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Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Bollywood film, see Haryana (film).
Haryana
State
State of Haryana
From top, left to right: Cyber City in Gurgaon, Pinjore Gardens, bronze chariot of
Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, Asigarh Fort, Rohtak Stadium, Lake in Surajkund,
Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex.
Official emblem of Haryana
Emblem of Haryana
Etymology: Abode of God or Green Forest
Motto(s): Satyameva Jayate
Truth alone triumphs
The map of India showing Haryana
Location of Haryana in India
Coordinates: 30°44′N 76°47′E
Country India
Region North India

Before was Part of Punjab

Formation 1 November 1966
Capital Chandigarh
Largest city Faridabad
Districts 22 (6 divisions)
Government
• Body Government of Haryana
• Governor Bandaru Dattatreya
• Chief minister Nayab Singh Saini[1] (BJP)
State Legislature Unicameral
• Assembly Haryana Legislative Assembly (90 seats)
National Parliament Parliament of India
• Rajya Sabha 5 seats
• Lok Sabha 10 seats
High Court Punjab and Haryana High Court
Area[2]
• Total
44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi)
• Rank 21st
Elevation
200 m (700 ft)
Highest elevation (Karoh Peak)
1,499 m (4,918 ft)
Lowest elevation
169 m (554 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total
Neutral increase 25,351,462
• Rank 18th
• Density 573/km2 (1,480/sq mi)
• Urban
34.88%
• Rural
65.12%
Demonym Haryanvi
Language
• Official Hindi[3]
• Additional official

EnglishPunjabi[4]

• Official script

DevanagariGurmukhi

GDP[5]
• Total (2023–24) Increase₹12.25 trillion (US$150 billion)
• Rank 13th
• Per capita Increase₹325,759 (US$3,900) (6th)
Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code IN-HR
Vehicle registration HR
HDI (2019) Increase 0.708 High[6] (12th)
Literacy (2011) Increase 75.55% (22nd)
Sex ratio (2021) 926♀/1000 ♂[7] (29th)
Website haryana.gov.in
Symbols of Haryana
Emblem of Haryana
Foundation day Haryana Day
Bird Black francolin
Flower Lotus
Mammal Blackbuck
Tree Bodhi tree
State highway mark
State highway of Haryana
HR SH1 – HR SH33
List of Indian state symbols
^† Joint Capital with Punjab
†† Common for Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.

Haryana (/hʌriˈɑːnə/; Hindi: [ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː]; ISO: Hariyāṇā) is an Indian state

located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out after the linguistic
reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of area,
with less than 1.4% (44,212 km2 or 17,070 sq mi) of India's land area.[2][8] The
state capital is Chandigarh, which it shares with the neighbouring state of Punjab;
the most populous city is Faridabad, a part of the National Capital Region. The
city of Gurgaon is among India's largest financial and technology hubs.[9] Haryana
has 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils,
50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 7,356
villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats.[8][10]

Haryana contains 32 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within the
industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region.[8][11] Gurgaon
is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India.
[12][13] Haryana ranks 11th among Indian states in human development index.[6] The
economy of Haryana is the 13th largest in India, with a gross state domestic
product (GSDP) of ₹7.65 trillion (US$92 billion) and has the country's 5th-highest
GSDP per capita of ₹240,000 (US$2,900).[5]

The state is rich in history, monuments, heritage, flora and fauna and tourism,
with a well-developed economy, national highways and state roads. It is bordered by
Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, by Rajasthan to the west and south, while
river Yamuna forms its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. Haryana surrounds the
country's capital territory of Delhi on three sides (north, west and south),
consequently, a large area of Haryana state is included in the economically
important National Capital Region of India for the purposes of planning and
development.
Etymology

Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because
in the post-Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras live here,[14] who developed special
skills in the art of agriculture.[15] According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana
evolved as a word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path, way") to Ahirāyana
to Hariyānā (Haryana).[16]
History
Main articles: History of Haryana, National monuments in Haryana, and State
monuments in Haryana
Ancient period
Main articles: Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Civilization
A skeleton from an Indus Valley civilisation site near Rakhigarhi.[17] The skeleton
is on display in the National Museum.
Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra, which is a war described in
the Indian epic poem Mahābhārata. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession
struggle between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and Pandavas, for the throne
of Hastinapura in an Indian kingdom called Kuru.

The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are
home to ancient sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, which contain evidence of
paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system,
terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze
and precious metals).[17]

During the Vedic era, Haryana was the site of the Kuru Kingdom, one of India's
great Mahajanapadas. The south of Haryana is the claimed location of Manu's state
of Brahmavarta.[18][better source needed] The area surrounding Dhosi Hill, and
districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had Ashrams of several Rishis who made
valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like Vedas, Upanishads,
Manusmriti, Brahmanas and Puranas.[19] As per Manusmriti,[20] Manu was the king of
Brahmavarta, the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of
Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day
Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed.
Medieval period

Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological
expeditions in Badli, Bhiwani (Ranila, Charkhi Dadri and Badhra), Dadri, Gurgaon
(Gurugram), Hansi, Hisar, Kasan, Nahad, Narnaul, Pehowa, Rewari, Rohad, Rohtak
(Asthal Bohar) and Sonepat in Haryana.[21]
Harsha Ka Tila mound west of Sheikh Chilli's Tomb complex, with ruins from the
reign of 7th-century ruler Harsha.

Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its
capital at Thanesar. Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty
ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal Tomar was a prominent
king among the Tomaras.[22]

After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Timur
attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Sunam, Kaithal and Panipat.
When he reached the town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents fled and were chased by
a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by
the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large
number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The Ahirs resisted him at
Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken
prisoners while the town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to Tohana,
whose Jat inhabitants were robbers according to Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi. They tried
to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 Jats,
while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing
Jats and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and
their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred
and plundered, destroying all villages along the way. On the next day, he came to
Assandh, whose residents were "fire-worshippers" according to Yazdi, and had fled
to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and Salwan before
reaching Panipat whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to Loni fort.
[23][24]
Portrait of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, who fought and won across North India from
the Punjab to Bengal, winning 22 straight battles.[25]

Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, claimed royal status and the throne of
Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in the Battle of
Delhi, and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya. The area that is now Haryana
has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. Panipat is known for three
seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Battle of Panipat (1526),
Babur defeated the Lodis. In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated
the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari. Hem Chandra
Vikramaditya had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab
to Bengal, defeating the Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces
twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of
India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the
Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the
Marathas.[26]
British Period

The state was part of the British Punjab province. The Delhi division of Punjab
province formed the bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in
the state were Jind, Kalsia, Loharu, Dujana and Pataudi, as well as parts of the
Patiala State.
Partition and aftermath
During the Partition of India, the Punjab province was one of two British Indian
provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana,
along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of
India as East Punjab state. As a result, a significant number of Muslims left for
the newly formed country of Pakistan. Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh
refugees poured into the state from West Punjab. Gopi Chand Bhargava, who hailed
from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab.
Formation of Haryana
Main article: Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966

Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation
Act (1966). The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship
of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and
determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the
languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking
southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area
where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its
report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then-districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon,
Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the
tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh, Ambala
and Jagadhri – were to be included.[27]

The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar, which includes Chandigarh,
the state capital of Punjab, should be a part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given
to Punjab.[28] The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory, serving as the
capital of both Punjab and Haryana.[29]

Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana.[30] Chaudhary Devi
Lal is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this
commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state
from Punjab in 1966.[31]
Demographics
Historical populationYear Pop. ±% p.a.
1881 4,015,386 —
1891 4,171,339 +0.38%
1901 4,268,222 +0.23%
1911 3,870,574 −0.97%
1921 4,211,393 +0.85%
1931 4,495,730 +0.66%
1941 5,166,169 +1.40%
1951 5,673,597 +0.94%
1961 7,590,524 +2.95%
1971 10,036,431 +2.83%
1981 12,922,119 +2.56%
1991 16,463,648 +2.45%
2001 21,144,564 +2.53%
2011 25,351,462 +1.83%
source: [a][b][c][d][e][f][g][32]
See also: List of people from Haryana
Map of the Punjab Province of British India; Haryana formed the southeastern areas
of the province
Castes and tribes

As per 2019 estimates, the caste wise composition of Haryana is 25-27% Jats, 21%
Scheduled Caste, 8% Punjabis, 7.5% Brahmins, 5.1% Ahir/Yadav, 5% Vaish, 4% Jat
Sikhs, 3.8% Meos and other Muslims, 3.4% Rajputs, 3.4% Gujjar, 2.9% Saini, 2.7%
Kumhars, 1.1% Ror and 0.7% Bishnois.[33][34]
Languages
Languages of Haryana (2011)[35]
Hindi (47.96%)
Haryanvi (37.17%)
Punjabi (7.36%)
Bagri (2.11%)
Mewati (1.66%)
Urdu (1.48%)
Baghati (1.28%)

The official language of Haryana is Hindi.[36] Several regional languages or

dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in the state. Predominant among
them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central
and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast,
Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati, Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the
south.[37]

There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi, the latter of
which was recognised as the second official language of Haryana for government and
administrative purposes in 2010.[36][4] After the state's formation, Telugu was
made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the
"second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students,
the language ultimately stopped being taught.[38] Tamil was made the second
language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show the state's differences with Punjab although
there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time.[39] In 2010, due to the lack
of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status.[39]

There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring
states or other parts of the subcontinent, like Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marwari, Mewari,
and Nepali,[40] as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are
dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria, Bazigar, Gujari, Gade Lohar, Oadki,
and Sansi.[41]
Religion

Religion in Haryana (2011)[42]

Hinduism (87.46%)
Islam (7.03%)
Sikhism (4.91%)
Jainism (0.21%)
Christianity (0.20%)
Buddhism (0.03%)
Others (0.18%)

According to the 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana,

Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims
(7.03%) (mainly Meos) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities.[42]

Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district. Haryana has the second largest Sikh
population in India after Punjab, and they mostly live in the districts adjoining
Punjab, such as Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Ambala and Panchkula.
[43][44]
Religion in Haryana, India (1881–2011) Religious
group 1881[45][46][47][a] 1891[48][49][50][b] 1901[51]: 34 [c]
1911[52]: 27 [53]: 27 [d] 1921[54]: 29 [e] 1931[55]: 277 [f] 1941[56]: 42 [g]
2011[42]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Pop. %
Hinduism [h] 2,863,454 71.31% 2,959,925 70.96% 3,012,101 70.57%
2,644,264 68.32% 2,898,119 68.82% 2,980,206 66.29%
 3,436,411 66.52% 22,171,128 87.46%
Islam 1,009,526 25.14% 1,037,541 24.87% 1,090,306 25.54%
1,019,439 26.34% 1,074,072 25.5% 1,204,537 26.79%
1,401,689 27.13% 1,781,342 7.03%
Sikhism 118,468 2.95% 146,483 3.51% 135,634 3.18%
175,837 4.54% 193,075 4.58% 271,077 6.03%
292,487 5.66% 1,243,752 4.91%
Jainism 19,885 0.5% 21,575 0.52% 23,906 0.56% 20,950
0.54% 24,005 0.57% 23,666 0.53% 23,050 0.45%
52,613 0.21%
Christianity 4,045 0.1% 5,783 0.14% 6,232 0.15%
10,019 0.26% 22,075 0.52% 16,228 0.36% 11,549
0.22% 50,353 0.2%
Zoroastrianism 6 0.0001% 25 0.001% 27 0.001% 53 0.001%
39 0.001% 8 0.0002% 62 0.001% — —
Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 4 0.0001% 5 0.0001%
6 0.0001% 149 0.003% 7,514 0.03%
Judaism — — 6 0.0001% 5 0.0001% 8 0.0002% 2
0% 2 0% 7 0.0001% — —
Others 2 0% 1 0% 11 0.0003% 0 0% 1 0% 0
0% 765 0.01% 44,760 0.18%
Total Population 4,015,386 100% 4,171,339 100% 4,268,222 100% 3,870,574
100% 4,211,393 100% 4,495,730 100% 5,166,169 100% 25,351,462 100%
Culture
Music
Main article: Music of Haryana

Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music, folk dances, saang (folk
theatre),[57] cinema,[58] belief system such as Jathera (ancestral worship),[59]
[60] and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery.[60]
Folk dances

Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying the cultural needs of
primarily agrarian and martial natures of Haryanavi tribes.[61]

Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang, Raslila and Ragini. The Saang
and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by Lakhmi Chand.[61]

Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular
categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational.
The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji/Gugga, Holi, Phaag, Sawan, Teej.
The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya, Holi, Manjira, Ras Leela, Raginis).
The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary
bravery (Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance
(Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini), ceremonial (Dhamal Dance, Ghoomar,
Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and Ragini).[59]
Folk music and songs

Haryanvi folk music is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour
enlivens the feel of the songs.[59] Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical
folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana),[62] and sung in the
form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the
parting of lovers.[61][62][63]
Classical Haryanvi folk music

Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music.[62] Hindustani

classical ragas, learnt in gharana parampara of guru–shishya tradition, are used to
sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about the bravery
of Alha and Udal, Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II), Brahmas worship and
festive seasonal songs (such as Teej, Holi and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near
Holi).[62][63] Bravery songs are sung in high pitch.[61]
Desi Haryanvi folk music

Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi, Raag
Bhairav, Raag Kafi, Raag Jaijaivanti, Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for
celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads, ceremonial songs
(wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat.[62][63]
Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch.
Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch.[61] Young girls and women
usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-
related songs such as Phagan (song for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for
the eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-
bandi (male-female duet songs), sathne (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among
female friends).[61] Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious
songs) and ceremonial songs such as Bhajan, Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of
bride or groom by her brother), Sagai, Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding
festivities starts), Kuan-Poojan (a custom that is performed to welcome the birth
of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi
festival.[61]
Socially normative-cohesive impact

Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as
folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events,
ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-
caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and
they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects.
These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style
can be seen in the adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs.
Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct
style of their own as explained above.[61]

With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the

emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in
public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated
with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand the
testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk.[64]
Cuisine
See also: Cuisine of Haryana

As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian.
[65] The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has
maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence.[66] The regional cuisine features
the staples of roti, saag, vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee, milk,
lassi and kheer.[67] Haryana is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its
residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along
with the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend
of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination.
Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour.[68]
Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including the famed Murrah buffalo
and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and
dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own butter and
ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter,
known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily basis. When a girl
becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee,
edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram flour), and dry fruits.
Buttermilk, known as "chaaj," is a popular beverage and serves as an instant
refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is another beloved
drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi
is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is referred to as
"kachi lassi" in Haryana.[66]
Society

Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or
communities. Castes such as Jat, Rajput, Gurjar, Saini, Pasi, Ahirs, Ror, Meo,
Charan, Bishnoi, Harijan, Aggarwal, Brahmin, Khatri and Tyagi are some of the
notable of these 36 Jātis.[69][70]
Geography
A mustard field in Haryana, near the state capital of Chandigarh

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N

latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.[71] The total geographical area
of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country.
[72] The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200
metres) above sea level.[73] Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%)
area under forests.[8] Karoh Peak, a 1,467-metre (4,813 ft) tall mountain peak in
the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills
area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana.[74][75][76][77] Most
of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain, a subsection of the Indo-Gangetic
Plain. Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh.
Plains and mountains

Haryana has four main geographical features.[78]

The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state is also called
Delhi doab consists of Sutlej-Ghaggar doab (between Sutlej in the north of Punjab
and the Ghaggar river flowing through northern Haryana), Ghaggar-Hakra doab
(between Ghaggar river and Hakra or Drishadvati river which is the paleochannel of
the holy Saraswati River) and Hakra-Yamuna doab (between Hakra river and Yamuna).
The Lower Shivalik Hills to the northeast in foothills of Himalaya
The Bagar region semi-desert dry sandy plain in north west of Haryana, covering
northwest districts of Sirsa, western Fatehabad and northwestern Hisar.
The Aravali Range's northernmost low rise isolated non-continuous outcrops in
the south, covering the Nuh district.

Hydrography
Yamuna river near the Haryana Border

The Yamuna, a tributary of the Ganges, flows along the state's eastern boundary.
[79]

Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the
Sivalik Hills of Himalayas, such as Ghaggar (palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati
river),[80] Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river, tributary of the
Ghagghar),[81][82] Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar),[81][82] Kaushalya
river (tributary of the Ghagghar),[83] Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar),[81]
[82] Sarsuti,[81][82] Dangri,[81][82] Somb river.[84] Haryana's main seasonal
river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra
downstream of the barrage,[80] rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and
the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district, passes
through Ambala and Sirsa, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for 460 km (290
mi) before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.[85] The seasonal Markanda
River, known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik
Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala, and swells into a raging torrent during
monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the
Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.[85]
Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets
originating from the Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region,
including Sahibi River[86][87][88][89] (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi),[90][91]
[92][93][94] Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near
Neem Ka Thana in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in
Mahendragarh district),[87][89] Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi
river, originates near Dariba and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before
reaching Sahibi river)[87][89] and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River,
originates in Sikar district of Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana),
these once were tributaries of the Drishadwati/Saraswati river.[95][96][97]
Kaushalya Dam

Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal,[98][99][100] Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from
Sutlej river tributary of Indus),[99][100] and Indira Gandhi Canal.[101]

Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district,[102] Hathnikund Barrage[98]

[103] and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district,[98][103][104]
Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district,[98][104] ancient Anagpur
Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district,[105][106] and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-
Hakra River in Sirsa district.[107][108][109]

Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland, Badkhal Lake in Faridabad,[110][111]
holy Brahma Sarovar[112][113] and Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra,[114] Blue Bird
Lake in Hisar,[115][116] Damdama Lake at Sohna,[117][118] Hathni Kund in
Yamunanagar district,[98][103] Karna Lake at Karnal,[119] ancient Surajkund in
Faridabad,[105][120][121] and Tilyar Lake in Rohtak.[122][123][124]

The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board is responsible for the rejuvenation of
14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region falling
within the Haryana state.[125][126]

The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon
district.[127][128] Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of religious
significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur, such as Pandu
Teerth Kund, Surya Kund, Kukkar Kund, Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund.[129]

Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills, Dhosi Hill in
Mahendragarh district and Pali village on the outskirts of Faridabad.
Climate

Haryana is hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. The hottest
months are May and June and the coldest are December and January.[95] The climate
is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm.[130] Around 29% of
rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the
monsoon, and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to
February as a result of the western disturbance.[72]
Climate data for Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.0
(82.4) 33.5
(92.3) 39.5
(103.1) 44.8
(112.6) 49.0
(120.2) 47.5
(117.5) 45.0
(113.0) 41.0
(105.8) 41.2
(106.2) 39.3
(102.7) 38.4
(101.1) 32.5
(90.5) 49.0
(120.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 20.1
(68.2) 23.8
(74.8) 29.9
(85.8) 36.9
(98.4) 40.9
(105.6) 39.3
(102.7) 35.9
(96.6) 33.9
(93.0) 33.4
(92.1) 32.0
(89.6) 27.8
(82.0) 22.5
(72.5) 31.2
(88.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 9.5
(49.1) 14.0
(57.2) 19.6
(67.3) 24.6
(76.3) 26.7
(80.1) 26.7
(80.1) 25.8
(78.4) 24.4
(75.9) 18.0
(64.4) 12.0
(53.6) 7.5
(45.5) 17.7
(63.9)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0) 0.7
(33.3) 3.7
(38.7) 9.2
(48.6) 14.8
(58.6) 12.0
(53.6) 21.0
(69.8) 15.5
(59.9) 13.9
(57.0) 9.3
(48.7) 2.6
(36.7) −0.4
(31.3) −0.4
(31.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 13.5
(0.53) 16.9
(0.67) 3.4
(0.13) 8.2
(0.32) 22.7
(0.89) 79.2
(3.12) 135.5
(5.33) 211.4
(8.32) 120.2
(4.73) 15.9
(0.63) 10.7
(0.42) 11.0
(0.43) 648.6
(25.54)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.7 4.3 7.6 8.5 5.5 1.3
1.0 0.8 34.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 54 45 37 28 31 40
63 69 59 45 47 55 48
Source: India Meteorological Department[131][132]
Climate data for Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2) 33.2
(91.8) 37.5
(99.5) 45.2
(113.4) 46.0
(114.8) 45.6
(114.1) 43.9
(111.0) 42.0
(107.6) 38.3
(100.9) 39.3
(102.7) 34.4
(93.9) 28.5
(83.3) 46.0
(114.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.2
(64.8) 22.2
(72.0) 27.7
(81.9) 35.5
(95.9) 38.6
(101.5) 37.6
(99.7) 33.8
(92.8) 32.6
(90.7) 32.3
(90.1) 31.8
(89.2) 27.3
(81.1) 21.5
(70.7) 30.0
(86.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 8.9
(48.0) 12.9
(55.2) 18.3
(64.9) 23.1
(73.6) 25.4
(77.7) 26.0
(78.8) 25.3
(77.5) 23.2
(73.8) 17.3
(63.1) 11.5
(52.7) 7.4
(45.3) 17.2
(63.0)
Record low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 0.6
(33.1) 3.5
(38.3) 9.0
(48.2) 14.5
(58.1) 18.0
(64.4) 16.0
(60.8) 18.4
(65.1) 16.0
(60.8) 9.4
(48.9) 3.0
(37.4) −0.4
(31.3) −0.4
(31.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 32.5
(1.28) 28.9
(1.14) 21.1
(0.83) 13.3
(0.52) 27.6
(1.09) 98.4
(3.87) 172.8
(6.80) 160.4
(6.31) 128.4
(5.06) 4.3
(0.17) 2.0
(0.08) 6.0
(0.24) 695.4
(27.38)
Average rainy days 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.7 5.1 7.8 8.0 5.0 0.3
0.2 0.6 35.4
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 64 58 51 31 33 44
67 73 68 54 53 60 55
Source: India Meteorological Department[131]

[132]
Flora and fauna
State symbols of Haryana Formation day 1 November (Day of
separation from Punjab)
State mammal Black buck[133]
State bird Black francolin
State tree Peepal[133]
State flower Lotus[133]
Forests

Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km2) and the Tree Cover in the
state was 2.90% (1282 km2), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.[134] In
2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million
seedlings.[8] Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over
the state. During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry,
eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The
species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther,
fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here.
[135][136][137]
Wildlife
Watercock
See also: List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India

Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife
conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three
zoos, all of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government
of Haryana.[138][139] Sultanpur National Park is a notable Park located in Gurgaon
District
Environmental and ecological issues
See also: Air pollution in India

Haryana Environment Protection Council is the advisory committee and the Department
of Environment, Haryana is the department responsible for the administration of the
environment. Areas of Haryana surrounding Delhi NCR are the most polluted. During
the smog of November 2017, the air quality index of Gurgaon and Faridabad showed
that the density of fine particulates (2.5 μm diameter) was an average a score of
400 and the monthly average of Haryana was 60. Other sources of pollution are
exhaust gases from old vehicles, stone crushers and brick kilns. Haryana has 7.5
million vehicles, of which 40% are old, more polluting vehicles, and 500,000 new
vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are Bhiwani,
Bahadurgarh, Dharuhera, Hisar and Yamunanagar.[140]
Administration
Main article: Administrative divisions of Haryana
Divisions
Ten Lok Sabha constituencies in Haryana
See also: List of cities in Haryana by population

The state is divided into 6 revenue divisions, 5 Police Ranges and 4 Police
Commissionerates (c. January 2017).[141][142][143][144] Six revenue divisions are:
Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hisar, Karnal and Faridabad.[141] Haryana has 11 municipal
corporations (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, Rohtak, Hisar,
Panipat, Karnal, Sonipat, and Manesar[145]), 18 municipal councils and 52
municipalities.[146]

Within these, there are 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils,

140 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848 villages, 6,226 villages panchayats and
numerous smaller dhanis.[10]
Districts
Main article: List of districts of Haryana
Divisions Districts
Ambala Ambala, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Yamuna Nagar
Faridabad Faridabad, Palwal, Nuh
Gurgaon Gurgaon, Mahendragarh, Rewari,
Hisar Fatehabad, Jind, Hisar, Sirsa,
Rohtak Jhajjar, Charkhi Dadri, Rohtak, Sonipat, Bhiwani[78]
Karnal Karnal, Panipat, Kaithal
Law and order

The Haryana Police force is the law enforcement agency of Haryana. Five Police
Ranges are Ambala, Hissar, Karnal, Rewari and Rohtak.[147] Four Police
Commissionerates are Faridabad, Gurgaon, Panchkula and Sonipat.[141] Cybercrime
investigation cell is based in Gurgaon's Sector 51.[148]

The highest judicial authority in the state is the Punjab and Haryana High Court,
with the next higher right of appeal being to the Supreme Court of India. Haryana
uses an e-filing facility.[149]
Governance and e-governance
See also: CMs, Assembly, Assembly constituencies, Lok Sabha constituencies, and
Political dynasties

The Common Service Centres (CSCs) have been upgraded in all districts to offer
hundreds of e-services to citizens, including applications for new water and
sanitation connections, electricity bill collection, ration card member
registration, the result of HBSE, admit cards for board examinations, online
admission forms for government colleges, long route booking of buses, admission
forms for Kurukshetra University and HUDA plots status inquiry.[150] Haryana has
become the first state to implement Aadhaar-enabled birth registration in all the
districts.[150] Thousands of all traditional offline state and central government
services are also available 24/7 online through single unified UMANG app and portal
as part of Digital India initiative.[151][152]
Economy
A Shopping Mall in Gurgaon
Main articles: Economy of Haryana, SEZs in Haryana, HSIDC estates, Companies in
Gurugram, and Tourism in Haryana

Haryana's 14th placed 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR[11] estimated a 2017-18 GSDP of US$95
billion[8] split into 52% services, 30% industries and 18% agriculture.[8]

The services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and
professional services, 26% trade and hospitality, 15% state and central government
employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing.[8] In IT services,
Gurgaon ranks first in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure,
and second in startup ecosystem, innovation and livability (Nov 2016).[153]

The industrial sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2%

utilities and 1% mining.[8] In industrial manufacturing, Haryana produces 67% of
passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators in
India.[8]

The service and industrial sectors are boosted by 7 operational SEZs and an
additional 23 formally approved SEZs (20 already notified and 3 approved in-
principle) that are mostly spread along the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor,
Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor and Western Peripheral Expressway.[8]

The agricultural sector is split across 93% crops and livestock, 4% commercial
forestry and logging, and 2% fisheries.[8] Although Haryana has less than 1.4% of
the total area of India, it contributes 15% of food grains to the central food
security public distribution system,[8] and makes up 7% of total national
agricultural exports, including 60% of total national basmati rice exports.[8]
Agriculture
Crops
Green farms in Haryana

Haryana is traditionally an agrarian society of zamindars (owner-cultivator

farmers). About 70% of Haryana's residents are engaged in agriculture.[154] The
Green Revolution in Haryana of the 1960s[155] combined with the completion of
Bhakra Dam in 1963[156] and Western Yamuna Command Network canal system in 1970s
resulted in the significantly increased food grain production.[155] This movement
lead to large-scale investments towards improving irrigation systems, enhancing the
quality of fertilizers, and investing in superior seeds.[157] As a result, Haryana
is self sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's
central pool of food grains[158] In 2015–2016, Haryana produced the following
principal crops: 13,352,000 tonnes of wheat, 4,145,000 tonnes of rice, 7,169,000
tonnes of sugarcane, 993,000 tonnes of cotton and 855,000 tonnes of oilseeds
(mustard seed, sunflower, etc.). In the northeastern area, dairy cattle, buffaloes,
and bullocks play a prominent role, being utilised both for agricultural ploughing
and as draft animals.[159]
Fruits, vegetables and spices

Vegetable production was: potato 853,806 tonnes, onion 705,795 tonnes, tomato
675,384 tonnes, cauliflower 578,953 tonnes, leafy vegetables 370,646 tonnes,
brinjal 331,169 tonnes, guard 307,793 tonnes, peas 111,081 tonnes and others
269,993 tonnes.[8]

Fruits production was: citrus 301,764 tonnes, guava 152,184 tonnes, mango 89,965
tonnes, chikoo 16,022 tonnes, aonla 12,056 tonnes and other fruits 25,848 tonnes.
[8]

Spices production was: garlic 40,497 tonnes, fenugreek 9,348 tonnes, ginger 4,304
tonnes and others 840 tonnes.[8]
Flowers and medicinal plants
Cut flowers production was: marigold 61,830 tonnes, gladiolus 2,448,620 million,
rose 1,861,160 million and other 691,300 million.[8]

Medicinal plants production was: aloe vera 1403 tonnes and stevia 13 tonnes.[8]
Livestock
See also: Dairying in Haryana

Haryana is well known for its high-yield Murrah buffalo.[160][161][162][163] Other

breeds of cattle native to Haryana are Haryanvi, Mewati, Sahiwal and Nili-Ravi.
[164]
Research
See also: Research institutes in Haryana

To support its agrarian economy, both the central government (Central Institute for
Research on Buffaloes, Central Sheep Breeding Farm, National Research Centre on
Equines, Central Institute of Fisheries, National Dairy Research Institute,
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research
and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources) and the state government (CCS HAU,
LUVAS, Government Livestock Farm, Regional Fodder Station and Northern Region Farm
Machinery Training and Testing Institute) have opened several institutes for
research and education.[165][166][167]
Industrial sector
Manufacturing
See also: Automotive industry in Haryana
Larsen & Toubro Office at Faridabad.
The headquarters of DLF Limited, India's largest real estate company, in Gurgaon,
Haryana.

Faridabad is one of the biggest industrial cities of Haryana as well as North

India.[168] The city is home to large-scale MNC companies like India Yamaha Motor
Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited,[169] JCB India Limited, Escorts Group, Indian Oil
(R&D),[170] and Larsen & Toubro (L&T).[171] Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and
healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad.[172][173]
Hissar, an NCR Counter Magnet city known as a steel and cotton spinning hub as
well as an upcoming integrated industrial aerocity and aero MRO hub at Hisar
Airport,[174][175][176] is a fast-developing city and the hometown of Navin Jindal
and Subhash Chandra of Zee TV fame. Savitri Jindal, Navin Jindal's mother, has been
listed by Forbes as the third richest woman in the world.[177]
Panipat has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil
Corporation, a urea manufacturing plant operated by National Fertilizers Limited
and a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant. It is known for its woven
modhas or round stools.[178]
Sonipat: IMT Kundli, Nathupur, Rai and Barhi are industrial areas with several
small and medium-sized enterprises, and also large ones such as Atlas cycles,
E.C.E., Birla factory, and OSRAM[179][180][181]
Gurgaon: IMT Manesar, Dundahera and Sohna are industrial and logistics hubs,
[182][183][184] and also has the National Security Guards, the Indian Institute of
Corporate Affairs, the National Brain Research Centre and the National Bomb Data
Centre.[185]

Utilities

Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity
infrastructure, as it is one of the most important drivers of development for the
state. Haryana was the first state in the country to achieve 100% rural
electrification in 1970 as well as the first in the country to link all villages
with all-weather roads and provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the
state.[186][better source needed]
Sources of power in the state include:

Renewable and non-polluting sources

Hydroelectricity
Bhakra-Nangal Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant
WYC Hydro Electric Station, 62.4 MW, Yamunanagar[187]
Solar power stations
Faridabad Solar Power Plant: being set up by HPGCL Faridabad (c.2016).
[188]
Nuclear power stations
Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant, 2800MW, Fatehabad, Phase-I 1400MW by
2021[189][190]
Coal-fired thermal power stations
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station, 600MW, Yamunanagar[187]
Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project, 1500MW, Jhajjar[187]
Jhajjar Power Station, 1500MW[187]
Panipat Thermal Power Station I, 440MW[187]
Panipat Thermal Power Station II, 920MW[187]
Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station, 1200MW, Hisar[187]

Services sector
Transport
Admin map of Haryana with RTO codes
Aviation
Main article: Aviation in Haryana
Roads and highways
Main article: Highways in Haryana

Haryana has a total road length of 26,062 kilometres (16,194 mi), including 2,482
kilometres (1,542 mi) comprising 29 national highways, 1,801 kilometres (1,119 mi)
of state highways,[191] 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) of Major District Roads (MDR) and
20,344 kilometres (12,641 mi) of Other District Roads (ODR) (c. December 2017).
[192] A fleet of 3,864 Haryana Roadways buses covers a distance of 1.15 million km
per day, and it was the first state in the country to introduce luxury video
coaches.[193]

Ancient Delhi Multan Road and Grand Trunk Road, South Asia's oldest and longest
major roads, pass through Haryana. GT Road passes through the districts of Sonipat,
Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala in north Haryana where it enters Delhi and
subsequently the industrial town of Faridabad on its way. The 135.6 kilometres
(84.3 mi) Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway (KMP) will provide a high-speed link to
northern Haryana with its southern districts such as Sonipat, Gurgaon, and
Faridabad.[194]

The Delhi-Agra Expressway (NH-2) that passes through Faridabad is being widened to
six lanes from the current four lanes.[195] It will further boost Faridabad's
connectivity with Delhi.
Railway
See also: Railway in Haryana, Railway stations in Haryana, NWR history, NR history,
and NCR history

The rail network in Haryana is covered by five rail divisions under three rail
zones. Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network,[196] Eastern Dedicated
Freight Corridor (72 km)[197] and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (177 km)[198]
pass through Haryana.

Bikaner railway division of the North Western Railway zone manages the rail network
in western and southern Haryana covering Bhatinda-Dabwali-Hanumangarh line, Rewari-
Bhiwani-Hisar-Bathinda line, Hisar-Sadulpur line and Rewari-Loharu-Sadulpur line.
[199][200] Jaipur railway division of North Western Railway zone manages the rail
network in south-west Haryana covering Rewari-Reengas-Jaipur line, Delhi-Alwar-
Jaipur line and Loharu-Sikar line.[201]

The Delhi railway division of the Northern Railway zone manages the rail network in
north and east-central Haryana, covering Delhi-Panipat-Ambala line, Delhi-Rohtak-
Tohana line, Rewari–Rohtak line, Jind-Sonepat line and Delhi-Rewari line.[202][203]
[204][205][206] Agra railway division of North Central Railway zone manages another
very small part of the network in southeast Haryana covering only the Palwal-
Mathura line.[207][208]

Ambala railway division of Northern Railway zone manages a small part of the rail
network in north-east Haryana covering Ambala-Yamunanagar line, Ambala-Kurukshetra
line and UNESCO World Heritage Kalka–Shimla Railway.[209]
Metro
Main articles: Delhi Metro and Gurgaon Metro

Delhi Metro connects the national capital Delhi with the NCR cities of Faridabad,
Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Faridabad has the longest metro network in the NCR Region
consisting of 11 stations and a track length of 17 km.[210]
Sky Way
Delhi Faridabad Skyway

The Haryana and Delhi governments have constructed the 4.5-kilometre (2.8 mi)
international standard Delhi Faridabad Skyway, the first of its kind in North
India, to connect Delhi and Faridabad.[211]
Communication and media

Haryana has a statewide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government

has its own statewide area network by which all government offices of 22 districts
and 126 blocks across the state are connected with each other, thus making it the
first SWAN of the country.[212][213][214] Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and most of
the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices,
Bharti Telecom, Idea Vodafone Essar, Aircel, Uninor and Videocon) have operations
in the state. The two biggest cities of Haryana, Faridabad and Gurgaon, which are
part of the National Capital Region, come under the local Delhi Mobile
Telecommunication System. The rest of the cities of Haryana come under Haryana
Telecommunication System.

Electronic media channels include MTV, 9XM, Star Group, SET Max, News Time, NDTV
24x7 and Zee Group. The radio stations include All India Radio and other FM
stations.

Panipat, Hisar, Ambala and Rohtak are the cities in which the leading newspapers of
Haryana are printed and circulated throughout Haryana, in which Dainik Bhaskar,
Dainik Jagran, Punjab Kesari, The Tribune, Aaj Samaj, Hari Bhoomi[215] and Amar
Ujala are prominent.
Healthcare
See also: Haryana Civil Medical Services, Teaching hospitals, and NRHM
ESIC Medical College, Faridabad

The total fertility rate of Haryana is 2.3. The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS
2012) and the maternal mortality ratio is 146 (SRS 2010–2012).[216] The state of
Haryana has various Medical Colleges including Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College
in District Sonipat, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad along with notable private
medical institutes like Medanta, Max Hospital, Fortis Healthcare
Education
Literacy

The literacy rate in Haryana has seen an upward trend and is 76.64 per cent as per
the 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 85.38%, while female literacy
is at 66.67%. In 2001, the literacy rate in Haryana stood at 67.91%, of which males
and females were 78.49% and 55.73% literate respectively.[217] As of 2013, Gurgaon
city had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 86.30% followed by Panchkula at
81.9% and Ambala at 81.7%.[218] In terms of districts, as of 2012, Rewari had the
highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%;
male literacy was 79% and female literacy was 67%.[219] In 2011, Haryana's urban
literacy rate stood at 84.98%, marking a notable rise from 79.92% in 2001.
Similarly, the rural literacy rate in the state experienced an improvement,
reaching 68.91% in 2011 compared to 58.74% in 2001.[220]
Schools

Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to

Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior
secondary levels twice a year. Over 700,000 candidates attend annual examinations
in February and March; 150,000 attend supplementary examinations each November. The
Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior
secondary levels twice a year.[221] The Haryana government provides free education
to women up to the bachelor's degree level.

In 2015–2016, there were nearly 20,000 schools, including 10,100 state government
schools (36 Aarohi Schools, 11 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas, 21 Model
Sanskriti Schools, 8,744 government primary school, 3386 government middle school,
1,284 government high school and 1,967 government senior secondary schools),[222]
7,635 private schools (200 aided,[223] 6,612 recognised unaided,[224] and 821
unrecognised unaided private schools[225]) and several hundred other central
government and private schools such as Kendriya Vidyalaya, Indian Army Public
Schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya and DAV schools affiliated to central
government's CBSE and ICSE school boards.
Universities and higher education
MRIU
See also: List of institutions of higher education in Haryana

Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,[226] including 115 government

colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and 96 self-finance colleges.[227] Hisar has
three universities: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University – Asia's
largest agricultural university,[228] Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and
Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences); several
national agricultural and veterinary research centres (National Research Centre on
Equines),[229] Central Sheep Breeding Farm,[230] National Institute on Pig Breeding
and Research,[231] Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing
Institute[232] and Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB);[233] and
more than 20 colleges including Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha.[234]

Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary
school higher education. There are more than 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male
teachers in higher education.[226]

Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad announced on 27 February 2016 that the National
Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) would be set up in
Kurukshetra to provide computer training to youth and a Software Technology Park of
India (STPI) would be set up in Panchkula's existing HSIIDC IT Park in Sector 23.
[235] Hindi and English are compulsory languages in schools whereas Punjabi,
Sanskrit and Urdu are chosen as optional languages.[236]
Sports
See also: Stadiums in Haryana
Wrestler Bajrang Punia
Cricketer Kapil Dev
Boxer Vijender Singh
Badminton player Saina Nehwal

In the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won
came from Haryana.[237] During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in 2007,
Haryana stood first in the nation[238] with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold,
22 silver and 28 bronze medals.

The 1983 World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev made his domestic-cricket debut
playing for Haryana. Nahar Singh Stadium was built in Faridabad in the year 1981
for international cricket. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000
people as spectators.[239] Tejli Sports Complex is an ultra-modern sports complex
in Yamuna Nagar. Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Gurgaon is a multi-sport complex.[240]

Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar announced the "Haryana Sports and
Physical Fitness Policy", a policy to support 26 Olympic sports, on 12 January 2015
with the words "We will develop Haryana as the sports hub of the country."[241]
[242]

Haryana is home to Haryana Gold, one of India's eight professional basketball teams
that compete in the country's UBA Pro Basketball League.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Sakshi Malik won the bronze medal in the 58 kg
category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics
and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country.

Notable badminton player Saina Nehwal is from Hisar in Haryana.[243]

Notable athlete Neeraj Chopra, who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first
track and field gold medal in 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India, was born and raised in
Panipat, Haryana. Wrestling is also very prominent in Haryana, as 2 medals won in
wrestling at 2020 Tokyo Olympics were from Haryana.

Notable athlete Ravi Dahiya, who was born in Nahri village of Sonipat District, won
silver medal in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India.

Ravi Kumar is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo
Olympics in the 57 kg category. Dahiya is also a bronze medalist from 2019 World
Wrestling Championships and a two-time Asian champion.
Notable people
Further information: List of people from Haryana
See also

List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana

List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana
Outline of Haryana
Politics of Haryana
Tourism in Haryana
Haryanvi cinema
List of earthquakes in Haryana

Notes

1881 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Gurgaon, Karnal, Hissar, Rohtak, Sirsa, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1881 census data here:[45][46][47]
1891 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1891 census data here:[48][49][50]
1901 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1901 census data here:[51]: 34
1911 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1911 census data here:[52]: 27 [53]: 27
1921 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1921 census data here:[54]: 29
1931 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1931 census data here:[55]: 277
1941 figure taken from census data by combining the total population of all
districts (Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Karnal, and Ambala), and princely states
(Dujana, Pataudi, Kalsia, Loharu, and Jind) which are in the region that comprises
the contemporary state of Haryana, India. See 1941 census data here:[56]: 42

1931-1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis

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External links

Government

The Official Site of the Government of Haryana Archived 3 March 2016 at the
Wayback Machine
Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India Archived 13 August 2013 at the Wayback
Machine
Haryana Community website Archived 3 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine

General information

Haryana web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado Boulder

Libraries
Haryana at the Encyclopædia Britannica
Wikimedia Atlas of Haryana
Geographic data related to Haryana at OpenStreetMap

Portals:

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Haryana at Wikipedia's sister projects:

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This page was last edited on 5 December