MBA

IT Skills (BMB 151)

Unit 1 Notes (Part-3)

Netiquette

Netiquette, or internet etiquette, is a set of guidelines for appropriate online behaviour. It's a way to
define professionalism through network communication and is important for everyone, especially
working professionals.

Here are some tips for practicing good netiquette:

1. Be respectful: Remember that you're talking to another person, and treat others the way
you'd like to be treated.
2. Be considerate: Respect others' privacy, and don't share their information without their
permission.
3. Be clear: Know what you're talking about, and state it clearly.
4. Be mindful: Don't exclude others, and be mindful of who you include in group texts or social
media groups.
5. Be polite: Avoid profanity, and use a rational tone and a polite manner.
6. Be organized: Observe correct grammar, and be careful about punctuation and spelling.
7. Be concise: Keep your messages clear, concise, and organized.
8. Be responsible: If you own a website or an online business, keep it updated.

Netiquette rules vary depending on the platform and its participants. The operator of a website or
communication app is generally responsible for specifying the type and scope of netiquette.

Netiquette is a made from the 2 words net and etiquette. Netiquette thus describes the rules of
conduct for respectful and appropriate communication on the internet. Netiquette is often referred
to as etiquette for the internet. These are not legally binding rules, but recommended rules of
etiquette.
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a system that connects many independent computers to share information
(data) and resources. The integration of computers and other different devices allows users to
communicate more easily. A computer network is a collection of two or more computer systems
that are linked together. A network connection can be established using either cable or wireless
media. Hardware and software are used to connect computers and tools in any network.

Uses of Computer Networks

1. Communicating using email, video, instant messaging, etc.

2. Sharing devices such as printers, scanners, etc.
3. Sharing files.
4. Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems.
5. Allowing network users to easily access and maintain information.

There are mainly three types of Computer Networks

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

LAN is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer network that connects computers
through a common communication path, contained within a limited area, that is, locally. A LAN
encompasses two or more computers connected over a server. The two important technologies
involved in this network are Ethernet and Wi-Fi. It ranges up to 2km & transmission speed is very
high with easy maintenance and low cost. Examples of LAN are networking in a home, school,
library, laboratory, college, office, etc.
Advantages of a LAN

1. Privacy: LAN is a private network, thus no outside regulatory body controls it, giving it a
privacy.
2. High Speed: LAN offers a much higher speed (around 100 mbps) and data transfer rate
comparatively to WAN.
3. Supports different transmission mediums: LAN support a variety of communications
transmission medium such as an Ethernet cable (thin cable, thick cable, and twisted pair),
fibre and wireless transmission.
4. Inexpensive and Simple: A LAN usually has low cost, installation, expansion and maintenance
and LAN installation is relatively easy to use, good scalability.

Disadvantages of LAN

1. The initial setup costs of installing Local Area Networks is high because there is special
software required to make a server.
2. Communication devices like an ethernet cable, switches, hubs, routers, cables are costly.
3. LAN administrator can see and check personal data files as well as Internet history of each
and every LAN user. Hence, the privacy of the users is violated
4. LANs are restricted in size and cover only a limited area
5. Since all the data is stored in a single server computer, if it can be accessed by an
unauthorized user, can cause a serious data security threat.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. This is the type of computer network that
connects computers over a geographical distance through a shared communication path over a city,
town, or metropolitan area. This network mainly uses FDDI, CDDI, and ATM as the technology with a
range from 5km to 50km. Its transmission speed is average. It is difficult to maintain and it comes
with a high cost. Examples of MAN are networking in towns, cities, a single large city, a large area
within multiple buildings, etc.
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Advantages of MAN

1. MAN offers high-speed connectivity in which the speed ranges from 10-100 Mbps.
2. The security level in MAN is high and strict as compared to WAN.
3. It supports to transmit data in both directions concurrently because of dual bus architecture.
4. MAN can serve multiple users at a time with the same high-speed internet to all the users.
5. MAN allows for centralized management and control of the network, making it easier to
monitor and manage network resources and security.

Disadvantages of MAN

1. The architecture of MAN is quite complicated hence, it is hard to design and maintain.
2. This network is highly expensive because it required the high cost to set up fiber optics.
3. It provides less fault tolerance.
4. The Data transfer rate in MAN is low when compare to LANs.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN is a type of computer network that connects computers over a large geographical distance
through a shared communication path. It is not restrained to a single location but extends over many
locations. WAN can also be defined as a group of local area networks that communicate with each
other with a range above 50km. Here we use Leased-Line & Dial-up technology. Its transmission
speed is very low and it comes with very high maintenance and very high cost. The most common
example of WAN is the Internet.
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

Advantages of WAN

1. It covers large geographical area which enhances the reach of organisation to transmit data
quickly and cheaply.
2. The data can be stored in centralised manner because of remote access to data provided by
WAN.
3. The travel charges that are needed to cover the geographical area of work can be minimised.
4. WAN enables a user or organisation to connect with the world very easily and allows to
exchange data and do business at global level.

Disadvantages of WAN

1. Traffic congestion in Wide Area Network is very high.

2. The fault tolerance ability of WAN is very less.
3. Noise and error are present in large amount due to multiple connection point.
4. The data transfer rate is slow in comparison to LAN because of large distances and high
number of connected system within the network.