Comparing Quantities Using

Proportion Ex 5.1
Question 1.
Find the ratio of the following
(i) Smita works in office for 6 hours and Kajal works for 8
hours in her office. Find the
ratio of their working hours.
Solution:
The ratio of working hours of smita and kajal = 6:8
= (2 × 3 ) : (2 × 4) = 3 : 4

(ii) One pot contains 8 litre of milk while other contains 750
milliliter.
Solution:
8lit : 750ml
8 × 1000 : 750
= [latex]8000750[/latex] = 32 : 3
(iii) speed of a cycle is 15km/h and speed of the scooter is
30km/h.
Solution:
The ratio of speeds of a cycle and a sector
= 15 : 30 = (15 × 1) : 15 × 2 = 1 : 2

Question 2.
If the compound ratio of 5:8 and 3:7 is 45:x. Find the value
of x.
Solution:
The compound ratio of 5:8 and 3:7
= 58×37=1556
According to the sum
15 : 56 = 45 : x
∴ x = 168
Question 3.
If the compound ratio of 7:5 and 8:x is 84:60. Find x.
Solution:
The compound ratio of 7:5 and 8:x
= 75×8x=565x
According to the sum
56 : 5x = 84 : 60

∴x=8
Question 4.
The compound ratio of 3:4 and the inverse ratio of 4:5 is
45:x. Find x.
Solution:
The inverse ratio of 4:5 is 45 : x
The compound ratio of 3:4 and 5 : 4
= 45 : x

⇒ x = 16 × 3 = 48
∴ x = 48

Question 5.
In a primary school there shall be 3 teachers to 60
students. If there are 400 students
enrolled in the school, how many teachers should be there
in the school in the same ratio?
Solution:
No. of teachers are required for 400 students at the rate of

students are ⇒ 60 : 3 400 : x

3 teachers to 60

∴ x = 20

Question 6.
In the given figure, ABC is a triangle. Write all possible
ratios by A
taking measures of sides pair wise.
8cm 10cm
(Hint: Ratio of AB : BC =8 : 6)

Solution:

In ΔABC

⇒ BC : AB = 6 : 8 = 3: 4
AB : BC = 8 : 6 = 4:3

⇒ CA : BC = 10 : 6 = 5 : 3
BC : CA = 6 : 10 = 3 : 5

⇒ AB : CA = 8: 10 = 4: 5
CA : AB = 10:8=5:4
Question 7.
If 9 out of 24 students scored below 75% marks in a test.
Find the ratio of student scored below 75% marks to the
student scored 75% and above marks.
Solution:
Out of 24 students who got below 75% of marks = 9
Who got 75% and above marks =24 – 9 = 15
∴ The ratio between no. of students
who got less than 75% of marks and
who got 75% and above marks
= 9 : 15 =(3 × 3):(3 × 5) = 3 : 5

Question 8.
Find the ratio of number of vowels in the word’ MISSISSIPPI’
to the number of consonants in the simplest form.
Solution:
No. of vowels in the word MI S S SS! PPI = 4 (IIII)
No. of consonants in that word = 7 (MSSSSPP)
∴ The ratio between vowels and consonants = 4: 7

Question 9.
Rajendra and Rehana own a business. Rehana receives
25% of the profit in each month. If
Rehana received ₹ 2080 in particular month, what is the
total profit in that month?
Solution:
Total Profit = x say

⇒ 25100 × x = 2080
25% of x = 2080

⇒ x4 = 2080
⇒ x = 2080 × 4
∴ x = ₹ 8320
Question 10.
In triangle ABC, AB = 2.2 cm, BC = 1.5 cm and AC = 2.3
cm. In triangle XYZ, XY = 4.4cm, YZ = 3cm and XZ =
4.6cm. Find the ratio AB:XY, BC:YZ, AC:XZ. Are the lengths
of corresponding sides of ΔABC and ΔXYZ are in proportion?
[Hint : Any two triangles are said to be in proportion, if their
corresponding sides are in the
same ratio]
Solution:

∴ The corresponding sides of both the triangles are in

proportion.
∴ ΔABC ~ ΔXYZ

Question 11.
Madhuri went to a super market. The price changes are as
follows. The price of rice reduced by 5% jam and fruits
reduced by 8% and oil and dal increased by 10%. Help
Madhuri to find the changed prices in the given table.
Item Original price/kg Changed price

Rice ₹ 30

Jam ₹ 100

Apples ₹ 280

Oil ₹ 120

Dal ₹ 80

Solution:

Item Original price/kg Changed price

Rice ₹ 30 ₹28.50

Jam ₹ 100 ₹ 92

Apples ₹ 280 ₹ 257.6

Oil ₹ 120 ₹ 132

Dal ₹ 80 ₹ 88
Question 12.
There were 2075 members enrolled in the club during last
year. This year enrolment is
decreased by 4%.
(a) Find the decrease in enrolment.
(b) How many members are enrolled during this year?
Solution:
No. of persons are enrolled in the last year = 2075
Present year no. of persons are enrolled
= 4% less than the previous year.
a) Decrease in enrolment = 4% of 2075

b) No.of members are enrolled this

year = 2075 – 4% of 2075
=2075 – 83 = 1992

Question 13.
A farmer obtained a yielding of 1720 bags of cotton last
year. This year she expects her crop to be 20% more. How
many bags of cotton does she expect this year?
Solution:
During the last year yielding the bags of
cotton = 1720
If she expects 20% crop to be more then
=20% of 1720 .
= 20100 × 1720
= 2 × 172
= 344 bags
Her expectation of total bags
= 1720 + 344
= 2064

Question 14.
Points P and Q are both in the line segment AB and on the
same side of its midpoint. P divides AB in the ratio 2: 3, and
Q divides AB in the ratio 3 :4. If PQ =2, then find the length
of the line segment AB.
Solution:
Given that ‘C’ is the midpoint of line segment AB.
Here ‘P’ divides AB inthe ratio 2 : 3
‘Q’ divides AB in the ratio 3: 4

PQ =2 cm [Given]
PQ = QB – PB
= 4 – 3 = 1 part = 2cm
∴ AB = AQ + QB [with respect to Ql
AB = AP+ PB [with respect to P]
L.C.M. of 5, 7 parts = 35 parts

= 35 × 2[ ∵ part = 2cm]
∴ Length of AB 35 parts

= 70cm
Ex 5.2
Question 1.
In the year 2012, it was estimated that there were 36.4
crore Internet users worldwide. In
the next ten years, that number will be increased by 125%.
Estimate the number of Internet
users worldwide in 2022.
Solution:
Internet users in the year 2012
= 36.4 crores.
The number will be increased by next
10 years = 125%
∴ The no. of internet users in the year 2022
= 36.4 + 125% of 36.4
= 36.4 + 125100 × 36.4
= 36.4 + 45.5
= 81.9 crores.

Question 2.
A owner increases the rent of his house by 5% at the end of
each year. If currently its rent is ₹ 2500 per month, how
much will be the rent after 2 years’?
Solution:
Present house rent = ₹ 2500 If the owner increases the
rent by 5% on every year then the rent of the house after 2
years

= 2500 × 2120 x 2120

= ₹ 2756.25
Question 3.
On Monday, the value of a company’s shares was ₹ 7.50.
The price increased by 6% on Tuesday, decreased by 1.5%
on Wednesday, and decreased by 2% on Thursday. Find the
value of each share when trade opened on Friday.
Solution:
The value of the share when trade opened on Friday
= ₹ 7.674

Question 4.
With most of the Xerox machines. you can reduce or
enlarge your original by entering a percentage for the copy.
Reshma wanted to enlarge a 2 cm by 4 cm drawing. She
set the Xerox machine for 150% and copied her drawing.
What will be the dimensions of the
copy of the drawing be’?
Solution:
Length of the copy = 2 cm
breadth = 4 cm
If the length is increase in 150% then its
measure = 150 % of 2 cm
= 150100 × 2 = 1.5 × 2 = 3 cm
If the breadth is increase in 150% then
its measure = 150 % of 4 cm 150
= 150100 × 4 = 1.5 × 4 = 6 cm
100
∴ New length = 3 cm
breadth = 6 cm

Question 5.
The printed price of a book is ₹ 150. And discount is 15%.
Find the actual amount to be paid.
Solution:
The printed price of a book = ₹ 150
Discount % = 15%
∴ Discount = 15% of 150
= 15100 × 150 = ₹22.5
∴ The C.P. of a book = 150 – 22.5
= ₹127.50/-
Question 6.
The marked price of an gift item is ₹ 176 and sold it for ₹
165. Find the discount percent.
Solution:
Marked price of a gift = ₹176
S.P. = 165
Discount = 176 – 165 = ₹ 11

Question 7.
A shop keeper purchased 200 bulbs for ₹10 each. However
5 bulbs were fused and put
them into scrap. The remaining were sold at ₹12 each. Find
the gain or loss percent.
Solution:
The C.P. of 200 bulbs at the rate of ₹10 for each = 200 ×
10 = ₹ 2000
If 5 bulbs are fused then remaining are
= 200 – 5 = 195
∴ TheS.P. of 195 bulbs at the rate of ₹12 for each = 195 ×
12 = ₹ 2340
∴ S.P. > C.P.
∴ Profit = S.P.-C.P.
= 2340 – 2000 = 340
Profit = ProfitC.P × 100 = 3402000 × 100
Profit = 17%
Question 8.
Complete the following table with appropriate entries
(Wherever possible)

Solution:

Question 9.
A table was sold for ₹2,142 at a gain of 5%. At what price
should it be sold to gain 10%.
Solution:
S.P. of a table = ₹ 2142
Profit = 5%

∴ The C.P. of buyyer = ₹ 2040

Profit % = 10%

∴ S.P. = ₹2244

Question 10.
Gopi sold a watch to Ibrahim at 12% gain and Ibrahim sold
it to John at a loss of 5%. If John paid ₹1,330, then find how
much did Gopi sold it?
Solution:
. Let Gopi’s cost price = ₹100
Gain = 12%
∴ Gopi’s selling price to Ibrahim or Ibrahim’s cost price =
₹100 + ₹12 = ₹112
∴ Ibrahim’s loss = 5%
∴ Ibrahim’s selling price =
112(100−5100)=112×95100 = ₹106.40
For ₹100 we get = ₹106.40
For ₹1330 how much we get ?

Question 11.
Madhu and Kavitha purchased a new house for ₹3,20,000.
Due to some economic
problems they sold the house for ₹2,80,000. Find (a) The
loss incurred (b) the loss percentage.
Solution:
C.P. of a house = ₹ 3,20,000
S.P. of a house = ₹ 2,80,000
∴ C.P. > S.P.
a) Loss
= C.P. – S.P.
= 3,20,000 – 2,80,000 = 40,000

Question 12.
A pre-owned car show-room owner bought a second hand
car for ₹ 1,50,000. He spent ₹20,000 on repairs and
painting, then sold it for ₹ 2,00,000. Find whether he gets
profit or loss. If so, what percent?
Solution:
After repair, the C.P of a car
= 1,50,000 + 20,000 = 1,70,000
S.P. of a ear = ₹ 2,00,000
∴ S.P. > C.P.
∴ Profit = S.P.-C.P.
= 2,00,000-1,70,000= 30,000
Profit = ProfitC.P × 100
30,0001,70,000 × 100 = Profit = 30017
Profit% = 17.64%

Question 13.
Lalitha took a parcel from a hotel to celebrate her birthday
with her friends. It was billed with ₹ 1,450 including 5%
VAT. Lalitha asked for some discount, the hotel owner gave
8% discount on the bill amount. Now find the actual
amount that lalitha has to pay to the hotel owner
Solution:
After allowing 5% VAT, the total bill = ₹ 1450
If 8% discount is allowed on bill, then
Discount = 8% of 1450
8100 × 1450 = ₹116
Discount = ₹116
∴ Lalitha has to pay the bill = 1450 -116
= ₹ 1334
Question 14.
If VAT is included in the price, find the original price of each
of the following.

Solution:

Question 15.
Find the buying price of each of the following items when a
sales tax of 5% is added on them.
(1) a towel of ₹50 (ii) Two bars of soap at ₹35 each.
Solution:
Given that Sales tax = 5%
(i) Cost of a towel = ₹ 50
Sales Tax = 5% of 50
= 5100 x 50 = 52 = ₹ 2.50
∴ C.P. = Net Price + Sales
Tax = 50 + 2.50 = ₹ 52.50
(ii) The cost of two soaps at the rate of
₹ 35 each = 2 × 35 = ₹ 70
Sales Tax = 5% of 70
= 5100 × 70 = 72 = ₹ 3.50
∴ C.P. = Net Price + Sales
Tax = 70 + 3.50 = ₹ 73.50

Question 16.
A Super-Bazar prices an item in rupees and paise so that
when 4% sales tax is added, no rounding is necessary
because the result is exactly in ‘n’ rupees, where ‘n’ is a
positive integer. Find the smallest value of ’n’.
Solution:
Let the cost price = x say
∴ If x is increased 4% sales tax is added then
x + 4% of x = n
x + 4100 × x = n
140x100 = n
x = x = n × 100104 = 25×n26
∴ n should be a least multiple of 26, then only the value of
the article should be represented in only rupees.

[∵n = 13, 26, 39. from them 13 should betaken]

:. Required value of the article
=12.50 + 4100 × 12.5
12.50 + 0.5 = ₹13
Ex 5.3
Question 1.
Sudhakar borrows ₹ 15000 from a bank to renovate his
house. He borrows the money at 9% p.a. simple interest
over 8 years. What are his monthly repayments’?
Solution:
P = 15,000
R = 9%
T = 8 years

A = ₹ 25800
∴ His monthly payment = 258008×12
= ₹268.75
∴ Monthly he has to pay = ₹268.75

Question 2.
A TV was bought at a price of ₹ 21000. After 1 year the
value of the TV was depreciated by 5% (Depreciation
means reduction of the value due to use and age of the
item). Find the value of the TV after 1 year.
Solution:
The C.P. of T.V = ₹ 21,000.
After 1 year its value
= 21000 – 5% of 21000
=21000 – 5100 × 21000
= 21000 – 1050
= ₹19,950
Question 3.
Find the amount and the compound interest on ₹ 8000 at
5% per annum, for 2 years
compounded annually.
Solution:
P = ₹8000
R = 5%
The interest is compounded every year.
Then 2 time periods wII be occurred.
∴n=2

∴ Amount (A) = ₹8820

C.I = A – P
= 8820 – 8000 = ₹ 820

Question 4.
Find the amount and the compound interest on ₹ 6500 for
2 years, compounded annually, the rate of interest being
5% per annum during the first year and 6% per annum
during the second year.
Solution:
P = ₹ 6500
R = 5%
T = 1 years
∴ PTR100=6500×5×1100 = 325
∴ A = P + I = 6500 + 325 = 6825
∴ P = 6825
(At the begining of 2,id year A=P)
R = 6%
T = 1 year
∴ PTR100=6825×6×1100 = 409.5
∴ A = P + I = 6825 + 409.5
∴ Amount = ₹ 7234.50
C.I. = A – P
= ₹ 7234.50 – 6500
= ₹734.50
Question 5.
Prathibha borrows ₹47000 from a fmance company to buy
her first car. The rate of simple interest is 17% and she
borrows the money over a 5 year period. Find: (a) How
much
amount Prathibha should repay the finance company at the
end of five years. (b) her equal
monthly repayments.
Solution:
P = ₹ 47000
R = 17%
T =5 years
∴ I = PTR100=47000×5×17100
= ₹ 39,950

a) Amount to be paid
A=P+I
= 47000 + 39,950
= 86950
∴ Amount to be pay = ₹ 86950
b) In monthly equal instalments she has to pay

= 149.1
= ₹ 1450 (approx)

Question 6.
The population of Hyderabad was 68,09,000 in the year
2011. If it increases at the rate of 4.7% per annum. What
will be the population at the end of the year 2015.
Solution:
The population of Hyderabad
= 68,09,000
If every year increase in 4.7%.
Then the population of the city in 2015
= 68,09,000 ( 1 + 4.7100 )4

[ ∵ P = 6809000, R = 4.7 %, n = 4(2015 -2011)]

100 J

= 68,09,000 x 104.7100×104.7100×104.7100×104.7100
= 81,82,199

Question 7.
Find Compound interest paid when a sum of ₹ 10000 is
invested for 1 year and 3 months at 812 % per annum
compounded annually.
Solution:
P = ₹10,000; R = 812 % = 172%
T = 1 year
= 50 × 17 = 850
∴ I = ₹ 850
∴ A = P + I = 10,000 + 850
A = 10,850
∴ P = 10,850; R = 172% % ; T = 3 months

= ₹ 230.50
∴ Compound Interest
= 850 + 230.50
= ₹ 1080.50
Question 8.
Arif took a loan of ₹ 80,000 from a bank. If the rate of
interest is 10% per annum, find the
difference in amounts he would be paying after 1 12 years, if
the interest is (i) compounded annually (ii) compounded
half yearly.
Solution:
P = ₹ 80,000; R = 10%;
T = 1 year
∴ PTR100 = 80000×10×1100
= ₹8000
∴ A = P + I = 80000 + 8000
= ₹ 88,000
Interest on 6 months :
P = 88,000 ; R = 10% ; T = 6 Months
= 12 year

i) The amount to be paid after 1 year 6 months = P + I

= 88000 + 4400
A1 = ₹ 92,400

ii) He has to pay compounded on

every 6 months in 1 12 years
∴ 3 time periods will be occurred.
∴n=3
R = 102 = 5% P = ₹ 80,000

A2 = ₹ 92610
∴ Difference between the amounts = A2 – A1 = 92610 –
92400 = ₹ 210

Question 9.
I borrowed ₹ 12000 from Prasad at 6°/o per annum simple
interest for 2 years. Had
I borrowed this sum at 6% per annum compounded
annually, what extra amount would
I have to pay9
Solution:
Sum borrowed from Prasad
P = ₹ 12000
T = 2 years;
R = 6%

= ₹144O
A=P+I
A1 = P + I = 12000 + 1440
= ₹13440
12000 + 1440 , = ₹ 13440
∴ He has to pay the amount after 2 years at the rate of 6%
on C.I.
P = ₹12,000; R = 6%; n = 2 years

A2 = ₹13483.2
∴ The difference between the C.I and S.I = 13483.2 – 13440
= ₹ 43.20

Question 10.
In a laboratory the count of bacteria in a certain
experiment was increasing at the rate of 2.5% per hour.
Find the bacteria at the end of 2 hours if the count was
initially 5,06,000
Solution:
No. of bacteria in a laboratory = 5,06,000
If they are increased at the rate of 2.5% per hour then their
number after 2 hours

Question 11.
Kamala borrowed ₹ 26400 from a bank to buy a scooter at
a rate of 15% per annum compounded yearly. What
amount will she pay at the end of 2 years and 4 months to
clear the loan?
Solution:
Kanala borrowed from bank = ₹ 26400
Rah of interest (R) =15%
n = 2 years
After 4 rpnths the amount will be ₹ 34914
∴ P = 34914; R = 15%; T = 4 months
T = 412 year
= 13 year
∴ I=PTR100=34914×15×13100
= ₹1745.7
∴ Kamala has to pay the amount after 2 years and 4
months to the bank = 34914 + 1745.7
= ₹36659.7

Question 12.
Bharathi borrows an amount of ₹ 12500 at 12% per annum
for3 years at a simple interest and Madhuri borrows the
same amount for the same time period at 10% per annum,
compounded annually. Who pays more interest and by how
much?
Solution:
Bharathi borrowed the sum
P = ₹12500
R = 12%
T = 3 years
S. I (I) = PTR100
= 12500×12×3100
= 125 × 36
= 4500
After 3 years she has to pay
(A1)= P + I
= 12500 + 4500 .
A1 = ₹17,000
Madhuri has to pay the amount on

A2 = 16637.5
∴ A 1 > A2
A1 – A2 = 17000 – 16637.5
= ₹ 362.5
∴ Bharathi has to pay ₹ 362.5 more than Madhuri.

Question 13.
Machinery worth ₹ 10000 depreciated by 5%. Find its value
after 1 year.
Solution:
The value of machinery after 1 year on 5% depreciation
= 95 × 100
= ₹ 9500

Question 14.
Find the population of a city after 2 years which is at
present 12 lakh, if the rate of increase is 4%.
Solution:
Present population of a city = 12,00,000 If its population
increases at the rate of 4%, then the population after 2
years

= 120 × 104 × 104

= 12,97,920

Question 15.
Calculate compound interest on ₹ 1000 over a period of 1
year at 10% per annum, if interest is compounded
quarterly?
Solution:
compounded quarterly then 4 time periods will be there in
1 year.
∴n=4
C.I. on ₹ 1000 over a period of 1 year at
10% per annum A = P (1 + R100 )n
P = 1000; n = 4; R = 104=52 %
= ₹ 1103.81
A = ₹ 1103.81
C.I. for 1 year
= 1103.81 – 1000
= ₹ 10.81