up in
12.AMBUJA CEMENT LTD Nitco Limited. Jenson & Nicholson Paints the bill of quantities. This amount is known as Prime cost.• In the tender, the
contractor may quote a fix percentage or a fix amount for prime cost items.

types of estimate
1. Preliminary Cost Estimateiture. • The preliminary cost estimate is also called
an abstract cost estimate orapproximate cost estimate or budget estimate.
• This estimate is generally prepared in initial stages to know the approximate
cost of the project.• By this estimate, the competent sanctioning authority PROVISIONAL QUANTITIES• When quantities of a particular item are not
can decide the financial position and policy for the administration section. • cerXtain, provisional quantities of such items are provided.• For this measure-
Preliminary estimates are prepared with reference to the cost of similar type ments for such items are taken as usual, but kept separately in bill of quanti-
projects in a practical manner. ties and marked as provisional.
2. Plinth Area Cost Estimat • Plinth area cost estimate is prepared on the basis
of plinth area of the buildingwhich is the area covered by external dimensions PROVISIONAL SUM• Sometimes, it becomes essential to employ some special-
of building at the floor level and plinth area rate of the building which is the ist firms for carrying out the works which an ordinary contractor is unable to
cost of similar building with specifications in that locality.=========== do. Such as, electrical fittings, lift fitting, air conditioning equipment’s, etc. For
• Plinth area estimate is obtained by multiplying plinth area of building with such items a certain amount, known as Provisional sum, is provided in the bill
plinth area rate. For example, if we require plinth area estimate of 100 sq.ft of quantities.• The prime cost and provisional sum both refer to an amount to
in a particular locality and plinth area rate of a building in the same locality is be taken into account by estimator but to be adjusted at a later stage as per
2000 per sq.ft then plinth area estimate is 100 X 2000 = 200000. • Open areas, actual expenditure.
courtyards etc. are should not be included in the plinth area. If the building is
multi-storied, plinth area estimate is prepared separately for each floor level.

SCHEDULES OF QUANTITIES (SOQS) Total quantity of RCC columns = length of column x width of column x height of
● Life cycle costing studies● Maintenance schedules● General insurance costs column – 0.5m (floor beam depth)] x no. of columns
● Insurance replacement costs● A basis for quick and accurate preparation of Total quantity of RCC roof slab = width of roof slab x length of roof slab x thick-
depreciation schedules. ness of roof slab
Useful tool for claims and variations Apart from the benefits at the Calculation of quantity of flooring for the entire structure
tender stage, SOQs can be used as an important tool during Flooring for hall, lobby, toilets
● A cost database for future estimating Flooring for D3 openings
● An absolute basis for the calculation of consultants’ fees Flooring for verandah
● Consistency of tender pricing (no. of risers)
● Readily available data for asset management of the completed
Calculation of quantity of internal plaster for hall only = Horizontal surfaces +
building
Vertical surfaces = length of hall x height of hall – 0.15 (thickness of roof slab) x
no. of surface = Total surfaces
Deducting doors and windows = D1 = area of opening x no. of openings

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