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Polyhedron (Geometry)

All about Polyhedrons including examples.

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Denise
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7 views

Polyhedron (Geometry)

All about Polyhedrons including examples.

Uploaded by

Denise
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polyhedron

A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons and all
whose polyhedral angles are equal. There are only five regular polyhedrons, namely:
1. Regular tetrahedron (4 equal faces)
2. Regular hexahedron (6 equal faces) (commonly known as cube)
3. Regular octahedron (8 equal faces)
4. Regular dodecahedron (12 equal faces)
5. Regular icosahedron (20 equal faces)
Prism
One of the common polyhedrons is a prism. A prism is a polyhedron having two
congruent parallel faces and with all remaining faces that are parallelograms. The two
congruent faces of the prism are called the bases. The rest of the faces are called lateral
surfaces. The edges where the lateral faces intersect are called the lateral edges. The altitude
is the segment joining the two base planes and is perpendicular.
If the lateral faces of a prism are rectangles, then the prism is a right prism. This means
that the lateral edges are perpendicular to the sides of the bases; otherwise, the prism is an
oblique prism. Note that when a prism is a right prism, its lateral edge is also the altitude of the
prism.

Right Prisms
Oblique Prism
The shape of the bases determines the name of the name of the prism. The prism is a
pentagonal prism if its bases are pentagons. A prism whose bases are triangles is a triangular
prism; one whose bases are squares is a square prism and one whose bases are rectangles is a
rectangular prism.
A regular prism is one whose bases are regular polygons. Here are some important
properties and facts about a prism:
1. The bases are equal polygons.
2. The lateral faces are parallelograms.
3. The lateral edges are equal and parallel.
4. The altitude is the perpendicular distance between the planes of its bases.
5. A right section is the section perpendicular to the lateral edges. The term cross
section is also used to mean right section. In figure, MNOPQ is a right section.

Lateral Area and Total Surface Area of Prism


The surface area of a solid is measured in square units. The lateral area (LA) of a prism is
the sum of the areas of its lateral faces. The total surface area (TA) is the sum of the areas of all
its faces. If B is the area of one base of a prism, then the total area of a prism can be
computed as
TA = LA + 2B.
The lateral edges of a right prism are also the altitudes. With this, the lateral area of a
right prism is the product of the perimeter p of one base and the height h of the prism, or
LA = ph
Example: 1. Find the lateral area and total surface area of the given prism.
Solution:
Given: base: a = 3 cm, b = 4 cm, c = 5 cm, height of prism = 7 cm
a. Find the perimeter of the triangular base
The dimensions of the triangular base are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm
p=a+b+c
p = 3 + 4 + 5 (perimeter of the triangular base)
p = 12 cm
b. To find lateral area, use
LA = ph
Height of the prism (h) = 7 cm
Perimeter (p) = 12 cm
LA = ph
LA = 12 (7) (substitute the solved perimeter and the height)
LA = 84 cm²
c. To find the total surface area, use
TA = LA + 2B
Solve the area of the triangular base
h = 3 cm, b = 4 cm
A = bh/2
A = 4(3)/2
A = 12/2
A = 6 cm² (area of the triangular base)
TA = LA + 2B
TA = 84 cm² + 2(6 cm²)
TA = 84 cm² + 12 cm² (substitute the value of LA and the area of the base)
TA = 96 cm² (total surface area)
2. Height of the prism (h) = 3 cm
a. LA = ph
The dimensions of the rectangular base are length (l) = 9 cm, width (w) = 6 cm
P = 2l + 2w
P = 2(9) + 2(6) (perimeter of the rectangular base)
P = 18 + 12
P = 30 cm
LA = ph
LA = 30(3) (substitute the solved perimeter and the height)
LA = 90 cm²
b. Find the total surface area, use
TA = LA + 2B
Solve the area of the rectangular base
A = lw (area of a rectangle)
A = 6 (9)
A = 54 cm²
TA = LA + 2B
TA = 90 + 2(54)
TA = 90 + 108
TA = 198 cm²
3. The base of a right prism is an equilateral triangle 3 cm on a side. If its altitude is 8 cm,
find its lateral area and total surface area.
Given: s = 3 cm
h = 8 cm
LA = ?
TA = ?

a. To find lateral area, use


LA = ph
p=a+b+c
p = 3 + 3 + 3 (use perimeter for triangle)
p = 9 cm
LA = 9(8) (substitute in the formula)
LA = 72 cm²
b. To find the total surface area, use
TA = LA + 2B
The bases are two triangles, find the area of the equilateral triangle with side 3
cm, use the formula for the area of equilateral triangle A = 0.433s²
s=3
A = 0.433(3)²
A = 0.433 (9)
A = 3.897 cm² (area of the triangular base)
TA = LA + 2B
TA = 72 + 2(3.897)
TA = 72 + 7.794
TA = 79.794 cm²

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