Citing AND

Documenting
Resources
Original Credit : Elmer E. Rasmuson
LibraryElmer E. Rasmuson Library
● CONTENTs :
○ WHAT IS IT ?
○ WHY Is It NEEDed ?
○ HOW TO DO?
○ SUPPORT TOOLs
 What IS IT ?

● Citing or documenting information sources is an

important part of the research process.
● Once your research paper is complete you may need
to create a Bibliography or List of Works Cited.
 What IS IT ?

● To cite a source means to give credit for the original

source of information, an idea, or way of articulating
an idea.
● It is a standardized method of acknowledging
resources used in your research.
 Below is an example of an in-text citation and it's
associated bibliography at the end of the article.

● In the screenshot,
the authors Allen,
Levintova, &
Mohatt are given
credit for the
meaning behind
the sentence
outlined in red.
● At the end of the
paper is a
bibliography,
where you can see
the complete
citation for the
2011 Allen,
Levintova, &
Mohatt article.
WHY IS IT
NEEDed ?
 Scholarly Document your
discourse research Ethics

Instructors are
Scholars cite their interested in knowing If you don't cite your
sources and provide which ideas stem from sources, you are not
lists of the sources to the student and which giving credit for the
give credit to the work ideas are built upon work of others. This is
of other researchers, those of other writers. called plagiarism and is
and so that colleagues Citing sources gives considered a serious
and others can locate your instructor a sense offense by all
the source. of how much work universities.
you've done on a paper
HOW TO DO
IT ?
different ways to cite sources using
different citation styles.

● Several standards have been

created by different academic
fields and publishers for
documenting sources;
● MLA, APA, Chicago.
● Check with your instructor if
you are unsure which citation
style is appropriate for your
research paper.
 MLA style

For books :

Book by One Author:

Mantel, Hilary. Wolf Hall. Picador, 2010.

Book by an Unknown Author:

Beowulf. Translated by Alan Sullivan and Timothy Murphy, edited by Sarah Anderson, Pearson, 2004.

An Edited Book:
Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., editor. Mexican Literature in Theory. Bloomsbury, 2018.
 MLA style
For Online Works :

Article on a website
Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic,
28 Dec. 2014, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/ the-death-of-the-artist-and-the-birth-of-
thecreative-entrepreneur/383497/.

Book on a website
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, edited by James
A. Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58. HathiTrust Digital Library,
hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924079574368.

Journal Article in a Database

Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.” The Georgia Review, vol. 64,
no. 1, spring 2010, pp. 69-88. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41403188.
 MLA style
For Movies, Videos, and Television Shows :

A Movie Viewed in Person

Opening Night. Directed by John Cassavetes, Faces Distribution, 1977.

A Movie Viewed Online

Richardson, Tony, director. Sanctuary. Screenplay by James Poe, Twentieth Century Fox, 1961. YouTube,
uploaded by LostCinemaChannel, 17 July 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMnzFM_Sq8s.

A Television Show Viewed on Physical Media

“Hush.” 1999. Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Fourth Season, created by Joss Whedon, episode 10,
Mutant Enemy / Twentieth Century Fox, 2003, disc 3. DVD.
 MLA style
For Images:

A Photograph Viewed in Person

Cameron, Julia Margaret. Alfred, Lord Tennyson. 1866, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York City.

A Painting Viewed Online

Bearden, Romare. The Train. 1975. MOMA,
www.moma.org/collection/works/65232?locale=en.

An Untitled Image from a Print Magazine

Karasik, Paul. Cartoon. The New Yorker, 14 Apr. 2008, p. 49.
 MLA style

How to cite ChatGPT

Reference

“Describe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald” prompt.
ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.
 MLA style

Source :

Modern Language Association. Ninth Edition of the MLA Handbook, Spring 2021, Citations by Format | MLA
Style Center
 APA style
For Journal Article :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Periodical,
volume(issue), #–#. https://doi.org/xxxx

Li, T., Sahu, A. K., Talwalkar, A., & Smith, V. (2020). Federated learning: Challenges,
methods, and future directions. IEEE signal processing magazine, 37(3), 50-60.
 APA style
For Journal Article :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year)

Invert names so that the last name comes first, followed by a comma and the initials. Leave
a space between initials. Retain the order of authors’ names.

Place the year in parentheses. End with a period.

 APA style
For Journal Article :

Title of the article. Name of the Periodical

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word. For a two-part title, capitalize the first word
of the second part of the title. Also capitalize proper nouns. Do not italicize. End with a
period.

Capitalize all major words in the periodical name. Follow with a comma. Italicize the
periodical name (but not the comma after).
 APA style
For Journal Article :

volume(issue)

Italicize the volume number. Do not put a space between the volume number and the
parentheses around the issue number.

Do not italicize the issue number or parentheses. Follow the parentheses with a comma. No
issue number? That’s okay. Follow the volume number with a comma.
 APA style
For Journal Article :

#–#. https://doi.org/xxxx

Include the article page range. Use an en dash; do not put spaces around the en dash. End
with a period.

Does the article have a DOI? Include a DOI for all works that have one. Do not put a period
after the DOI
 APA style
For Book :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher.
DOI or URL

Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY: My
Publisher
 APA style
For Book :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year).

Invert names so that the last name comes first, followed by a comma and the initials.
Leave a space between initials. Retain the order of authors’ names.

Place the copyright year in parentheses. End with a period.

 APA style
For Book :
Title of the book (7th ed.).

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word. For a two-part title, capitalize the first
word of the second part of the title. Also capitalize proper nouns. Italicize the title.
End with a period.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in
parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and
volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the
parenthetical information
 APA style
For Book :
Publisher. DOI or URL

Include the name of the publisher, followed by a period. Do not include the publisher
location. Are there multiple publishers? If so, separate them with a semicolon.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or
database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for
ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL
 APA style
For Chapter in an Edited Book :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B.
B. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book(2nd ed., pp. #–#). Publisher. DOI or URL

Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed.,
pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers
 APA style
For Chapter in an Edited Book :

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year).

Invert names so that the last name comes first, followed by a comma and the initials. Leave
a space between initials. Retain the order of authors’ names.

Place the copyright year in parentheses. End with a period.

 APA style
For Chapter in an Edited Book :
Title of the book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.),

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word. For a two-part title, capitalize the first word
of the second part of the title. Also capitalize proper nouns. Do not italicize. End with a
period.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)”
for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.
For Chapter in an Edited Book : APA style
Title of the book(2nd ed., pp. #–#).

Provide the title of the book in which the chapter appears. Capitalize only
the first letter of the first word. For a two-part title, capitalize the first word
of the second part of the title. Also capitalize proper nouns. Italicize the
book title.

Include the chapter page range. End with a period. Does the book have an edition or
volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses before the page range. If both,
show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma, before the page range. Do
not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.
 APA style
For Chapter in an Edited Book :
Publisher. DOI or URL

Include the name of the publisher followed by a period. Do not include the publisher
location. If there are multiple publishers, separate them with a semicolon.

Does the book have a DOI or URL? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or
database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for
ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL
 APA style
How to cite ChatGPT

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text
indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the
functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental
factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Reference

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Source : McAdoo,Timothy(2023) .”How to cite ChatGPT”. APA Style Blog

https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt.
 APA style

Source :
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)

The author-date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system,
sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year
of publication.
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)

Book :
Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)

- Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life.
New York: Simon & Schuster.

- Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.

- Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Place of publication:
Publisher.
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)

Chapter or other part of an edited book :

- Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited
by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)
Journal article :

- LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38
(1): 95–109. Project MUSE.

- Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111, no. 2
(April): 165–76.

- Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume
number: Page range.
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)

Chapter or other part of an edited book :

- Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited
by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.

- D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf
Press.
 CHICAGO style (author-date system)

CHATGPT :

- Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, March 7, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat.

- ChatGPT, response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household
ingredients,” OpenAI, March 7, 2023.
 IEEE style
- IEEE in-text referencing uses the author's surname and the reference number in
square brackets for integral citations, and the reference number in square brackets
for non-integral citations. Include a page number (or paragraph number for online
sources) in the reference list for direct quotations. The reference list is in numerical
order.
- Sample text with in-text referencing and reference list:

Until recently, development in the textile and clothing industry has focused on "technological and
cost aspects" [1]. According to Chen and Burns [2], emphasis has been placed on keeping the price of
the "final product low and increasing efficiency in production". Tukker et al. [3] further point out
that designers, manufacturers and retailers have paid less attention to other factors such as
ownership and related business models, as well as consumer wishes and values. Hence, the products
are designed and produced according to regularly changing trends that enable a quick profit [4],
rather than radically rethinking the ways of designing and manufacturing the offering that is based
on consumer needs and sustainability as proposed by Park and Tahara [5].
IEEE style
 IEEE style
For Journal Article :
 IEEE style
For Book:
 IEEE style
For Internet source:
 IEEE Style

CHATGPT :

- When prompted with “(your question)?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that
“(ChatGPT’s text)” [34].

- [34] OpenAI, 2023. ChatGPT (Mar. 14 version) [Large language model]. [online].
Available: https://chat.openai.com/chat [Accessed Mar. 14, 2023].
 IEEE style

Source :
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, IEEE Referencing Guide, 2024. [Online]. Available:
https://www.polyu.edu.hk/elc/independent-learning/language-resources/ieee/ [Accessed
Nov. 28, 2024].
 different ways to cite sources using
different citation styles.

● Citation style guides

(https://library.uaf.edu/citation-styles)
● Provide the correct format to use for creating your
Bibliography or List of Works Cited. Additional
information pertaining to every aspect of the
research process is also discussed at length.
 different ways to cite sources using
different citation styles.
● No matter which citation style you select, the basic bibliographic
citation information required is the same. Be sure to collect this
information as your research progresses.
a. For books: author, title, place of publication, publisher, and
publication year.
b. For articles: author, title of article, title of journal, volume,
issue, date, page numbers, and doi or permalink.
c. For web page resources: author, title of page, Web address or
URL, and date of access.
Support
Tools
 Mendeley Zotero

Mendeley is a comprehensive reference Zotero is a powerful reference manager with

management tool with features like PDF web browser integration, enabling easy
annotation and collaboration for efficient reference import, organization, and citation.
organization and citation.

zoterobib Citation
Generator

A free tools support APA, MLA and Chicago

Enter a URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID or title to create
a single citation

Websites :
- Mendeley - Reference Management Software
- Zotero | Your personal research assistant
- ZoteroBib: Fast, free bibliography generator - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard citations (zbib.org)
- Online Editor – Citation Generator
 Citation
EndNote
Machine

Has free subscription version, but free has ads EndNote is a robust reference management
tool with advanced features, including PDF
annotation and seamless integration with
word processors for citation.

Websites :
- Citation Machine®: Format & Generate - APA, MLA, & Chicago
- EndNote | The Best Citation & Reference Management Tool
THANKS
Does anyone have any questions?

Original Credit : Elmer E. Rasmuson

LibraryElmer E. Rasmuson Library

Website :
Citing/Documenting Resources - Instruction - Guides at University of Alaska
Fairbanks (uaf.edu)