BDwbU- 5

g‡bv‡hvM, AvMÖn Ges ¯§„wZ I we¯§„wZ

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU 5 g‡bv‡hvM, AvMÖn Ges ¯§„wZ I we¯§„wZ

f‚wgKv

Avgv‡`i mgMÖ RxebhvÎvq g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| †Kvb e¯‘ ev NUbv
m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ wKsev †evaMg¨ Ki‡Z h_v_© g‡bv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Gi
Rb¨ e¨w³i g‡a¨ Dchy³ AvMÖn m„wó n‡Z n‡e| AvMÖ‡ni wfwˇZB e¨w³ GKwU we‡kl
wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`q| g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn ej‡Z wK eySvq, G¸‡jv wKfv‡e m„wó nq,
G‡`i g‡a¨ Kx Kx m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Zv Rvbv GKRb Av`k© wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ GKvšÍ Acwinvh©|

GKBfv‡e ¯§„wZ, we¯§„wZ ej‡Z wK eySvq Ges wk¶v †¶‡Î G¸wji ¸iæZ¡ KZUv Zvi Dci
wewfbœ Z_¨ wk¶K‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| g‡bv‡hvM I ¯§„wZ welqK Ávb wk¶‡Ki cvV`v‡bi Kv‡R
we‡kl mnvqK nq| †hfv‡e wk¶v_©xiv welqe¯‘ g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i †mfv‡e wZwb cvV‡K
AvKl©bxq I A_©en K‡i Zyj‡Z cvi‡eb|

GB BDwb‡U Avgiv g‡bv‡hvM, AvMÖn, ¯§„wZ I we¯§„Z m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jvPbv Kie|
Av‡jvPbvi myewav‡_© GB BDwbUwU‡K AvUwU cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV- 5.1: g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn

cvV- 5.2: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ˆewkó¨
cvV- 5.3: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯Íwbô KviY
cvV- 5.4: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¨w³wbô KviY
cvV- 5.5: g‡bv‡hvM e„wׇZ wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡
cvV- 5.6: ¯§„wZ I Zvi Dcv`vb
cvV- 5.7: g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj
cvV- 5. 8: we¯§„wZ I Zvi KviY

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 106

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 5.1 g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

g‡bv‡hvM ej‡Z wK eySvq, Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

AvMÖn wK Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖ‡ni g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †`qv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi K‡qKwU msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

g‡bv‡hvM

cÖwZw`b Pjvi c‡_ Avgiv A‡bK wKQy †`wL, ïwb wKš‘ Zvi mewKQyi cÖwZ Avgiv GKB mv‡_
bRi †`Bbv| †Kb †`Bbv? KviY GKB mg‡q Avgiv GKvwaK wel‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvwibv|
†mRb¨ g‡bv‡hvM †`qvi mgq cÖ_‡g g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †¶Î †_‡K †Kej GKwU welq‡K wbw`©ó
K‡i †bIqv nq Zvi ci Avgiv †mB wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`B| mvaviY K_vq ejv hvq
g‡bv‡hvM nj, †Kvb wKQyi cÖwZ Mfxi ev wbweofv‡e j¶ Kiv| †hgb, GKRb e¨w³ †Kvb
Dcb¨vm co‡Z co‡Z †K‡`uB †djj, ejyb‡Zv GUv †Kb nj? Gi KviY, H e¨w³ Dcb¨v‡mi
mv‡_ wb‡R‡K GKvšÍ K‡i †d‡jwQj| †m Dcb¨v‡m GZUvB g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q‡Q †h, wKQy¶‡bi
†Kvb wKQy Mfxifv‡e Rb¨ n‡jI †m H cwi‡e‡k Wz‡e wM‡qwQj| g‡bv‡hvM GKwU wbe©vPbag©x gvbwmK cÖwµqv|
†`LvB g‡bv‡hvM Avgiv GKwU wel‡q GKB mv‡_ A‡bK¶Y g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cvwibv| GUv me©`v
cwieZ©bkxj| †Kvb we‡kl mg‡q Avgiv we‡kl e¯‘i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q DwV| Avgiv hLb
e¯‘i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`B ZLb Zv Avgv‡`i †PZbvi †K›`ª¯’‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i| g‡bv‡hvM
mvgwqKfv‡e Avgv‡`i †PZbv‡K Ab¨ mewKQy †_‡K mwi‡q †Kej wbw`©ó GKwU wel‡q wbe×
K‡i|

g‡bvweÁvbx wU‡Pbvi (Titchner) e‡jb, Ò†PZbvi †h ch©v‡q Avgiv e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© Ávb
jvf Kwi ZvB g‡bv‡hvM|Ó bvBU GÛ bvBU (Night and Night) Gi g‡Z, Òg‡bv‡hvM nj
†PZbvi wbe©vPb agx© wµqv|Ó Avevi g¨vKWzMvj I ÷vW©U (McDougall and Stout)
Av‡iKfv‡e e‡jb †h, Ò†h gvbwmK mwµqZv †Kvb wKQyi Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ZvB nj
g‡bv‡hvM|Ó

Dc‡iv³ msÁv¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, g‡bv‡hv‡M wZbwU Dcv`vb
i‡q‡Q, †hgb: evQvB, Mfxi `„wó I GKwU gvbwmK wµqv| g‡bv‡hvM cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¯‘ ev
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wZbwU NUbv evQvB Ki‡Z nq| GK mv‡_ me wKQyi Dci Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM wbe× nq bv ev Avgiv
Dcv`vb Zv Ki‡ZI cvwi bv| AZci Avgiv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv e¯‘ ev NUbvi Dci Mfxi
`„wó †`B hv‡Z Zv Avgv‡`i †evaMg¨ nq| GB `„wó`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_B Av‡m gvbwmK wµqv hv
Avg‡`i †PZbvq H e¯‘ ev NUbv m¤ú‡K© GKUv m¤ú~Y© †eva Rb¥vq| myZivs GB Dcv`v‡bi
wfwˇZB †evSvhvq †h g‡bv‡hvM Ggb GKUv gvbwmK wµqv hv Avgv‡`i †PZbv‡K †Kvb e¯‘
ev NUbvi cÖwZ wbe× K‡i|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 107

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

AvMÖn

AvMÖn nj Ggb GKwU gvbwmK Ae¯’v hvi mv‡_ B”Qv, Abyf‚wZ I Kv‡Ri MwZ mshy³ i‡q‡Q|
hv Avgiv fvjevwm ev cQ›` Kwi Zv mn‡RB Avgv‡`i `„wó †K‡o †bq| †Lqvj K‡i wK
†`‡L‡Qb, evwo‡Z A‡bK mgq wUwf Pj‡Z _vK‡jI Avgiv Zvi wKQy Ask †`wL wKsev wKQy
Ask †`wLbv| †Kb Ggb Kwi? Gi KviY nj IB Abyôv‡bi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i AvMÖn †bB| wKš‘
wUwfi †h Abyôvb AvMÖ‡ni Zv wVKB Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`wL| †Kvb wel‡qi cÖwZ AvMÖn
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i †hgb, ˆRweK I gvbwmK Pvwn`v, g‡bvfve, AbyKiY,
mvgvwRK cÖfve cÖ‡qvRb BZ¨vw`| AvMÖn `xN©¯’vqx ev ¶Y¯’vqx DfqB n‡Z cv‡i|
g‡bvweÁvbxiv AvMÖ‡ni bvbvai‡Yi msÁv w`‡q‡Qb| nve©v‡Ui g‡Z, ÒAvMÖn nj bZzb Ávb
AR©‡bi Rb¨ g‡bi cÖ¯‘wZÕÕ| †Wªfvi (Drever) e‡jb, ÒAvMÖn nj MwZkxj g‡bv‡fveÓ| †µv
GÛ †µv (Crow and Crow) g‡b K‡ib Òe¨w³i †Kvb we‡kl e¯‘i cÖwZ wµqv ev Ab¨
e¨w³i cÖwZ gvbwmK AvKl©YB n‡jv AvMÖnÓ|

wPÎ 5.1.1: AwZ AvMÖn wb‡q wkïiv evMv‡b KvR Ki‡Q|

g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn

mvaviYZ AvMÖ‡ni wfwˇZB Avgiv †Kvb e¯‘ wbe©vPb Kwi I Zvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`B| AvMÖn
I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi m¤úK© AZ¨šÍ wbweo| e¨w³i g‡a¨ AvMÖn ¶Y¯’vqx, `xN©¯’vqx wKsev nVvr
K‡iI n‡Z cv‡i| aiæb, GK e¨w³ GKUz c‡i evRv‡i hv‡e myZivs Gi Av‡M †m cwÎKvq
evRvi`i †`Lvi Rb¨ AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| evRvi K‡i wd‡i Avmvi ci Zvi Avi G
e¨vcv‡i AvMÖn _vK‡ebv| wKš‘ †KD nqZ eo Wv³vi n‡Z Pvq Gi Rb¨ Zv‡K g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
m‡½ wbqwgZ cov‡jLv I Abykxjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e AvMÖn e¨w³‡K mwµq K‡i
†Zv‡j| AvMÖn Rb¥MZ Avevi AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i| Mvb‡kvbv ev my‡ii cÖwZ AvMÖn Rb¥MZ n‡Z
cv‡i| wKš‘ weL¨vZ wkíx nevi AvMÖn mgvR Rxeb †_‡KB m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 108

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

g‡bvweÁvbx g¨vKWzMvj I im g‡b K‡ib AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM cÖvq GKB wRwbm| Zv‡`i g‡Z,
AvMÖn nj myß g‡bv‡hvM Avi g‡bv‡hvM n‡jv mwµq AvMÖn| hw`I AvMÖn Qvov Kv‡R
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvwi bv ZeyI †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î wbQK Kv‡Ri ev cÖ‡qvR‡bi LvwZ‡i Avgiv
†Kvb wel‡q g‡bv‡hvM †`B| AvMÖn g‡bv‡hv‡Mi A‡bK¸wj k‡Z©i GKwU| Avm‡j AvMÖn I
g‡bv‡hvM GKB m~‡Î Muv_v Ges ci¯úi m¤úK© hy³| AvMÖ‡ni AvwaK¨ ev ¯^íZvi Dci
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ¯’vwqZ¡ wbf©i K‡i| A_©vr †Kvb wel‡q AwaK AvMÖn _vK‡j †m wel‡q `xN© mgq
g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cvwi| †hgb hv‡`i gvQ aivi †bkv i‡q‡Q Zviv `xN© mgq a‡i cvwb‡Z
wQc †d‡j dvZbvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM wbe× ivL‡Z cv‡i, GKUzI K¬všÍ nq bv|

mvigg©:
g‡bv‡hvM nj †Kvb e¯‘ ev NUbvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e j¶ Kiv ev g‡bvwb‡ek
Kiv| g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wZbwU Dcv`vb _v‡K| †hgb- evQvB, Mfxi `„wó I
gvbwmK wµqv| Aci w`‡K AvMÖn nj Ggb GKwU gvbwmK Ae¯’v hvi
mv‡_ B”Qv Abyf‚wZ ev Kv‡Ri MwZ mshy³ _v‡K| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i
AvMÖn m„wó nq| †hgb, ˆRweK I gvbwmK Pvwn`v, g‡bvfve, AbyKi‡Yi
B”Qv, mvgvwRK cÖfve BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡qvRb I Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z AvMÖn
¶Y¯’vqx I `xN© ¯’vqx DfqB n‡Z cv‡i| AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM G‡K Ac‡ii
cwic~iK|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 109

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 5.2 g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ˆewkó¨

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ˆewkó¨¸wj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i D`vniY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Avgiv GZ †ewk cwiwPZ †h Gi m¤ú‡K© KL‡bvB Lye GKUv wPšÍv fvebv
Kwibv| A_P Avgv‡`i me Kv‡Ri g‡a¨B bvbvfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM wbe× i‡q‡Q| g‡bv‡hvM
cÖwµqv‡K we‡k- lY Ki‡j Gi KZ¸‡jv ˆewkó¨ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| ˆewk󨸇jv nj-

1| g‡bv‡hvM GKwU B”Qvg~jK gvbwmK cÖwµqv: GB gvbwmK cÖwµqvi d‡j Avgiv wbw`©ó
welq †PZbvi †K›`ª¯’‡j wb‡q hvB Ges Gi Dci cwi¯‹vi aviYv cvB| †hgb, dzUej †Ljvi
gv‡V †Ljv †`L‡Z †M‡j GZ eo †÷wWqv‡g AmsL¨ DÏxcK _vKv m‡Z¡I Avgv‡`i mg¯Í
g‡bv‡hvM †Kej e‡ji g‡a¨B wbwnZ _v‡K| IwU Kvi KvQ †_‡K Kvi Kv‡Q hv‡”Q, KLb †Mvj
†cv÷ AwZµg Ki‡Q BZ¨vw`|

2| g‡bv‡hvM wbe©vPbg~Lx: A‡bK¸wj welq †_‡K GKwU wbw`©ó welq evQvB Kiv nj
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ag©| A_©vr †PZbv‡K A‡bK¸‡jv welq †_‡K mwi‡q GKwU wel‡q Ave× Kiv|
†h e¨w³ d¨vkvb m‡PZb †m g¨vMvwR‡bi Ab¨me welq AMÖvn¨ K‡i d¨vkv‡bi c„ôvwU Av‡M
†`‡L I Zvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`q| Gfv‡eB g‡bv‡hvM wbe©vPbgyLx ag© cÖ`k©b K‡i|

3| g‡bv‡hvM PÂj I cwieZ©bkxj: g‡bv‡hvM me mgqB GKe¯‘ †_‡K Ab¨e¯‘‡Z Ny‡i

†eovq| †mRb¨ Avgiv GKB wRwb‡mi cÖwZ A‡bK¶Y g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cvwi bv|
M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, Avgiv mvaviYZ K‡qK †m‡K‡Ûi †ewk †Kvb wel‡q GKvw`µ‡g
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvwi bv| KL‡bv GKwU wel‡q gbwb‡ek Ki‡jI wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨B gb‡hvM
†m w`K †_‡K m‡i Ab¨ wKQy‡Z wM‡q Avkªq †bq|

4| g‡bv‡hvM GKwU avivevwnK cÖwµqv: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi avievwnKZvi A_© nj †Kvb e¯‘i GK

cÖvšÍ‡`‡k g‡bv‡hvM wbe× Ki‡j µgvš^‡q Zv Aci cÖvšÍ ch©šÍ †cuŠ‡Q hv‡e| †hgb GKwU
evK¨ cvV Kivi mgq cÖ_‡g Avgiv ev‡K¨i cÖ_g k‡ã g‡bvwb‡ek Kwi Zvici µgvš^‡q
wØZxq kã, AZci Z…Zxq kã, Ggwb K‡i cy‡iv evK¨wU g‡bv‡hv‡Mi AvIZvfz³ n‡e Ges
evK¨wU c‡o A_© eySe| g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GB ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q e‡jB `~‡ii `„k¨ Ae‡jvKb K‡i
Avb›` cvB, eo eo Mí KweZv c‡o Zv g‡b ivwL|

5| g‡bv‡hvM wØgyLx: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi MÖnYxq I eR©bxq `ywU w`K Av‡Q| Gi Rb¨B †h welqwUi
cÖwZ Avgiv g‡bv‡hvM †`B Zv MÖnYxq, Avi †h me wRwbm †_‡K g‡bv‡hvM mwi‡q †bB Zv nj
eR©bxq| †hgb, dzUej †Ljvq hLb †Kvb GKRb †L‡jvqv‡ii w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`B ZLb

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 110

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Aci †L‡jvqviMY Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi evB‡i _v‡K A_©vr g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i
Avgiv eR©b Kwi|

cwim‡ii w`K w`‡q g‡bv‡hvM‡K ¶z`ª ev msKxY© GB `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| GKB mg‡q
Avgiv gvÎ GKwU msKxY© wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cvwi| e„nËi †¶‡Î GK‡Î g‡bv‡hvM
cÖ`vb m¤¢e bq| †hgb mgMÖ †÷wWqvgwU Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi cwiwai g‡a¨ _vK‡jI Zvi
me w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM GKmv‡_ †Kw›`ªfzZ Kiv hvq bv|

wPÎ 5.2.1: K‡qKwU wkï Zb¥q n‡q wUwf‡Z KvUz©b †kv †`L‡Q|

6| g‡bv‡hvM GKwU D‡Ïk¨g~jK wµqv: g‡bv‡hvM cÖ`v‡bi d‡j Rvbv wRwbm m¤ú‡K©
Avgv‡`i Ávb my¯úó nq| KviY †Kvb wKQy‡Z g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgiv H welq
m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ iKg we‡kølY ev ms‡kølYI Kwi| †hgb, we‡q evwo‡Z wM‡q hLb Avcwb bZzb
eD‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ D`MÖxe nb ZLb Zv‡K †`‡LB Avcwb ¶všÍ nbbv eis †eŠ †`Lvi mv‡_
mv‡_ Zvi iƒc ev mvRvi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©I g~j¨vqb K‡ib| GLv‡b Avcbvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_
mv‡_ we‡køl‡Yi KvRwUI m¤úvw`Z n‡”Q|

7| g‡bv‡hvM bZzb‡Z¡i wcqvwm: bZzb bZzb welq Lyu‡R †eov‡bvB n‡jv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ag©| †m
Kvi‡YB GK ¯’v‡b `xN© mgq g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv hvqbv| g‡bv‡hvM me©`vB †eMevb| †hgb
wkï‡`i AmsL¨ cÖ‡kœi w`‡K ZvKv‡jB Avgiv Gi A_© eyS‡Z cvie| wkï hLb Zvi gv‡K cÖkœ
K‡i ZLb Zvi DËi †kvbvi ˆah©¨ _v‡K bv| ZvB cÖ‡kœi DËi †ewi‡q Avmvi c~‡e©B †m bZzb
cÖ‡kœi AeZviYv K‡i| g‡bv‡hvM ïay bZzbZ¡B Lyu‡R †eovqbv Zvi mv‡_ e¨w³i g‡a¨ GKiKg
mÂvjbg~jK cwieZ©bI Av‡b| Avgiv hLb †Kvb wKQyi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`B ZLb bvbv iKg
A½fw½ K‡i _vwK| †hgb, Mv‡j nvZ †`B, gv_v bvovB ev †PvL KzPKvB BZ¨vw`|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 111

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

wPÎ 5.2.2: †e‡Â Mv`vMvw` K‡i emv A‡bK¸‡jv wkï|

8| g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Bw›`ª‡qi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q: g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mgq Bw›`ª‡qi m‡½ welqe¯‘i
we‡kl Dc‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| we‡kl we‡kl wRwb‡mi †¶‡Î we‡kl we‡kl Bw›`ªq mvov
RvMvq| †hgb, †Kvb wKQy †`Lvi Rb¨ †PvL, †kvbvi Rb¨ Kvb Ges ¯^v` MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wRnŸv
e¨eüZ nq I G‡`i g‡a¨ †ckxMZ cwieZ©b N‡U|

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb †h g‡bv‡hvM KZ wewPÎagx©| memgq †h

†Kej GKwU ˆewkó¨ g‡bv‡hvM‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e †Zgb bq eis GKvwaK ˆewkó¨ GK‡ÎI
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wba©viK n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, wk¶K hLb Qv·`i Zuvi K_vi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z
e‡jb Zvi A_© nj wk¶v_x©‡`i `„wó Ab¨w`K †_‡K mwi‡q wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ wbeÜ Kiv| GLv‡b
wk¶v_x©iv K_vgZ KvR K‡i e‡U Z‡e Zv `xN©¶Y a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB wk¶K evi evi
Zuvi Dc¯’vcb cÖwµqvi cwieZ©b Av‡bb hv‡Z wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡M GK‡N‡qgx bv Av‡m Ges
Zviv `xN© mgq wk¶‡Ki w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i|

g‡bv‡hvM †h‡nZz wbe©vPbagx©, PÂj, bZzb‡Z¡i mÜvbx, D‡Ïk¨g~jK ZvB Dc¯’vwcZ

welqe¯‘‡Z hw` GB ˆewkó¨¸wj Av‡ivc Kiv hvq Z‡eB g‡bv‡hvM‡K myw¯’ifv‡e a‡i ivLv
m¤¢e| Zv bv n‡j g‡bv‡hvM Zvi ag©B cvjb Ki‡e wk¶‡Ki c‡¶ GUv‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e
n‡e bv|

mvigg©:
g‡bv‡hvM GKwU gvbwmK cÖwµqv n‡jI Gi A‡bK¸‡jv ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| hvi GK
ev GKvwaK aiY g‡bv‡hvM m„wói KviY nq| g‡bv‡hvM B”Qvg~jK, wbe©vPbagx© I
cwieZ©bkxj cÖwµqv ZvB wk¶K‡K Ggb Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wkï
eva¨ n‡qB wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nq| AwaK wk¶v DcKi‡Yi e¨envi, ¯^‡ii
DÌvb cZb, wel‡qi ˆewPΨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM
AvKl©‡Yi †kªô Dcvq|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 112

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 5.3 g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯‘wbô KviY

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯‘wbô KviY¸wj D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wewfbœ D`vniYmn g‡bv‡hv‡Mi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨ nj †h, GwU e¨w³i AvMÖn, iæwP, B”Qv Awb”Qvi Dci wbf©i
K‡i| GB Rb¨B e¨w³‡f‡` g‡bv‡hvM I Zvi MfxiZv wfbœ nq| g‡bv‡hvM m„wói wKQy KviY
i‡q‡Q| KviY¸‡jv‡K cÖavYZ `yBfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb, e¯‘wbô KviY I e¨w³wbô
KviY| GB cv‡V Avgiv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯‘wbô KviY¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

e¯‘wbô KviY

wewfbœ e¯‘ ev evwn¨K cwiw¯’wZi d‡j †h g‡bv‡hvM m„wó nq ZvB nj g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯‘wbô
KviY| †hgb Avcwb Avbgbv n‡q iv¯Ívq GKv GKv nuvU‡Qb Ggb mgq GKUv Mvwo m‡Rv‡i
Qy‡U G‡m Avcbvi mvg‡bi MvQwU‡Z av°v †Lj| Igwb Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM H w`‡K Qy‡U hv‡e|
e¨vwn¨K †Kvb Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y hLb Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó nq Zv‡KB e¯‘wbô KviY e‡j|
†h me evwn¨K Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ô nq Zv nj NUbvi AvKw¯§KZv, e¯‘i AvKvi,
ZxeªZv, MwZkxjZv BZ¨vw`| wb‡P G¸wji weeiY †`Iqv nj|

(K) AvKvi I AvK…wZ: †QvU wRwb‡mi †P‡q eo wRwbm mn‡RB Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o
†bq| GKUz †f‡e †`Lyb‡Zv, GKwU 24 Zjv `vjvb I GKwU †`vZjv `vjv‡bi g‡a¨ 24 Zjv
`vjvbwU mn‡RB Avgv‡`i `„wó‡Z co‡e ZvB bv? †Zgwb eo AvKv‡ii †Kvb e¯‘ ev
A¯^vfvweK †QvU †Kvb wRwbm A_ev wK¤¢‚ZwKgvKvi †Kvb wKQy Lye mn‡RB Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM
AvK…ó K‡i|
(L) ZxeªZv: GKB ai‡Yi `y‡Uv M‡Üi g‡a¨ †hwU †ewk Zxeª †mwU Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o
e¯‘i cÖK…wZi DciI wb‡e| †hgb, eKzj, †ejx Ges nvmbv-‡nbv dz‡ji Zxeª MÜ mn‡RB Avgv‡`i AvK…ó K‡i|
g‡bv‡hvM wbf©ikxj GQvov Zxeª Av‡jv, D”P kã Gme wKQyB Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †K‡o †bq| GKevi †f‡e †`Lyb
†Zv Avcwb co‡Z e‡m‡Qb Avi ZLbB cv‡ki evwo †_‡K Lye †Rv‡i †Rv‡i †iwWI evR‡Z
ïiæ Kij| Gevi Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM †Kvb w`‡K hv‡e? wbðqB cv‡ki evwoi †iwWIi
AvIqv‡Ri w`‡K|
(M) MwZkxjZv: †_‡g _vKv e¯‘i Zzjbvq MwZkxj wKsev PjšÍ e¯‘ Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM
AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †ewk m¶g nq| †_‡g _vKv †ijMvoxi Zzjbvq PjšÍ †ijMvox Avgv‡`i
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| GRb¨B †Kvb Av‡jvwKZ weÁvc‡bi Zzjbvq wbqb mvB‡bi mPj
weÁvcb mn‡RB Avgv‡`i bRi †K‡o wb‡e| ZvB †Uwjwfkb ev wm‡bgvq †h `„k¨ Lye `ªæZ
cU cwieZ©b K‡i Zvi cÖwZ wkïiv A‡bK †ewk AvK…ó nq| ïay †QvUiv †Kb Avgiv eoivI
Kx Gi †P‡q wfbœ?

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 113

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

(N) cybive„wË: †Kvb wRwbm hLb evi evi Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ nq ZLb Zvi cÖwZ
Avgiv g‡bv‡hvMx nB| †hgb, †Kvb mvgvwRK mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ †Uwjwfkb, cwÎKv ev
wjd‡j‡Ui gva¨‡g evi evi IB mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© cÖPvi Kiv nq| Gi KviY nj hv‡Z RbMY
IB e¨vcv‡i g‡bv‡hvMx I m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i| wk¶K †Kvb welq evi evi e¨vL¨v K‡i covb
hv‡Z IB welqwUi cÖwZ wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM m„wó nq| Z‡e AwZwi³ cybive„wˇZ A‡bK
mgq GK‡N‡qgx P‡j Av‡m|

wPÎ 5.3.1: GB mvBb †evW©wU Kv‡iv `„wó Gov‡e?

(O) bZzbZ¡ I we‡kl ˆewkó¨: bZzb wRwb‡mi cÖwZ mn‡RB Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM avweZ nq|
†hgb, bZzb evwo, bZzb RvgvKvco, bZzb eB BZ¨vw`| GQvov me©`v nv‡m¨vR¡j, ˆn‰P I
d‚wZ©evR e¨w³i cÖwZI Avgiv mn‡RB g‡bv‡hvMx nB| bZzbZ¡ bvbv iKg n‡Z cv‡i|
AcwiwPZ e¨w³, bZzb ¯’v‡bi `„k¨, bZzb eB ev Kvc‡oi MÜ meB †Kgb gv`KZv RvMvq,
ZvB bv? †kªwY‡Z cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ bZzb K_v, bZzb D`vniY ev wfbœ ai‡bi
DcKiY e¨envi Kiv hvq|

(P) ¯’vwqZ¡: A‡bK mgq a‡i †Kvb wKQy Pj‡j Avgiv Zvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nB| †KD hw`
A‡bK¶Y a‡i K_v e‡j Zvn‡j †m Kx ej‡Q Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Avgiv Zvi K_vi cÖwZ

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 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q _vwK| Z‡e me mgq ¯’vqxZ¡ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Drm nq bv| †hgb, †kªwY‡Z Uvwb‡q
ivLv †Kvb wPÎ m¤ú‡K© wkïiv D`vmxbZv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| wk¶K hw` cv‡Vi mgq Giƒc wP‡Îi
D`vniY †`b Z‡e Zvr¶wYKfv‡e wkïiv H w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡e|

(Q) ˆemv`„k¨ ev Zzjbv: GUv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GKUv kZ©| †gvUv †jv‡Ki cv‡k ïKbv †jvK wKsev
mv`vi gv‡S Kvj †jvK memgqB Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L c‡o| mvBb †evW© ev weÁvc‡bi g‡a¨ ZvB
K‡qK iKg D¾¡j is, wecixZ ag©x is e¨envi K‡i gvby‡li `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv nq|

(R) Ae¯’vb: †Kvb wKQyi Ae¯’v‡bi DciI wbf©i K‡i Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM| †hgb,
g¨vMvwR‡bi wfZ‡ii w`‡Ki c„ôvi Zzjbvq cÖ_g c„ôvB Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †ewk †K‡o †bq|

(S) †MvcbxqZv: †Mvcbxq e¯‘i cÖwZ gvby‡li g‡bv‡hvM me©`vB †ewk _v‡K| †mRb¨B Kv‡iv
†Mvcb wKQz ïb‡Z †c‡j Zv mwVK fv‡e Rvbvi Rb¨ Avgiv Mfxi g‡bv‡hvMx †kªvZv n‡q DwV|

we`¨vj‡q wk¶v`v‡bi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi e¯‘wbô KviY¸wj wk¶‡Ki wbKU we‡klfv‡e
mgv`„Z n‡q _v‡K KviY wk¶K B”Qv Ki‡jB G¸wj‡K wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbgZ cwieZ©b cwiea©b
K‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cvV`v‡bi mgq wewfbœ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi e¨envi, †ev‡W© iw½b PK
w`‡q †jLv, ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb †_‡K D`vniY †`Iqv Ges cÖ‡qvRb gZ gvV ch©v‡q wb‡Z nv‡Z
Kj‡g wk¶v w`‡j wkïiv wk¶Yxq wel‡qi cÖwZ AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡i|

mvigg©:
wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó nIqvi wcQ‡b AšÍZ `ywU KviY i‡q‡Q, hvi
GKwU nj, e¨w³wbô KviY Ges AciwU nj e¯‘wbô KviY| e¯‘wbô KviY
nj cwi‡ekw¯’Z Dcv`vb hv g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi mnvqK| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
e¯‘i AvKvi, eY© ev M‡Üi ZxeªZv, e¯‘i MwZkxjZv bZzbZ¡, ¯’vwqZ¡
BZ¨vw`|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 115

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 5.4 g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¨w³wbô KviY

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¨w³wbô KviY¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

D`vniYmn e¨w³wbô Kvi‡Yi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †h KviY¸wj e¨w³i Dci wbf©i K‡i ZvB n‡jv e¨w³wbô ev Avf¨šÍixY KviY|
GB Avf¨šÍixY KviY¸‡jv e¨w³i g‡a¨ bvbvfv‡e m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, Avcwb hw` iex›`ª
msMxZ †ewk cQ›` K‡ib Z‡e `~i †_‡K †f‡m Avmv GB Mv‡bi myi Lye mn‡RB Avcbvi gb
†K‡o wb‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q MvbwU ïb‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb| GB D`vniY †_‡KB
nqZ Avcwb eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb †h, †hme KviY gvby‡li AšÍ¯’t Ae¯’v †_‡K m„wó nq Ges
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i †m¸‡jv‡KB e‡j e¨w³wbô KviY| GLv‡b
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi KZ¸wj e¨w³wbô KviY I Zvi D`vniY †`Iqv nj:

e¨w³i wewfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i (K) Av‡eM: Av‡eM g‡bv‡hv‡Mi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨w³wbô KviY| Avcbvi cwiev‡ii †QvU
wkï, Zv‡K KZBbv fvjev‡mb| †m hLb wbR g‡b GKv GKv †Ljv K‡i ev wKQy e‡j ZLb
Dci g‡bv‡hvM
ARv‡šÍ n‡jI Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM wkïwUi w`‡KB P‡j hv‡e| wKš‘ hv‡K Avcwb wP‡bbbv
wbf©ikxj
Rv‡bbbv Zvi cÖwZ Lye mn‡R GZUv g‡bv‡hvM nqZ Avcwb w`‡ZB cvi‡eb bv|

(L) AvMÖn: †hw`‡K hvi AvMÖn †ewk †m †mw`‡KB AwaK g‡bv‡hvM w`‡e| Gi d‡jB wU‡KU
†K‡U GKRb m½xZ wcÖq e¨w³ hvq Mv‡bi Abyôv‡b Avi †LjvwcÖq e¨w³ hvq †Ljv †`L‡Z|
GQvov cwÎKv Ly‡j †h †h wel‡q AvMÖnx †m †m welqwUB Av‡M †`L‡e|

(M) AwfÁZv: c~e© AwfÁZvi d‡jI gvbyl †Kvb †Kvb e¨vcv‡i AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q D‡V|
†hgb, Avcwb †h †`vKvb †_‡K me wRwbm wK‡bb, cwÎKvq †mB †`vKv‡bi weÁvcb †`L‡j
wKQyUv mg‡qi Rb¨ n‡jI Avcwb †m w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡eb| G‡Kev‡i AcwiwPZ e¯‘ ev
NUbvi cÖwZ Avgiv ZvB Lye GKUv g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cvwibv|

(N) Af¨vm I wk¶v: Af¨vm I wk¶v g‡bv‡hvM wba©viY K‡i _v‡K| †fvi‡ejv Nyg †_‡K D‡V
whwb wbqwgZ nv‡Ub Zvi g‡bv‡hvM mKv‡j †mw`‡KB hvq| GKRb Dw™¢` weÁvbx, Dw™¢`
msµvšÍ wel‡q, GKRb MwbZÁ MvwbwZK wel‡q †ewk g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q _v‡Kb|

(O) †gRvR I g‡bvfve: †Kvb Kvi‡Y †gRvR Lvivc _vK‡j ZLb AwZ mvgvb¨ e¨vcvi e¨w³i
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| wKš‘ Ab¨mgq wZwb Gme e¨vcv‡i †gv‡UI g‡bv‡hvM †`Lvb bv|
Kv‡iv cÖwZ fv‡jv ev g›` g‡bvfv‡ei wfwˇZI e¨w³ Zvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`Lvq|

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 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(P) †cÖlYv: e¨w³ †Kvb wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i Zvi AšÍ©wbwnZ †cÖlYvi
Dci| †hgb, ¶zavZ© e¨w³ Lv‡`¨i w`‡K, Z…òvZ© e¨w³ cvwbi w`‡K Ges whwb mgv‡R L¨vwZ
cÖwZôv †c‡Z Pvb wZwb Zv AR©‡bi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q _v‡Kb|

(Q) ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK my¯’¨Zv: kvwiixK I gvbwmK my¯’¨Zvi DciI g‡bv‡hvM wbf©i K‡i|
`uv‡Z e¨_v, gv_v e¨_v, R¡i wKsev †kvK-`ytL I `ywðvšÍvi d‡j e¨w³ †Kvb Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi gb welbœ Ae¯’vq †h MvbwU fvj jvM‡e, g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïbe, Ab¨
mgq nqZ Zv Kie bv| gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZi ev cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Mfxi m¤úK©
i‡q‡Q| A‡bK mgq Kv‡iv Avmvi A‡c¶vq _vK‡j gvby‡li cv‡qi k‡ãi cÖwZI Avgiv
g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q _vwK| Avcwb hw` Rv‡bb KvRwU KwVb Z‡e cÖ_g †_‡KB nqZ g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡q mwVKfv‡e Zv Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb Avevi †mvRv g‡b Ki‡j nq‡Zv ZZUv g‡bv‡hvMx
n‡eb bv|

cÖwZwU e¨w³B gb gvbwmKZvq AZ¨šÍ ˆewP‡Îi AwaKvix| GK GK mgq †m GK GKwU

wel‡qi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`q ZvB Giƒc e¨w³i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ me©`v evwn¨K
DcKiY h‡_ó nq bv| †hgb jvj is †`L‡j mevB AvK…ó n‡e Ggb †Kvb K_v †bB| hw`
†Kvb e¨w³ eY©vÜ nq Z‡e jvj is Zvi wbKU †Kvb Av‡e`bB m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| hvi
cv‡V AvMÖn Kg ev A`¶ cvVK Z‡e hZ AvKl©Yxq MíB †nvK bv †Kb H e¨w³ Zv co‡Z
Drmvn †eva Ki‡e bv| ZvQvov e¨w³i †gRvR, kvixwiK Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`I Zvi g‡bv‡hvM‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i|

cvV`v‡bi Kv‡R wk¶K hw` e¨w³i GB me AšÍt¯’ Dcv`vb¸wj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ _v‡Kb Ges
Gme e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v †bb Z‡eB wZwb wk¶v_x©i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Kv‡R mvdj¨
jvf K‡ib|

mvigg©:
e¨w³i †h AšÍ¯’t KviY¸‡jv welqe¯‘i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi c‡_
mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv‡KB g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¨w³wbô KviY e‡j|
GB KviY e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z wfbœ nq e‡j Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e e¯‘wbô
Kvi‡Yi †P‡q e¨w³wbô KviY wbqš¿Y Kiv KwVb| †h me Dcv`vb
e¨w³wbô Kvi‡Yi AšÍM©Z †m¸wj nj, Av‡eM, AvMÖn, AwfÁZv,
Af¨vm, †gRvR, †cÖlYv, ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ BZ¨vw`| †kªwYK‡¶
wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶K‡K h‡_ó eyw×gËvi mv‡_
G‡Mv‡Z n‡e|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 117

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 5.5 g‡bv‡hvM e„wׇZ wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM e„w×i †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

†kªwY‡Z wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn m„wói Dcvq D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

†kªwY‡Z wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM m„wói Kv‡R `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wk¶v‡¶‡Î g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn wk¶v‡K Kvh©Kix I e¨envi‡hvM¨ K‡i
†Zv‡j| g‡bv‡hvM Qvov wk¶v cÖK…Z ¯’vqxiƒc jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡¶‡Î GKRb wk¶‡Ki weivU
f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q, KviY †Kvb †Kvb mgq cÖwZKzj cwi‡ek, wel‡qi RwUjZv I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y
wkïiv cv‡V g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Giƒc Ae¯’vq wk¶K Zuvi AwfÁZv, cÖÁv I †gav w`‡q wkï‡K
cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| †kªwY‡Z AmsL¨ welq i‡q‡Q hv wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM wfbœ Lv‡Z
eB‡q w`‡Z cv‡i; †PvL auvavb is, gb gvZv‡bv cÖ`k©bx A_ev we‡kl †Kvb Kvh©Kjvc wkï‡K cvV
†_‡K †hgb `~‡i miv‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb wbim †Kvb welq Zv‡K g‡bv‡hvMxI K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|
evZv‡mi Pvc eySvevi Rb¨ wk¶K GKwU †ejyb dzjv‡Z dzjv‡Z dvwU‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib, GwU †hgb
wkï‡`i g‡a¨ wek¥q I Avb‡›`i m„wó Ki‡e †Zgwb g‡bv‡hvMI ˆZwi Ki‡e| GKBfv‡e D¾¡j is,
†jLvi g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡kl evK¨‡K `vM †U‡b ev is w`‡q wPwýZ Kiv, AevK Kiv NUbv NUv‡bv, K_v
ejvi mgq ¯^‡ii DVv-bvgv Kiv BZ¨vw` Dcv‡q wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv hvq| †`Lv †M‡Q †h,
wk¶‡Ki e³…Zvi †P‡q Zvi A½f½xi d‡j †h mvs‡KwZK fv‡ei cÖKvk nq Zvi gva¨‡g wkïiv bZzb
cov †ewk g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i|
†kªwY‡Zg‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn m„wói Dcvq
Kx K‡i GKRb wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcwb wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡eb Zv memgq e‡j †`Iqv
wk¶K wewfbœ Dcv‡q hvq bv Z‡e wb‡Pi c`‡¶c¸‡jv G e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡K wKQyUv n‡jI mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM
evov‡Z cv‡ib cv‡Vi cÖ_‡gB wkï‡`i H cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ e‡j w`b: †h wel‡q wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e cÖ_‡gB
Zvi D‡Ïk¨ e‡j w`b Ges g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Zv‡`i Kx jvf n‡Z cv‡i Zv fvjfv‡e eywS‡q w`b|
†hgb: evZv‡mi IRb covevi mgq ejyb, Ò†Zvgv‡`i IR‡bi gZ †h evZv‡miI IRb Av‡Q AvR
†m K_vB ejeÕÕ| ÒGevi Avwg Ggb GKwU cix¶v K‡i †`Lve hv †Zvgiv evwo‡ZI K‡i †`Lv‡Z
cviÕÕ| Gici Zv‡`i mvg‡b †ejyb w`‡q evZv‡mi IRb cix¶v Kiæb, †`L‡eb Zviv KZ AvMÖ‡ni
mv‡_ cv‡V g‡bv‡hvM w`‡”Q|
wkï‡`i gZvgZ Rvb‡Z Pvb: †Kvb cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi ci †mwU †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv wkï‡`i Kv‡Q
Rvb‡Z Pvb, †`L‡eb Zviv Lye mn‡RB cÖ‡kœi DËi LyuRvi Rb¨ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q †M‡Q Ges wPšÍv K‡i
wKQy GKUv DËi w`‡”Q| †hgb: ÒevZv‡mi IRb Av‡Q e‡j evZv‡m Avgv‡`i A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i,
Gevi ej‡Zv evZvm Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i ¶wZ K‡i?ÕÕ Giƒc cÖkœ wkï‡`i g‡a¨ wfbœgZ Dc¯’vc‡bi
my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡e Ges g‡bv‡hvM ˆZwii gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ my¯’ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve M‡o
Zzj‡e|
cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g AvMÖn m„wó Kiæb: Ggb wKQy cÖkœ Av‡Q hv wkï‡`i g‡a¨ AvMÖn m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb: Òg‡b Ki hw` Ggb nq Zvn‡j †Kgb n‡eÕÕ? BZ¨vw` ai‡bi wKQy cÖkœ w`‡q wkï‡`i AvMÖn
evovb hvq| Dc‡iv³ evZv‡mi IRb m¤úwK©Z GKwU cÖkœ w`‡q Gfv‡e wkï‡`i AvMÖn evov‡Z

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 118

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡ib| †hgb: ejyb, Òg‡b Ki nVvr K‡i evZvm Zvi IRb nvwi‡q †djj, Zvn‡j Kx n‡eÕÕ? K¬v‡mi
g‡a¨ Avwg †h †ejybwU dzjvjvg Zv hw` bv dz‡U dzj‡ZB _v‡K Z‡e Kx n‡eÕÕ? Giƒc AevšÍi cÖkœ
wkï‡`i †hŠw³Kfv‡e fvwe‡q Zzj‡e Ges Zviv †kªYxi cvV¨ wel‡q g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q
co‡e|
AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbv w`‡q wkï‡`i g‡b GKUv DrmyK¨ m„wó Kiæb: K¬vm ïiæ Kivi mgq AcÖZ¨vwkZ wKQy
NUbv NUvb hv wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM Ab¨ wKQy †_‡K mwi‡q Avcbvi wel‡q wbe× Ki‡e| †hgbt
evZv‡mi Pvc covevi Rb¨ GKwU KvM‡Ri †Vv½v dzwj‡q †kªwY‡ZZv cÖPÛ k‡ã dvwU‡q w`b, †`L‡eb
wkïiv fq †c‡q hv‡e (Aek¨B Zv Avb‡›`i fxwZ)| Gevi Zv‡`i NUbvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb,
wkïiv bv cvi‡j Avcwb Zvi KviY e¨vL¨v Kiæb, Zviv AZ¨šÍ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡qB Avcbvi K_v ïb‡e|
†kªwY‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Gfv‡e bZzb NUbv ev Ae¯’v m„wó K‡i wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv hvq|
†kªwYi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i wkï‡`i cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx Kiæb: †hgb welqe¯‘i Dc¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© †kªwYi
emvi e¨e¯’v cvj‡U w`‡Z cv‡ib A_ev Av‡jvi †Kvb cvV covevi mgq `iRv-Rvbvjv eÜ K‡i
†kªwYK¶‡K AÜKvi K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib, G‡Z wkïiv wfbœ GKUv Av‡gR wb‡q cv‡Vi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡e| Av‡eMc~Y© K_v w`‡q ev wPÎ I DcKiY e¨envi K‡iI gvbwmKfv‡e †kªwYi cwi‡ek e`‡j
†`Iqv hvq hv wkïi g‡b cv‡Vi Rb¨ GKUv Aven ˆZwi K‡i Ges Zv‡K g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i Zz‡j|
cv‡Vi Rb¨ GKvwaK Bw›`ªq e¨env‡ii my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiæb: cvV`v‡bi mgq †hb wkïiv aiv, †Qvuqv,
†`Lv I MÜ †bIqvi my‡hvM cvq †m w`‡K j¶ ivLyb, G‡Z Zv‡`i GKvwaK Bw›`ªq e¨env‡ii my‡hvM
m„wó n‡e Ges g‡bv‡hvM e„w× cv‡e| wb‡R wb‡R Ki‡Z †`Iqv Giƒc cÖ‡Póvi GKwU †kªô D`vniY|
weÁv‡bi K¬v‡m Giƒc cÖ‡Póvi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q AZGe Zvi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM e„wׇZ
mnvqZv Kiæb|
†kªwY‡ZA½f½xi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv hvq: cvV`v‡bi mgq wewfbœ cÖKvi bovPov,
gyLf½x, ¯^‡ii DÌvb-cZb, cvqPvix, A½ywj wb‡`©k BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjv
hvq| myZivs hLb †hgb cÖ‡qvRb e¨envi Kiæb, GUv Avcbvi cvV‡K †hgb AvKl©Yxq Ki‡e †Zgwb
wkï‡`iI cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|
gy`ªv‡`vl ev weiw³Ki AvPiY cwinvi Kiæb: Avcbvi g‡a¨ hw` †Kvb gy`ªv‡`vl _v‡K †hgb K_vq
K_vq ÔeySjvÕ ejv ev nvZ ev gy‡Li we‡kl fw½ Kiv BZ¨vw` m‡PZbfv‡e cwinvi Kiæb| Zv bv n‡j
Avcbvi cvV AvKl©Yxq n‡jI wkïiv Avcbvi gy`ªv‡`v‡li e¨vcv‡iB AwaK AvMÖnx n‡q co‡e|
wk¶‡Ki weiw³Ki AvPiY wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM‡K wfbœ Lv‡Z eB‡q †`q|

mvigg©:
we`¨vj‡qi cv‡V wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| g‡bv‡hvM Qvov
wk¶K Zvi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB g‡bv‡hvM m„wói
gva¨‡g wkï‡`i cv‡V eªZx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki weivU f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q, KviY
†Kvb †Kvb mgq cÖwZKzj cwi‡ek, wel‡qi RwUjZv I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi
Kvi‡YI wkïiv cv‡V g‡bv‡hvM nvwi‡q †dj‡Z cv‡i| GgZve¯’vq wk¶K
Zvi AwfÁZv, cÖÁv I †gav w`‡q wkï‡K cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z
cv‡ib| †kªwY‡Z g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn m„wó Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K KZ¸‡jv c`‡¶c
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb: D‡Ï‡k¨i eY©bv K‡i, gZvgZ Rvb‡Z ‡P‡q,
cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖkœ K‡i, AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbv w`‡q BZ¨vw`|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 119

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 5.6 ¯§„wZ I Zvi Dcv`vb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

¯§„wZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq, Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

¯§„wZ Kx Kx Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

¯§„wZi j¶Y¸wj D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

¯§„wZ Dbœq‡b wk¶‡Ki KiYxq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKUz wPšÍv K‡i †`Lyb‡Zv! Avgiv cÖwZw`b KZwKQy †`wL, ïwb, Zvi meUvB Kx Avgv‡`i g‡b
_v‡K? bv _v‡K bv| Avgiv wKQy g‡b ivwL Avi wKQy fz‡j hvB| Gi g‡a¨ Avevi wKQy welq
`xN© mgq I wKQz welq Aí mgq g‡b _v‡K| Av‡M N‡U hvIqv †Kvb welq g‡b a‡i ivLv ev
g‡b Ki‡Z cviv‡K mvaviY fvlvq ¯§„wZ e‡j| aiæb, Avcwb A‡bKw`b Av‡M GKwU wm‡bgv
†`‡L‡Qb, GLbI Zvi MíwU g‡b Av‡Q| GB g‡b _vKvUvB n‡jv Avcbvi ¯§„wZ| Avevi
A‡bKw`b Av‡M Kv‡iv mv‡_ cwiPq n‡qwQj GLb Zv‡K †`‡L wPb‡Z cvi‡jb| GB wPb‡Z
cvivUvB n‡jv Avcbvi ¯§„wZ| myZivs ¯§„wZ nj, AZx‡Zi †Kvb welq ev NUbv‡K h_vm¤¢e
g‡b Ki‡Z cviv| ZvB ¯§„wZi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g cÖ‡qvRb nj †KvbwKQy †kLv, †`Lv, †kvbv wKsev
Rvbv| GB ¯§„wZ‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j wewfbœ Dcv`vb †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| †hgb:

1| wkLb: AvPi‡Yi Kvw•LZ cwieZ©bB n‡jv wkLb| †Kvb wKQz Av‡M bv wkL‡j, bv †`L‡j
¯§„wZ‡Z cÖfve m„wóKvix Zv g‡b Kivi cÖkœB D‡Vbv| ZvB cÖ_‡g Avgv‡`i wkL‡Z n‡e Zvici Zv g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e|
Dcv`vb aiæb, Avcwb GKwU KweZv g‡b Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb wKš‘ KweZvwU hw` Avcbvi ¯§„wZ‡Z bv _v‡K
Z‡e Zv g‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| ZvB cÖ_‡g KweZvwU wk‡L Zvici Zv g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e, ZvB
bv?

2| msi¶Y ev aviY: †Kvb wKQyi †kLvi ci Zv mwVKfv‡e gvbwmK ¯Í‡i a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
mwVKfv‡e bv a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡j Avcbvi †kLvUv Kvh©Kix n‡ebv A_©vr Avcwb ¯§„wZ‡Z
Avb‡Z cvi‡eb bv| mevi msi¶Y ¶gZv mgvb bq| g‡b Kiæb, Avcwb †Kvb nv‡Zi KvR
wk‡LwQ‡jb, wKš‘ GLb Zv Ae‡PZb ¯Í‡i Rgv †bB Zvn‡j Avcwb wK Zv g‡b Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb? bv cvi‡eb bv? †Kb Ggb nj, KviY IB wbw`©ó KvRwUi †KŠkj GLb h_vh_
msiw¶Z †bB|

3| cybiæ‡`ªK ev g‡b Kiv: Av‡Mi †Kvb welq, NUbv ev e¨w³i K_v ¯§„wZ †_‡K g‡b RvwM‡q
†ZvjvB nj cybiæ‡`ªK| mvaviYZ e¯‘i Abycw¯’wZ‡Z cybiæ‡`ªK n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv ¯‹zj,
K‡j‡R †h cix¶v w`‡q _vwK Zv‡Zv cybiæ‡`ª‡Ki gva¨‡gB nq| g‡b Kiæb A‡bKw`b Av‡M
Avcwb UvBc Ki‡Z wk‡LwQ‡jb, GLb hw` Zvi wbqg¸‡jv g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zvn‡j GB
g‡b Ki‡Z cvivvUvB n‡jv cybiæ‡`ªK| A_©vr Avcwb cybiæ‡`ª‡Ki gva¨‡g cyiv‡bv welqUv‡K
Avevi ¯§i‡Y wb‡q G‡jb|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 120

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4| mbv³KiY: Av‡Mi †`Lv †Kvb welq, e¯‘, e¨w³ wKsev NUbv‡K mwVKfv‡e wPb‡Z cvivB
nj mbv³KiY| GUv mvaviYZ e¯‘ ev wel‡qi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z n‡q _v‡K| eûwbe©vPbx cÖ‡kœ GB
ai‡Yi mbv³KiY Kiv nq| GLv‡b e¨w³ A‡bK¸wj DËi †_‡K mwVK Ges †Pbv DËiwU
†e‡Q †bq| cybiæ‡`ªK †_‡K GwU †ewk mnR|

¯§„wZi j¶Y:

¯§„wZkw³ GKwU gvbwmK ¶gZv GB ¶gZvi wKQy ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv †`‡L Avgviv eyS‡Z cvwi
Kvi ¯§„wZkw³ KZUv DbœZ| GLv‡b Zvi wZbwU j¶Y eY©bv Kiv nj:

1. Aí †Póvq welqe¯‘ `ªæZ AvqË¡ Kiv: AwaKvsk wkL‡bi Rb¨B cÖ‡Póv Avek¨K| Z‡e †Kvb
Zx² ¯§„wZkw³i
†Kvb wkL‡bi Rb¨ `xN© cÖ‡Póvi cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: UvBc Ki‡Z wkLv| Avevi †Kvb wkL‡bi
AwaKvix †Pbvi Dcvq Rb¨ gvÎ GKwU cÖ‡PóvB h‡_ó | †hgb: †Kvb e¨w³i Ae¯’vb ev wVKvbv Lyu‡R †ei Kiv|
wkL‡bi †Póvi mv‡_ ¯§„wZi GKUv Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| hvi ¯§„wZkw³ hZ cªLi †m ZZ Kg
cÖ‡Póvq Ges ZvovZvwo †Kvb welq AvqË¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †kªwY‡ZcvV`vb Kivi mgq
cybive„wËi e¨envi Kiæb hv‡Z `ye©j ¯§„wZkw³i wkïiv GKvwaKevi ï‡b Zv g‡b ivL‡Z
cv‡i|

2. `xN©mgq welqe¯‘ g‡b ivLv: fvj ¯§„wZi Avi GKwU ˆewkó¨ nj `xN©mgq a‡i AaxZ welq
g‡b ivLv| †Kvb welq GKevi wk‡L wb‡j hw` cieZx© mgq Zv g‡b _v‡K Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv
¯§i‡Y Avbv hvq Z‡eB eySv hv‡e AaxZ welqwU ¯’vqxfv‡e wkLv n‡q‡Q| ¯§„wZ `ye©j n‡j GB
wkLb ¯’vqx nq bv eis gvS c‡_B nvwi‡q hvq| ZvB `ye©j wk¶v_x©‡`i †ejvq wkLb‡K ¯’vqx
Kivi Rb¨ Zv evi evi Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq ev AwZ wkL‡bi Avkªq wb†Z nq|

3. `ªæZ Ges h_vh_fv‡e cybiæ‡`ªK Kiv: †Kvb wkLb AwR©Z nIqvi ci hw` Zv Avi
cybiæ‡`ªK Kiv bv hvq Z‡e Zv‡K wkLb ejv hv‡e bv| AZGe, AaxZ welq fz†j bv wM‡q
`ªæZ cybiæ‡`ªK Ki‡Z cviv fvj wkL‡bi j¶Y| †kªwY‡Zwkï‡`i mnR cÖkœ K‡i `ªæZ 10
†m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ Reve w`‡Z ejyb, †`L‡eb mevB Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †KD †KD GB 10
†m‡K‡Ûi wfZi Reve w`‡Z cv‡i bv wKš‘ Zvi †P‡q †`ix‡Z Reve w`‡Z cvi‡Q| G‡`i
¯§„wZkw³ `ye©j ev cybiæ‡`ª‡Ki ¶gZv Kg e‡j a‡i †bIqv hvq|

¯§„wZi e¨vcv‡i wk¶‡Ki KiYxq

we`¨vj‡qi wkï‡`i ¯§„wZkw³‡K Av‡iv kvwYZ K‡i e¨envi‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡j wk¶‡Ki
wkï‡`i ¯§„wZ evov‡bvi mwµq cÖ‡Póv cÖ‡qvRb| me wkïB Rb¥MZfv‡e cÖej ¯§„wZkw³i AwaKvix nq bv ZvB Giƒc
Rb¨ Avcbv‡K mwµq wkï‡`i Rb¨ wk¶K A_ev wk¶v Kvh©µ‡g Ggb wKQy e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi hv wkï‡`i
n‡Z n‡e ¯§„wZkw³‡K Av‡iv Zx² K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| GB cv‡V wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ K‡qKwU e¨e¯’v †`Iqv
nj hv‡Z Zviv mn‡RB Zv e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb:

K. welqe¯‘i e¨vL¨v Kiv: welqe¯‘i e¨vL¨v †evaMg¨Zv evovq Ges Zv g‡b ivLvi c‡¶
mnvqK| ZvB wkL‡bi welqe¯‘‡K A_©c~Y©fv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i wkï‡`i eywS‡q w`b| cyivZb

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 121

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

AwfÁZvi mv‡_ bZzb AwfÁZv hy³ K‡i wKsev ev¯Íe D`vniY w`‡q welq‡K Av‡iv ¯úó
K‡i Zzjyb|

L. mvgwMÖK aviYv cÖ`vb: †Kvb wel‡q cvV †`Iqvi c~‡e© H welq m¤ú‡K© GKUv mvgwMÖK
aviYv w`b| †hgb: †Kvb cÖeÜ cvV Kivi Av‡M Zvi GKwU msw¶ß eY©bv w`b hv‡Z H welq
m¤ú‡K© Zviv GKUv c~Y©v½ wPÎ †c‡q hvq| Giƒc aviYv †`Iqvi ci hw` cÖeÜwU †f‡½ †f‡½
covb hvq Zvn‡j wkï‡`i c‡¶ Zv g‡b ivLv Ges cybiæ‡`ªK KivI mnR n‡e|

M. wk¶v DcKiY e¨envi: wk¶Yxq welq‡K mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ wKQy mnvqK Dcv`vb
cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: kªeY-`k©b DKiY| GB Dcv`vb¸‡jv wkLb‡hvM¨ aviYv‡K g‡b ivLvi Rb¨
mnvqZv K‡i| wk¶v DcKiY¸‡jv hw` Rvbv wel‡qi g‡a¨ †_‡K nq Z‡e Rvbv wRwbm¸‡jv
ARvbv wRwb‡mi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q †Rvovi Dfq Ask‡KB `ªæZ msi¶Y K‡i Ges Zv cybiæ‡`ªK
Kivi mgqI mnvqK nq|

N. jvMmB welqe¯‘ e¨envi: welqe¯‘ jvMmB nIqv gv‡b wk¶Yxq welq †hb wk¶v_x©‡`i
eqm, †hvM¨Zv I cÖeYZvi KvQvKvwQ nIqv| cvV¨welq wk¶v_x©‡`i eq‡mi Abycv‡Z Kg ev
†ewk n‡j, Zvi †hvM¨Zvi AvIZvi evB‡i n‡j A_ev wel‡qi cÖwZ Zv‡`i AvMÖn bv _vK‡j
Z‡e †m welq wk¶v Kiv KwVb n‡q `vovq| AeGe, G w`‡KI wk¶K‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e
†hb wk¶Yxq welq wkï‡`i AvIZvi g‡a¨ _v‡K|

O. A½fw½i e¨envi: wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ A½fw½ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g| Avevi GB cÖwµqv
hw` AwZgvÎvq msNwUZ nq Z‡e Zv wk¶vi AbyK‚j bv n‡q cÖwZKzj n‡q `vov‡e| ZvB
cvV`v‡bi mgq cwiwgZ bovPov, ¯^‡ii DÌvb-cZb, wewfbœ Abyf‚wZi ewntcÖKvk BZ¨vw`
Aej¤^b K‡i wkLb‡K `xN©¯’vqx I Kvh©Ki K‡i †Zvjv hvq|

mvigg©:
†Kvb wKQy †`‡L ev ï‡b g‡b ivL‡Z cvivB nj ¯§„wZ| ¯§„wZi KZ¸wj
Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| †hgb: wkLb msi¶Y, cybiæ‡`ªK I mbv³KiY| gvby‡li
g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ we‡kl K‡qKwU j¶Y †`‡L Zvi ¯§„wZi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©
aviYv cvIqv hvq| †hgb: ¯^íZg mg‡q welqe¯‘ AvqË¡ Kiv, `xN© mgq
welqe¯‘ g‡b ivLv, `ªæZ Ges h_v_©fv‡e cybiæ‡`ªK Kiv| wk¶KMY wewfbœ
Dcvq ev c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i wkï‡`i ¯§„wZ‡K Av‡iv AwaK kw³kvjx
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 122

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 5.7 g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

†Kvb wKQy g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ mnR c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

¯§„wZkw³ gvby‡li Ggb GKwU ¸Y hv memgqB Zv‡K we‡kl wKQy myweav †`q| ˆ`bw›`b
Rxe‡b †Kvb KvR Kivi Rb¨ eû Z_¨, NUbv ev welq Avgv‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq
Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Zv ¯§i‡Y G‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡Z nq| †hgb: wk¶v_x©iv mviv eQi hv c‡o
cix¶vi mgq hw` Zv g‡b bv Av‡m Z‡e †mB wk¶v †Kvb Kv‡R Av‡m bv| AwR©Z wk¶v ev
welq hv‡Z h_vmg‡q ¯§iY Kiv hvq Zvi Rb¨ wkLb cÖwµqvq wKQy ˆewPΨ Avb‡Z nq A_©vr
wkL‡bi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡j AaxZ welq `xN© w`b a‡i g‡b ivLv hvq| wb‡P
Abyiƒc KZ¸wj †KŠkj eÈbv Kiv nj|

1. Ave„wË: bxi‡e covi †P‡q Ave„wË K‡i co‡j cvVwU mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K| †Kvb KweZv ev
†Kvb welq `xN©w`b cvV gyL¯’ Kivi mgq Pzc K‡i covi †P‡q kã K‡i co‡j Avgv‡`i †PvL I Kvb `y‡UvB
g‡b ivLvi A‡bK e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡Z covwUI ZvovZvwo gyL¯’ nq|
Dcvq Av‡Q
2. hyw³wbô ev A_©c~Y© wkLb: †Kvb wKQy ey‡S, ev¯Íe D`vniY mn co‡j Zv mn‡RB g‡b
_v‡K| welqe¯‘i g~jfve ey‡S Zvi mv‡_ Ab¨wKQyi m¤úK© hw` wba©viY Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j
welqwU mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K|

3. mvgwMÖK ebvg AvswkK c×wZ: M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h, welqe¯Í‡K AvswkKfv‡e bv c‡o
mvgwMÖK fv‡e co‡j Zv mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K| Z‡e welq e¯‘wU hw` Lye eo nq Z‡e AvswkK
c×wZ‡Z covB fvj| KLb AvswkK ev KLb mvgwMÖK c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i
wel‡qi cÖK…wZi Dci| eo welqe¯‘‡K Ggbfv‡e fvM Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖwZwU fv‡M GKwU
mywbw`©ó A_©c~Y© fve cÖKvk cvq|

4. mg‡qi e¨eav‡b cybive„wË: †Kvb welq GKUvbv bv c‡o wKQyUv mgq weiwZ w`‡q co‡j
Zv mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K| ZvB †Kvb Qov wbqwgZfv‡e †ivR GKevi K‡i †`L‡j Avgiv Avi
Zv fz‡j hvBbv|

5. †kªwY MVb ev m½e×KiY c×wZ: welqe¯‘‡K †Kvb we‡kl ˆewkó¨ ev wbq‡gi wfwˇZ fvM
K‡i wb‡j †mwU mn‡R g‡b ivLv hvq| †hgb: 10, 15, 20, 25 †K hZ mn‡R g‡b ivLv
hv‡e 10, 11, 38, 14, 18, ZZ mn‡R g‡b ivLv hv‡ebv| GLv‡b NUbv‡K GKwU wbqg
gvwdK †kªwY KiY K‡i g‡b ivL‡Z †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 123

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

6. ¯§„wZi ms‡KZ: †Kvb wk¶Yxq welq‡K ms‡KZ, D`vniY ev Dcgv hy³ K‡i wkL‡j Zv
mn‡RB g‡b _v‡K| †hgb: isabyi mvZwU is Ô†ebxAvmnKjvÕ GB ms‡KZwU w`‡q mn‡RB
g‡b Ki‡Z cvwi| wKš‘ Zv bv K‡i hw` me¸wj is Gi bvg g‡b ivL‡Z †Póv Kwi Z‡e nqZ
wkL‡Z ev g‡b ivL‡Z Kó n‡e|

7. Mfxi AvMÖn I g‡bv‡hvM: †Kvb wKQy †kLvi †cQ‡b Mfxi AvMÖn, B”Qv Ges g‡bv‡hvM
_vK‡j Zv mn‡RB AvqZ¡ Kiv hvq|

8. AwawkLb I ch©v‡jvPbv: g‡bvweÁvbx Gwesn‡mi g‡Z, †Kvb welq mwVK fv‡e wkL‡Z hZ
mgq jv‡M Zvi †P‡q †ewk mgq e¨q K‡i wkLbB n‡jv AwawkLb, †hgb: 10 evi covi ci
KweZvwU gyL¯’ n‡q‡Q Gici Av‡iv 5 evi cov n‡j GUv n‡e AwawkLb| AwawkLb Ges Zv
gv‡S gv‡S Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j welqe¯‘ A‡bKw`b g‡b _v‡K|

9. iwebm‡bi wbqg: iwebm‡bi c×wZ‡Z co‡j welqe¯‘ mn‡RB g‡b _vK‡e| Zvi c×wZi
m~Î nj ÒSurvey Q3RÓ c×wZ| Gi A_© n‡”Q ÒSurveyÓ ev Rwic Ki, Question ev
cÖkœ Ki Ges wZbwU R Gi mvnv‡h¨ wkL| GLv‡b R wZbwU nj Read ev cov, Recite ev
Ave„wË Kiv Ges Review ev ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| A_©vr †Kvb welqe¯‘ c‡o Zv‡K Rwic K‡i
ev ey‡S †mB wel‡q wKQy cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici †mB cÖkœ¸‡jv DËi cvevi Rb¨ Zv‡K
evi evi Ave„wË K‡i welqUv co‡Z n‡e| †kLv †kl n‡j cybivq ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i welqwU
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|

mvigg©:
¯§„wZkw³ gvby‡li Ggb GKwU ¸Y hv Zv‡K cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ gvwb‡q Pj‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Z_¨ I NUbv g‡b msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g
¯§„wZkw³ Avgv‡`i GB gvwb‡q Pjvi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i| g‡b ivLvi Kv‡R
mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ KZK¸wj Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| †hgb: Ave„wË, hyw³wbô ev
A_©c~Y© wkLb, mvgwMÖK ev AvswkK c×wZ, mg‡qi e¨eav‡b cybive„wË, †kªwY
MVb c×wZ, ¯§„wZi ms‡KZ, AvMÖn, AwawkLb BZ¨vw`| GBme c×wZi GK
ev GKvwaK Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i Avgiv Lye mn‡RB †h †Kvb welq `xN©w`b
g‡b ivL‡Z cvwi|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 124

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 5.8 we¯§„wZ I Zvi KviY

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

we¯§„wZ Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

we¯§„wZi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

we¯§„wZi KviY¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†Kvb wKQy †`Lv, †kvbv ev †kLvi ci Avgiv hv fz‡j hvB ZvB n‡jv we¯§„wZ| A_©vr Av‡Mi
†Kvb NUbv‡K eZ©gv‡b g‡b bv Ki‡Z cvivUvB nj we¯§„wZ| aiæb, Avcwb A‡bKw`b Av‡M
GKwU KweZv gyL¯’ K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ GLb Zv wKQy‡ZB g‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, GUvB nj
Avcbvi we¯§„wZ| GQvov, GK e¨w³ A‡bKw`b Av‡M MxUvi evRv‡Z wk‡LwQj GLb Zv
evRv‡Z cvi‡Qbv GB fz‡j hvIqvUvB n‡jv we¯§„wZ| g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i g‡Z ¯§„wZi Rb¨B
we¯§„wZi cÖ‡qvRb| we¯§„wZi d‡j AcÖ‡qvRbxq welq gb †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq welq
Rvbv wRwbm fz‡j g‡b ivL‡Z cvwi| GQvov bvbviKg A¯^w¯ÍKi I †e`bv`vqK Ae¯’v fz‡j wM‡q Rxeb‡K my›`i
hvIqvB we¯§„wZ I ¯^vfvweK fv‡e Pvjv‡Z cvwi| Z‡e A‡bK mgq cÖ‡qvRbxq I cÖvmw½K welq fz‡j wM‡q
Amyweavq co‡Z nq| †Kb Avgiv fz‡j hvB? Gi wcQ‡b bvbviKg KviY i‡q‡Q| †hgb:
1. ch©v‡jvPbvi Afve: †h †Kvb welq †kLvi ci Zv Abykxjb I ch©v‡jvPbvi Afv‡e Avgiv
fz‡j hvB| Avevi Ae¨env‡ii Kvi‡YI mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgiv fz‡j hvB| hw`I mvaviY
`„wó‡Z GwU we¯§„wZi GKwU KviY e‡j g‡b nq ZeyI g‡bvweÁvbxiv G‡K KviY wnmv‡e mg_©b
K‡i bv| KviY Ggb A‡bK NUbv Av‡Q hv Avgiv G‡Kev‡i fz‡j hvB| wKš‘ nVvr K‡i Zv
Avevi Avgv‡`i g‡b †f‡m D‡V| GRb¨B †`Lv hvq GKRb e„× e¨w³ Zvi †QvU‡ejvi †Kvb
NUbv‡K ûeû eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
2. AbywkLb cÖwZeÜKZv: †Kvb wKQy †kLvi ci ciB hw` Av‡iKwU welq wkwL Zvn‡j †`Lv
hv‡e †h, bZzb welqwU †kLvi d‡j Av‡Mi †kLv welqwU A‡bKUv fz‡j wM‡qwQ| †Kb Ggb
nq? cð`gyLx evavi d‡j Ggb nq, bZzb †kLv welqwU c~‡e© †kLv welq g‡b Kivi c‡_ evav
wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| g‡b Kiæb, †Kvb GKRb wk¶v_©x GKwU KweZv gyL¯’ K‡i‡Q Gici Zv‡K
Abyiƒc Av‡iKwU KweZv gyL¯’ Ki‡Z †`qv nj| Gevi Zvi cÖ_‡g †kLv KweZvwU gyL¯’ Av‡Q
wK bv Zv cix¶v Ki‡Z †M‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h cÖ_g KweZv †_‡K †ek wKQy Ask Qy‡U hv‡”Q
Ges wØZxq ev‡i †kLv KweZvwU evi evi g‡b G‡m cÖ_g KweZvi g‡b Kivi c‡_ evav
w`‡”Q| wk¶vi c‡_ G ai‡Yi cÖwZeÜKZvB nj AbywkLb cÖwZeÜKZv|
3. c~e©wk¶Y cÖwZeÜKZv: GUv cðv`gyLx evavi wecixZ| Avm‡j cðvgyLx evav I c~e© wkLb
cÖwZeÜKZv GKB NUbvi GwcV IwcV| G‡¶‡Î GKwU welq †kLvi ciciB Av‡iKwU welq
wkL‡j, cÖ_g welqwU wØZxq †kLvi †¶‡Î evav m„wó K‡i| hw` †KD cÖ_‡g GKwU KweZv
wk‡L c‡i †Kvb weiwZ bv w`‡q Abyiƒc Av‡iKwU KweZv wk‡L Z‡e bZzb †kLv KweZvwU g‡b
Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_g KweZvwUi Askwe‡kl g‡b c‡o evavi m„wó Ki‡e| Giƒc cÖwZeÜKZvB
nj wkL‡bi c~e©wkLb cÖwZeÜKZv|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 125

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

4. cÖKviMZ cwieZ©b: ¯§„wZ ïay nvwi‡qB hvq bv eis Gi weK…wZI N‡U| ¯§„wZi weK…wZ hw`
†ewk nq Z‡e Avmj NUbvi mv‡_ wkL‡bi G‡Kev‡iB wgj _v‡K bv| †hgb, GKRb e¨w³
KvD‡K wKQy ej‡jv, †m wM‡q Av‡iKRb‡K H K_v ej‡jv Z‡e ejvi mgq e³e¨ wKQyUv
e`‡j †Mj| Zvici wØZxq e¨w³ H GKB K_v Z…Zxq e¨w³‡K ejj| GeviI wbw`©ó K_v
ejvi mgq e³e¨ wKQyUv e`‡j †Mj| Gfv‡e GKB K_v GKvw`µ‡g K‡qK ev‡i eûj
cwigv‡bB weK…Z n‡q hvq| GB ai‡bi cwieZ©b‡K e‡j cÖKviMZ cwieZ©b|
5. mœvqyweK Qvc: †Kvb †Kvb g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i g‡Z wKQy †kLvi ci Zvi GKvUv Qvc Avgv‡`i
gw¯Í‡®‹ c‡o| GB KwíZ Qvc‡K QvcZË¡ e‡j| †M÷vë g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i g‡Z, we¯§„wZ nj
¯§„wZ Qv‡ci weK…wZ ev cwieZ©b|
6. Av‡eMRwbZ cÖwZ‡iva: wewfbœ Av‡eMRwbZ Kvi‡Y †hgb, j¾v, fq, ivM, N„Yv BZ¨vw`
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨w³ fvjfv‡e †kLv welqwUI g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY Zvi g‡a¨ ZLb GKUv
D‡ËRbv KvR K‡i| Gi d‡jB †`Lv hvq cix¶v n‡j wM‡q Aw¯’iZv I D‡×‡Mi Kvi‡Y e¨w³
Zvi Rvbv wRwbmI g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
7. AvNvZ: †Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` gv_vq AvNvZ jv‡M, Z‡e Avgiv A‡bK mgq A‡bK wKQy fz‡j
hvB| †hgb: `~N©Ubv, hy×, †Ljva~jv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y gv_vq AvNvZ †j‡M we¯§„wZ †`Lv w`‡Z
cv‡i|
8. Ae`gb: g‡bvweÁvbx d«‡q‡Wi g‡Z, †hme NUbv Avgiv g‡b Ki‡Z PvBbv, Zv GKiKg
†Rvi K‡iB g‡bi Ae‡PZb ¯Í‡i Ae`gb K‡i ivwL myZivs Zvi g‡Z, Avgiv hv fz‡j _vK‡Z
PvB ZvB fz‡j hvB|
9. cwiewZ©Z cwi‡ek: bZzb cwi‡ek cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgiv A‡bK wKQy fz‡j hvB| G Rb¨B
†`Lv hvq †h, GK e¨w³ N‡i e‡m DËi w`‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ ÒPvKzixi B›UviwfDÓ w`‡Z †M‡j
†m¸wj meB fz‡j hvq| Avm‡j bZzb Ae¯’vq wfbœ cwi‡e‡k wM‡q †Kvb welq gb †_‡K
mvgwqKfv‡e gy‡Q †h‡Z cv‡i|

mvigg©:
†Kvb AaxZ welq AR©b Kivi ci hw` Zv Avi g‡b Avb‡Z bv cvwi Z‡e Zv‡KB
e‡j we¯§„wZ| ¯§„wZ I we¯§„wZ DfqB cvkvcvwk P‡j A_©vr †kLvi ciB fz‡j hvIqv
mvwaZ nq (me †¶‡Î nq bv)| we¯§„wZ bZzb welq ¯§iY cÖwµqvq aviY Ki‡Z
Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i e‡jB Avgiv Av‡iv bZzb welq AvqË¡ Kwi| ZvQvov Avgv‡`i
Rxe‡bi †e`bv`vqK Abyf‚wZ¸wj we¯§„wZi gva¨‡gB gb †_‡K gy‡Q wM‡q welv`gq
Ae¯’v †_‡K Avgv‡`i i¶v K‡i| AaxZ welq gb †_‡K gy‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨ KZ¸wj
KviY i‡q‡Q| †hgb: ch©v‡jvPbvi Afve, AbywkLb cÖwZeÜKZv, c~e©wkLb
cÖwZeÜKZv, cÖKviMZ cwieZ©b, AvNvZ BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 126

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb: BDwbU 5

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|

1. Ò†PZbvi †h ch©v‡q Avgiv e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© Ávb jvf Kwi ZvB g‡bv‡hvMÓ- GB
msÁvwU Kvi?
K. g¨vKWzMvj
L. wU‡Pbvi
M. bvBU GÛ bvBU
N. ÷vDU|

2. g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wZbwU Dcv`vb Kx?

K. evQvB, Mfxi `„wó I gvbwmK wµqv
L. evQvB, g‡bv wb‡ek I cÖwZwµqv
M. DÏxcK, wbe©vPb I Mfxi `„wó
N. wbe©vPb, Mfxi `„wó I cÖwZwµqv|

3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ˆewkó¨ bq?

K. g‡bv‡hvM GKwU D‡Ïk¨g~jK wµqv
L. g‡bv‡hvM wbe©vPbg~Lx
M. g‡bv‡hvM bZzb‡Z¡i wcqvmx
N. g‡bv‡hvM avivevwnK I axi cÖwµqv|

4. dzUej †Ljvi gv‡V hLb ejwU †Mvj†cv‡÷i KvQvKvwQ P‡j Av‡m ZLb `k©K‡`i
g‡a¨ †h g‡bv‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq Zv †Kvb Kvi‡Y nq?
K. e¯‘wbô KviY
L. e¨w³wbô KviY
M. g‡bv‡hvM
N. AvMÖn|

5. wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv ¯§„wZi Dcv`vb?

K. †`Lv, †kvbv, †kLv I cybiæ‡`ªK
L. wkLb, †kvbv, msi¶Y I cybiæ‡`ªK
M. wkLb, msi¶Y, cybiæ‡`ªK I mbv³KiY
N. Dc‡ii GKwUI bv|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 127

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

6. †h e¨w³ Aí mg‡q `ªæZ Ges h_vh_fv‡e welqe¯‘ cybiæ‡`ªK Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Kx
ejv hvq?
K. fvj ¯§„wZi AwaKvix
L. AwaK eyw×gvb
M. AwaK PÂj
N. fvj I †gavex|

7. AwawkLb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

K. wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ †kLv
L. ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ †kLv
M. wkLv wRwbm Av‡iv †kLv
N. ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †kLv|

8. †Kvb bZzb wRwbm ‡kLvi ci hw` Abyiƒc Avi GKwU wRwbm wkwL Z‡e †h mgm¨vi
m„wó nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
K. c~e© wkLb cÖwZeÜZv
L. AbywkLb cÖwZeÜKZv
M. AwawkLb
N. cwic~iK wkLb|

wb‡R wb‡R Kiæb

1| wk¶vi †¶‡Î g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2| †kªwY‡Zwkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM e„w×i Rb¨ Avgiv Kx Ki‡Z cvwi, Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3| Avcbvi †kªwYi wkï‡`i g‡a¨ Kviv g‡bv‡hvMx I Kviv Ag‡bv‡hvMx Zv wba©viY K‡i
Zv‡`i ˆewkó¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb|

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.1

1. g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn ej‡Z wK eySvq?

2. g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖ‡ni g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. mvaviYZ †Kvb †Kvb wel‡qi Dci Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM wbf©ikxj?
4. Kx Kx Dcv‡q †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i g‡bv‡hvM evov‡bv hvq, wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ welqwU
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 128

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.2

1. g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kx Kx ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q, Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
2. g‡bv‡hvM‡K B”Qvg~jK cÖwµqv †Kb ejv nq? D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. †Kvb wKQy cvV Kivi mgq Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM wKiƒc ˆewkó¨ Aej¤^b K‡i?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.3

1. g‡bv‡hv‡Mi e¯‘wbô KviY ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb?

2. Kx Kx Dcv`vb gvby‡li g‡bv‡hvM‡K `ªæZ cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
3. †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM `ªæZ AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ Avcbviv Kx Kx Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| wb‡Riv wg‡j Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.4

1. g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kivi gZ KZ¸†jv e¨w³wbô Kvi‡Yi D`vniY w`b|

2. GB cv‡V g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †hme e¨w³wbô Kvi‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v
kw³kvjx †KvbwU? Avcbvi Dˇii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ w`b|
3. †kªwY‡Z wk¶Y cÖwµqv‡K AwaK Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡`i †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³wbô
Dcv`v‡bi Dci †Rvi w`‡Z cvwi Ges Kxfv‡e?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.5

1. †kªwY‡Z wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|

2. Kx Kx c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡j †kªwY‡Z wkïiv cv‡Vi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡e?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.6

1. ¯§„wZ Kv‡K e‡j? D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2. ¯§„wZi Kx Kx Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q? Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
3. ¯§„wZkw³ e„w×i Dcvq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 129

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.7

1. †Kvb cov ‡kLv I g‡b ivLvi Kx Kx Dcvq i‡q‡Q?

2. g‡b ivLvi †Kvb †KŠkj¸wj Avcwb †kªwY‡ZPP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
3. iwebm‡bi g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj eY©bv Kiæb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 5.8

1. we¯§„wZ Kv‡K e‡j D`vniYmn Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2. Kx Kx Kvi‡Y we¯§„wZ msNwUZ nq, Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
3. wk¶v_©xiv hv‡Z AwR©Z Ávb fz‡j bv hvq Zvi Rb¨ wb‡Riv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

DËigvjv: BDwbU 5

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

1| L; 2| K; 3| N; 4| K; 5| M; 6| K; 7| M; 8| L;

BDwbU- 5 c„ôv- 130