For Live Classes

Download our App

AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION
COACHING
PVT.
LTD.
AN ISO
9001:2015

TO HELP
CERTIFIED

YOU SUCCEED
INSTITUTION

vFkZO;oLFkk
COACHING PVT. LTD. TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
,d ifjp;
vFkZ'kkL=
Oiko nomia (xzhd 'kCn)

OIKOS NOMOS

?kjsyw (House Hold) izca/ku (Management)

vFkZO;oLFkk dks ,d fo"k; ds :i esa nks fgLlksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS&
1- O;f"V vFkZ'kkL= (vFkZ'kkL=) (Micro)
2- lef"V vFkZ'kkL= (Macro)
1- O;f"V vFkZ'kkL= (Micro Economics) ,d xzhd 'kCn] vFkZ& lw{e (Micro)
;g vFkZO;oLFkk ds mu NksVs fgLlksa dk v/;;u djrk gS] ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS vFkkZr ,d ifjokj vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ
ds Lrj ij
2- lef"V vFkZ'kkL= (Macro Economics) ,d xzhd 'kCn] vFkZ& O;kid (Comprehensive)
;g iwjs ns'k ds Lrj ij vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk v/;;u ls lEcfU/kr gSA blds vUrxZr vkfFkZd] lao`f¼] vkfFkZd] fodkl] ekSfnzd]
uhfr;k¡ ]jktdks"kh;] uhfr;k¡] jk"Vªh;] vk; vkfnA
vkfFkZd lao`f¼ vkfFkZd fodkl
ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
,d ek=kRed vo/kkj.kk thou Lrj esa lq/kkj
GDP dk

lekos'kh fodkl lrr /kkj.kh; fodkl

INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT IN ALL ASPECT lalk/kkuksa ds mfpr iz;ksx ds ek/;e ls

fodkl y{; dh izkfIr
John Rawls
Achieving development goals through
proper use of resources
lkekftd U;k; dk fl¼kUr
Principle of social justice
Ik;kZoj.k vxyh ih<+h
Environment next generation
Ex-chain (lkbfdy)

Economy Economics
,d voLFkk (State) Branch of Knowledge

Production Distribution Consumption Production

Goods & service dh Distribution
Supply of Money dh Consumption

1
 TYPES OF ECONOMY
fu;a=.k ds vk/kkj ij (On control basis)

1. Capitalistic Economy - By ,Me fLeFk (1723-1790)

D;k cspuk gS] fdrus ij cspuk gS

D;k mRiknu] fdruk mRiknu

} cktkj r; djs Laissezfaire

jkT; dk dksbZ Role

2. State Economy - By Karl Marx (1818-1883)

lalk/kuksa ,oa lEifRRk ij lcdk ekfydkuk gd
lektoknh (USSR)
lkE;oknh (China)
3. Mixed Economy -
Public ,oa Private {ks= dk feJ.k
Ex.– Hkkjr

fodkl ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k (Types Based on Development)

1- vfodflr vFkZO;oLFkk (Undeveloped Economy)

mu LFkkuksa@ns'kska dks vfodflr dgk tkrk gS tgk¡ rhuksa izdkj ds lk/kuksa izkd`frd] HkkSfrd rFkk ekuoh; esa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d ux.; gSA
tSls % /kzqoh; {ks=] lgkjk jsfxLrku vkfnA
2- fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk (Developing Economy)
Ÿ ,d vYifodflr ;k fodkl'khy ns'k og gS] tgk¡ ,d vksj viz;qDr vFkok v¼Z iz;qDr ekuo 'kfDr gks rFkk nwljh vksj
viz;qDr izkd`frd lk/kuksa dh de ;k vf/kd ek=k esa miyC/krk ik;h tkrh gSA
Ÿ ekSfnzd] izkS|ksfxdh; ,oa xSj&vkfFkZd lhekvksa ds dkj.k fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa vk;] miHkksx] cpr rFkk iw¡th fuekZ.k dk
Lrj fuEu gksrk gSA
3- fodflr vFkZO;LFkk (Developed Economy)
mu LFkkuksa@ns'kksa dks fodflr dgk tkrk gS] tgk¡ mRiknu ds rhuksa lalk/ku izkd`frd] ekuoh; rFkk HkkSfrd i;kZIr ek=k esa miyC/k gSa
rFkk mudk vuqdwyre ;k leqfpr mi;ksx gks jgk gSA

oSf'od lEcU/kksa ds vk/kkj ij oxhZdj.k

1- cUn vFkZO;OkLFkk (Closed Economy)
og vFkZO;oLFkk tks ckã vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ls fdlh Hkh izdkj ls vkfFkZd lEca/k ugha j[krh gS vFkkZr~ vk;kr&fu;kZr dh xfrfof/k;k¡
'kwU; gksrh gS rFkk futh {ks= dh Hkwfedk ux.; gksrh gS] mUgsas cUn vFkZO;oLFkk dgrs gSa] tSls& mÙkj dksfj;kA
2- [kqyh vFkZO;oLFkk (Open Economy)
;g og vFkZO;LFkk gS ftldk 'ks"k fo'o ds lkFk vkfFkZd lEca/k gksrk gSA tSls& gk¡x&dk¡x] flaxkiqjA

dqN vU; vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds izdkj

Ÿ Gig Economy (fxx vFkZO;oLFkk) % izkstsDV ij vk/kkfjr jkstxkj bl vFkZO;OkLFkk ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA tSls&

Ÿ Blue Economy (Cyw vFkZO;oLFkk) % leqnzh lalk/kuksa ,oa leqnz rVksa ij vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk tSls&

Ÿ Grey Economy (xzs vFkZO;oLFkk) % vlaxfBr {ks= esa dke djus okys Jfedksa ij vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk tSls&

Ÿ Parallel Economy (lekukUrj vFkZO;oLFkk) % dkys /ku ij vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk tSls&

2
 CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF INCOME
Lower Income Economy Middle Income Economy Higher Income Economy
PCI. = ;k $1095 ;k blls de $1095 ls ysdj $4095 $4095 ls ysdj $12695 $12695 ls vf/kd
Ex. vÝhdk ds T;knkrj ns'k Ex. Hkkjr Ex. phu Ex. UK, USA Canada

Some Important Books/Theories of Economics

The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith

General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money J.M. Keyes
The Value and Capital Sri. J. R. Hicks
Capital and Growth Sri J. R. Hicks
Money Illusion Irwin Fisher
Planned Economy for India M. Vishveshwaraiaya
Datt & Sundharam's Indian Economy Gaurav Datt and Ashwani Mahajan
The Canon (theory) of Consumer's Surplus Marshal
Big Push Theory A.R. Rodon

mRiknu ds dkjd (Factors of Production)

1. Je (Labor)
2. iwath (Capital)
3. Hkwfe (Land)
4. m|ehs (Entrepreneurs)

vFkZO;oLFkk ds {ks= (Sectors of Economy)

lkekU;r% lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk dh vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dk ys[kkadu (Accounting) djus ds fy, bls rhu {ks=dksa (Sectors) esa foHkkfgr
fd;k tkrk gS&
izkFkfed {ks=d (Primary Sector) f}rh;d {ks=d (Secondary Sector) r`rh;d {ks=d (Tertiary Sector)
{ks=d] tgk¡ izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dks Product ds {ks=d] tgk¡ izkFkfed {ks= ds mRikn dks dPPks ;g og {ks=d gS tgk¡ izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d
:i esa fy;k tkrk gks eky ds rkSj ij iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gks {ks=d dks lsok iznku dh tkrh gSA
Sector, where natural resources are Sector, where products of primary sector This is the sector where the primary
taken as a product are used as raw material and secondary sectors are served.

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining Construction Manufacturing Electricity, Ex. Transport and communication,
Gas and water supply Related works. Banking, Insurance, Storage, Trade.

r`rh;d {ks=d (Tertiary Sector)

prqFkZd {ks=d (Quaternary Sector) iapd {ks=d (Quinary Sector)

Knowledge Based Activates ij Top level executives
vk/kkfjr lsDVj (ljdkj] LokLF;] f'k{kk)
tSls&Research and Development, bls xksYM dkWyj tkWc Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
Culture, IT, Consultation firms,
Financial Planning, Education etc.

3
For Live Classes
Download our App
AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION
COACHING
PVT.
LTD.
AN ISO
9001:2015

TO HELP
CERTIFIED

YOU SUCCEED
INSTITUTION

eqnzk LQhfr
COACHING PVT. LTD. TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
INFLATION
;g oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh dherksa esa fujarj o`f¼ dks lanfHkZr djrk gS ftlls eqækLQhfr ds dkj.k fdlh ns'k dh eqæk dh Ø; {kerk esa fxjkoV
vkrh gS tSls gh eqæk dh Ø; {kerk 'kwU; gks tkrh gS eqæk lapyu ls ckgj gks tkrk gSA orZeku esa lcls de ewY;oxZ dk flôk tks Hkkjr esa oSèk eqæk
gS] 50 iSls dk flôk gSA gkykafd vkjchvkbZ dh xkbMykbu ds eqrkfcd 50 iSls ds flôksa dk bLrseky flQZ 10 #i;s rd ds Hkqxrku ds fy, fd;k
tk ldrk gSA ;g xjhcksa dks lcls T;knk çHkkfor djrk gSA egaxkbZ esa dtZ ysus okys dks Qk;nk gksxkA
eqækLQhfr ds ihNs ds dkj.k ds vkèkkj ij] bls eksVs rkSj ij rhu vyx&vyx çdkjksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tk ldrk gS %
1- ekax tfur eqækLQhfr
2- ykxr çsfjr eqækLQhfr
3- lajpukRed eqækLQhfr
1- ekax tfur eqækLQhfr %
tc rjyrk vfèkd gksrh gS] rks miHkksäk ds ikl vfèk'ks"k èku cp tkrk gSA blds dkj.k [kir ;k ekax c<+ tkrh gSA ;fn ekax esa ;g o`f¼
vkiwfrZ ds lkFk i;kZIr :i ls esy ugha [kkrh gS] rks dher c<+sxh ftlls ekax çsfjr eqækLQhfr c<+sxhA ekax çsfjr eqækLQhfr ges'kk vkfFkZd
fodkl ls tqM+h gksrh gSA
ekax c<+rh gS ® mRiknu ­ ® vkfFkZd fodkl
gkykafd ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ds chp dk varj cgqr vfèkd ugha gksuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk ekax tfur eqækLQhfr ykHkdkjh ugha gksxhA
jkstxkj ds volj dsoy bl gn rd l`ftr fd, tkus Fks fd os eqækLQhfr dks fu;a=.k ls ckgj u dj nsaA bls NAIRU dgk tkrk gSA
2- ykxr izsfjr eqækLQhfr %
;g eq[; :i ls mRiknu dh ykxr esa o`f¼ ds dkj.k ,d vFkZO;oLFkk esa gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] dPps eky ;k fdlh vU; buiqV dh dher
c<+ tkrh gS] vafre mRikn ;k lsok dh dher ekax esa o`f¼ ds fcuk Hkh c<+ tk,xhA
mnkgj.k ds fy,& dPpk rsy Mhty ds mRiknu dk lzksr gS vkSj Mhty mRiknu vkSj ifjogu xfrfofèk;ksa esa b±èku dk lcls egRoiw.kZ lzksr gSA
blfy,] ;fn Mhty egaxk gks tkrk gS] rks mRiknu ykxr esa o`f¼ gksxh] ftlls ykxr çsfjr eqækLQhfr c<+sxhA
vk;kfrr eqækLQhfr % Imported Inflation%
;g vk;kfrr mRiknksa dh ykxr esa o`f¼ ds dkj.k ewY; o`f¼ gSA
3- lajpukRed eqækLQhfr %
;g fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk esa lajpukRed dfe;ksa ds dkj.k gksrk gSA

Hk.Mkj.k
ifjogu lqfo/kk,¡
tek[kksjh (Hoarding)
dqN vU; leL;k,¡ Price O;kikfj;ksa dk lewg cukdj (Cartelization)
dkykcktkjh (Black Marketing)
}
lajpukRed eqækLQhfr og eqækLQhfr gS tks vkiwfrZ i{k dh leL;kvksa ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
uksV % Hkkjr esa lkekU;r;k eqækLQhfr ds rhuksa Lo:i ik, tkrs gSaA
dkSu fu;af=r dj ldrk gS\ Govt. – Cost Push Inflation
nj ds vkèkkj ij eqækLQhfr ds çdkj&
1- jsaxuk 0%-3% fodflr ns'kksa rd
2- pyrh@pyrh egaxkbZ 3%-10% fodkl'khy ns'k
lHkh 3 çHkko

ek¡x tfur ykxr çsfjr lajpukRed

3- Hkkxrh gqbZ 10%-20% fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, vPNk ladsr ugha gSA
fu;a=.k djuk pkfg,A
4- dwnrh gqbZÃ 20%-30%
5- vfr eqækLQhfr 30% ls vfèkd tc eqækLQhfr iwjh rjg ls fu;a=.k ls ckgj gks tkrh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh gn rd c<+ ldrh gS]
rks bls xSyksfiax@gkbij bU¶ys'ku dgk tkrk gSA ;g iwjh rjg ls foQy vFkZO;oLFkk
dh fu'kkuh gS vkSj csgn [kjkc gSA

4
dqN egRoiw.kZ 'krs± %
viLQhfr %
;g eqækLQhfr ds foijhr gSA ;g oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh dher esa fujarj fxjkoV dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA
voLQhfr %
eqækLQhfr dh nj esa fujarj fxjkoV voLQhfr gSA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd çR;sd voLQhfr eqækLQhfr dk ,d :i gS ysfdu çR;sd
eqækLQhfr voLQhfr dk ekeyk ugha gSA
100 110 120 eqnzkLQhfr
100 110 105 foLQhfr
100 98 viLQhfr
fj¶ys'ku %
Ÿ tc ewY;ksa esa dkQh T;knk fxjkoV gksus yxs vFkkZr viLQhfr dh yach vofèk ds ckn, tc dhersa fQj ls iquthZfor gksus yxrh gSa rks bls
viLQhfr dgk tkrk gSA
Ÿ ;g fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, 'kqHk ladsr ugha gSA
Ÿ ;g vke rkSj ij vFkZO;oLFkk esa fQj ls ekax iSnk djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

ls.Vªy cSad C;kt nj

ljdkj izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k dj
ek¡x ­

dhersa ­
Wage Price Spiral / Inflation Spiral :
Ÿ eqnzkLQhfr lfiZy ;k etnwjh esa o`f¼ vkSj eqnzkLQhfr esa o`f¼ ds chp pØh; lEcU/k dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA

etnwjh ;k vk; ­ ek¡x ­ eqnzkLQhfr ¯

eqnzkLQhfr osru ­ osru o`f¼ ds fy,

(ykxr tfur) (ek¡x tfur)
eqnzkLQhfr tfur eanh

Stag
Flation
Stagnant
#dh gqbZ thMhih Inflation

nksuksa ,d lkFk
vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, cgqr cqjk ladsr
fNih gqbZ eg¡xkbZ %
Ÿ fJad¶ySfVu % tc dher leku j[krs gq, ek=k de dj nh tkrh gSA
Ÿ fLde¶ys'ku % ,d ,slh fLFkfr tc daifu;k¡ leku dher cuk, j[krs gq, mRikn ;k lsok dh xq.koÙkk dks de dj nsrh gSaA
eg¡xkbZ VSDl %
eqækLQhfr dj okLro esa vius 'kkfCnd vFkks± esa dj ugha gSA ;g eg¡xkbZ ls vke miHkksäkvksa dks gksus okyk ,d rjg dk uqdlku gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy,& iSls dh Ø; {kerk fxj tkrh gS ftls miHkksäk us cpk;k FkkA blh rjg] miHkksäkvksa ds fy, [kir dh ykxr c<+ tkrh gSA eg¡xkbZ ds
dkj.k yksxksa dh cpr VSDl ds ekeys esa fxj tkrh gSA
ewy LQhfr %
tc dsoy mu oLrqvksa ds ewY;ksa esa mrkj&p<+ko dks VªSd fd;k tkrk gS ftuds ewY;ksa esa lkekU;r% ifjorZu u gksrk gks] rks ,slh eqækLQhfr dks
dksj eqækLQhfr dgk tkrk gSA

5
fQfyIl oØ % }kjk fn;k x;k & vYcku fQfyIl (,d fczfV'k vFkZ'kkL=h)
csjkstxkjh vkSj eqækLQhfr ds chp lkekU; lacaèk dks oØ dh lgk;rk ls n'kkZ;k x;k gS&
Ination Rate %

8%
7%
6%
B
5%
4%
3%
2% A

3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% Unemployment Rate %

eqnzk LQhfr dh x.kuk

dkSu x.kuk djrk gS\ dSls\

MOSPI
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=ky;
nks dk;Z

MsVk dysDV djuk dk;kZUo;u

Statistics Implementation

CSO NSSO

Central Statistical Office National Sample Survey Office

LFkkiuk& 1951 LFkkiuk& 1950
gsMDokVZj& ubZ fnYyh gsMDokVZj& dksydkrk
{ks=h; gsMDokVZj& dksydkrk {ks=h; gsMDokVZj& ubZ fnYyh

x.kuk (Calculation) losZ{k.k (Survey)

GDP Poverty
National Income Unemployment
Inflation

IIP (Index of Industrial Production)–

vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad
Note– jkstxkj dh x.kuk Je C;wjks foHkkx djrk gS] tks Je ea=ky; ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA

6
In 2000 jaxjktu lfefr

2005 vuq'kalk;sa Recommendations

CSO + NSSO

National Statistical (NSO)

2019 csjkstxkjh dk MsVk yhd

Arguments of Government
CSO uses the data of NSSO

Now Calculation NSO ekfld vk/kkj ij

Calculation
Pn Pn = Price in present year
ewY; lwpdkad Price Index=
Po
×100 where,
Po = Price in Base Year

tc eqnzk LQhfr dh nj lkekU; gks

Urjit Patel = 4 ± 2%

lwpdkad (Index)

WPI CPI PPI

Wholesale Price Index Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX

Calculation NSO (on the monthly basis)
Data Release DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade)
Base Year 2011-2012
Only Goods Services

117 564 16

22.62% 13.15% Hkkjka'k (Weightage)

64.23%

Primary Goods Manufactured Goods Fuel and Energy

Grains Petroleum
Fruits LPG
Vegetables Coal
Cotton Lubricants
Tea etc.

7
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
Calculation : At retail level
(Goods and Services both)

lh-ih-vkbZ- ds vUrxZr pkj vyx&vyx lwpdkad tkjh fd;s tkrs gSaA

1. CPI for Industrial Workers
2.
3.
4.
CPI
CPI
CPI
for
for
for
Rural
Urban
Combined
} Calculation- NSO
Base Year : 2011-12

Also called "Headline Retail Inflation"

CPI (IW) :
Calculation : Labour Bureau
ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dks eg¡xkbZ HkRrk lh-ih- (vkbZ-MCY;w) ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
Base Year: 2016
Note : lh-ih-vkbZ- ds ckLdsV lokZf/kd Hkkjka'k [kk| ,oa is; inkFkksZa dk gSA

mRiknu ewY; lwpdkad PRODUCER PRICE INDEX

eqnzk LQhfr dh x.kuk& mRiknu ds fcUnq ij

ykxr izsfjr eqnzk LQhfr ds x.kuk ds fy, lcls izHkko'kkyh midj.k
bl lwpdkad dk Hkkjr esa iz;ksx orZeku rd ugha gksrk gSA

8
For Live Classes
Download our App
AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION
COACHING
PVT.
LTD.
AN ISO
9001:2015

TO HELP
CERTIFIED

YOU SUCCEED
INSTITUTION

ekSfnzd uhfr;k¡
COACHING PVT. LTD. TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
MONETARY POLICIES
vkjchvkbZ us ekSfæd uhfr dks eqækLQhfr] /ku dh vkiwfrZ] ½.k miyC/krk] miHkksx vkSj fodkl ds çca/ku ds lkFk&lkFk /ku vkiwfrZ vkSj C;kt nj
dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, ,d midj.k ds :i esa j[kk gSA
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;kA (vkjchvkbZ)
vçSy ds eghus esa
la'kksf/kr & gj 2 eghus cknA
mís'; % 1- eqækLQhfr dks fu;af=r djuk
2- vkfFkZd fodkl dk çca/ku djuk
3- vU; varjjk"Vªh; eqækvksa ds eqdkcys ?kjsyw eqæk dh fLFkj fofue; nj cuk, j[kukA

dqN midj.k

A. ikjEifjd midj.k B. xSj&ikjEifjd midj.k

ikjaifjd midj.k os midj.k gSa ftudk mi;ksx dsaæh; cSad }kjk lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn ;s midj.k çHkko iSnk djus esa
foQy jgrs gSa rks xSj&ikjaifjd midj.kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu midj.kksa dk mi;ksx eq[;r% vlkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA
xSj&ikjaifjd midj.kksa esa 'kkfey gks ldrs gSa&
1- gsyhdkIVj MªkWi@gsyhdkIVj euh
2- gsyhdkIVj gwoj
3- udkjkRed C;kt nj
nwljh vksj ikjaifjd midj.kksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gS&
1- ek=kRed midj.k
2- xq.kkRed midj.k
ek=kRed midj.k
1- lhvkjvkj (CRR) & udn vkjf{kr vuqikr 6- fjolZ jsiks jsV
2- ,l,yvkj (SLR) & oS/kkfud rjyrk vuqikr 7- ,e,l,Q (MSF) & lhekar LFkk;h lqfo/kk
3- vks,evks (OMO) & vksiu ekdsZV vkWijs'ku 8- ,lMh,Q (SDF) & LFkk;h tek lqfo/kk
4- cSad nj
5- jsiks jsV
'kq¼ ek¡x le; ns;rk
nsunkjh & cSafdax ç.kkyh esa] cSad ds ikl tek jkf'k dks mldh nsunkjh dk fgLlk dgk tk ldrk gSA
laifÙk & fdlh cSad }kjk fn, x, ½.k dks mldh laifÙk dk fgLlk dgk tk ldrk gSA
ns;rk

ek¡x nkf;Ro le; nkf;Ro

fMeka M fMikW f tV cS a d dh og tek jkf'k gS ftls lkof/k tek dh ,d fuf'pr ifjiDork vof/k
tekdrkZ fdlh Hkh le; fudky ldrk gSA buesa gksrh gS vkSj bUgsa ,d fuf'pr fuf'pr le; ds
pkyw [kkrk tek vkSj cpr [kkrk tek 'kkfey gSaA ckn gh fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
bues a lkof/k tek (,QMh) vkS j vkorhZ tek
(vkjMh) 'kkfey gSaA

NDTL

9
 1- udn vkjf{kr vuqikr
bls cSad ds ,uMhVh,y ds ml fgLls ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS ftls cSad dks udnh ds :i esa vkjchvkbZ dks tek djuk gksrk gSA
orZeku esa % 4-50% (7 fnlacj 2022 ds vuqlkj)
x.kuk % 14 fnu (i[kokM+k)
Ÿ dksbZ C;kt ugha nsuk gksxkA
Ÿ bl iSls dk dksbZ Hkh mi;ksx ugha dj ldrkA
Ÿ igys lhvkjvkj ij fupyh vkSj Åijh lhek,¡ FkhaA
Ÿ vkjchvkbZ la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e 2006 ds ek/;e ls 3&15%] bl lhek dks gVk fn;k x;kA

2- oS/kkfud rjyrk vuqikr

,l,yvkj dks ,uMhVh,y ds fgLls ;k cSad dh dqy tek jkf'k ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftls cSad dks udnh] lksuk ;k ljdkjh
çfrHkwfr;ksa ds :i esa vius ikl j[kuk gksrk gSA
igys & vf/kdre lhek % 25% & 40%
vkjchvkbZ la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 2006 }kjk gVk;k x;kA
orZeku esa % 18%
x.kuk % 14 fnu (i[kokM+k)
ojh;rk % ljdkj çfrHkwfr
D;w\
vFkZO;oLFkk esa rjyrk dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, ,l,yvkj cgqr çHkkoh midj.k ugha gSA
D;w\
lhvkjvkj vkSj ,l,yvkj dks vkjf{kr vuqikr dgk tkrk gSA
D;w\

ljdkjh izfrHkwfr;k¡
;s ljdkj ds fy, ½.k dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd, tkus okys midj.k gSaA igys bUgsa eqfær ;k dkxt ij çek.k i= ds :i esa tkjh
fd;k tkrk FkkA ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ dsoy dkxt dk VqdM+k Fkha ftl ij vafdr ewY; dk mYys[k fd;k x;k FkkA ;s çfrHkwfr;k¡ ,d opu i= ds
:i esa dk;Z djrh gSa D;ksafd ljdkj oknk djrh gS fd dkxt ds VqdM+s dk ekSfæd ewY; ml ij eqfær vafdr ewY; ds cjkcj gksxkA orZeku esa
ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;k¡ bysDVªkWfud :i esa tkjh dh tkrh gSaA bUgsa ljdkj }kjk tkjh fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vkjchvkbZ dks fn;k tkrk gSA vkjchvkbZ mUgsa
cSad dks csprk gSA
fcy % ;fn ifjiDork vof/k 1 o"kZ rd gS] rks mUgsa fcy dgk tkrk gSA
ckaM % ;fn ifjiDork vof/k 1 o"kZ ls vf/kd gS] rks mUgsa ckaM dgk tkrk gSA

3- [kqyk cktkj ifjpkyu

;g ml ra= dks lanfHkZr djrk gS ftlds ek/;e ls vkjchvkbZ cSadksa ds lkFk&lkFk foÙkh; laLFkkuksa dks fcy vkSj ckaM ds :i esa ljdkjh çfrHkwfr;ksa
dh [kjhn vkSj fcØh djrk gSA
Ÿ fuekZ.kdrkZ vks-,e-vks ljdkj csprk gS (lsdaM)
Ÿ foLrkjoknh vks-,e-vks vf/kd ls vf/kd lsdaM iqu[kZjhn djsaA
dsoy os cSad ftuds ikl ljIyl gS vkSj os ljdkj [kjhnus ds bPNqd gSaA flD;ksfjVht bls bl IysVQkWeZ ij [kjhn ldrs gSaA gky gh esa ljdkjh
çfrHkwfr;k¡ bysDVªkWfud :i esa tkjh dh tkrh gSaA bUgsa bZ&dqcsj uked bysDVªkWfud IysVQkWeZ ij bysDVªkWfud :i esa [kjhnk vkSj cspk tkrk gSA

cktkj fLFkjhdj.k ;kstuk

2004 esa Hkkjr esa is'k fd;k x;kA
2016 esa uksVcanh ds nkSjku [kcjksa esa FksA
15 yk[k 31 gtkj djksM+ #i;s
vkjchvkbZ cktkj fLFkjhdj.k çfrHkwfr;ka csprk gS] ysfdu ;g iSlk ljdkj dks ugha fn;k tkrk gSA ½.k ds :i esa vkSj ;g RBI ds ikl jgrk gSA
4- cSad nj (Bank Rate)
igys (Earlier):
cSad nj og C;kt nj gksrh Fkh ftl ij cSad RBI ls 90 fnuksa ls vf/kd dh yach vof/k ds fy, m/kkj ysrs FksA

10
1999 esa ç;ksxkRed vk/kkj ij RBI us rjyrk lek;kstu lqfo/kk (LAF) 'kq: dh ftlesa jsiks nj vkSj fjolZ jsiks nj 'kkfey FkhA 2000 ds ckn ls
RBI }kjk cSad nj dks iwjh rjg ls cny fn;k x;kA orZeku esa cSad nj vkjchvkbZ }kjk lhvkjvkj vkSj ,l,yvkj dk j[kj[kko u djus dh
fLFkfr esa cSadksa ij tqekZuk yxkus ds fy, ,d csapekdZ ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gSA orZeku esa twu 2022 esa cSad nj 5-15% gSA vc 6-5%A
jsiks nj (Repo Rate)
C;kt dh nj (Rate of Interest)
cSad vkjchvkbZ ls vYikof/k ds fy, m/kkj ysrs gSaA
90 fnu rd
twu 2022 esa jsiks jsV 4-90% (vc 6-5%)
jsiks jsV dh iwjh O;oLFkk dks nks Hkkxksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gS&
1- vksojukbV jsiks (Overnight Repo)
2- VeZ jsiks (Term Repo)
vksojukbV jsiks (Overnight Repo) VeZ jsiks (Term Repo)
dsoy 24 ?kaVs ds fy,A ifjiDork vof/k %
,uMhVh,y ds 0-25% rd 7 fnu
14 fnu
21 fnu -------- vkSj blh rjg
ysfdu 90 fnu ls T;knk ugha
,uMhVh,y dk 0-75% rd
çfrHkwfr;k¡ fxjoh j[kuk
m/kkj yh xbZ jkf'k dk de ls de 105%
;s çfrHkwfr;ka ml cSad ds ,l,yvkj dk fgLlk ugha gks ldrhaA

fjolZ jsiks nj (Reverse Repo Rate)

;g C;kt dh og nj gS ftl ij vkjchvkbZ okf.kfT;d cSadksa ls m/kkj ysrk gSA
3-35% (twu] 2022)
igys fjolZ jsiks jsV] jsiks jsV ls 0-25% de gqvk djrk Fkk ysfdu vc ;g fj'rk ugha jgkA
vkjchvkbZ dh dekbZ %
ykHk ls vkjchvkbZ ljdkj dks ykHkka'k nsrk gS vkSj viuh vkdfLedrk Hkh cuk, j[krk gSA

lhekar LFkk;h lqfo/kk (Marginal Standing Facility)(MSF)

vkjchvkbZ }kjk 9 ebZ 2011 dks is'k fd;k x;kA
igys ;g lqfo/kk dsoy okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds fy, Fkh
dqN lgdkjh cSad
jkrksjkr m/kkj ysus dk ,d lk/ku
,e,l,Q& 5-15% (twu 2022) (vc 6-5%)
jsiks vkSj ,e,l,Q ds chp varj
2% cuke 0-75% ,uMhVh,y

LFkk;h tek lqfo/kk (Standing Deposit Facility)

bl ;a= dk ç;ksx vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksi esa fd;k tkrk gSA
;g ,y,,Q ds leku gSA
2018 esa RBI vf/kfu;e 1934 dh /kkjk 17 dks bl midj.k dks is'k djus ds fy, RBI dks l'kä cukus ds fy, la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA

11
 m/kkj fy;k
dsUnzh; cSad cSad
m/kkj fn;k
le>kSrk ;ksX; dher ij
cqfu;knh funsZ'k

1% = 100 BPs ekSfnzd iz.kkyh esa izHkko

0.25% = 25 BPs dks c<+kuk

py fuf/k tky
vkjchvkbZ (RBI) izfrdwy vkfFkZd fLFkfr

cSad miHkksDrkvksa dks i;kZIr jkf'k

lLrs iSls dh uhfr miyC/k djkus esa foQy jgrs gSaA

vfuf'pr jguk
tksf[ke ysus ls cpsa
py fuf/k tky

cky dVokus @ ekftZu dh vko';drk

lgefr ds ewY; vkSj m/kkj yh xbZ jkf'k ds chp ds varj dks ekftZu ;k gs;j dV dgk tkrk gSA
cky dVokuk – de – dc \ udkjkRed cky dVokuk
vf/kd & dc\
laifÙk dk ewY; < ½.k jkf'k
lLrs iSls dh uhfr eg¡xh /ku uhfr
ekSfæd uhfr dks vklku cukuk ekSfæd uhfr dks dM+k djuk
^^foLrkjoknh uhfr** ^^ladqpukRed uhfr**
^^?k`f.kr uhfr**

ekSfnzd uhfr lfefr (Monetary Policy Committee)

2016 ls dk;Z 'kq:
6 lnL;

3 lnL; 3 lnL;

dsUnz ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr 1- vkjchvkbZ ds xouZj

2- vkjchvkbZ ds fMIVh xouZj
3- vkjchvkbZ dk ,d vf/kdkjh

dsUnzh; cksMZ }kjk ukekafdr

12
1. हल
े ीका र ॉप/पैसा :

चल न ध अमे रक अथशा ी - म न डमैन

क सरकार मु ा छाप सीधे उपभो ा

२. हल
े ीका र वर :
काले धन को सोखना या ब कग णाली से बाहर करना।
पूव नोटबंदी

३. नकारा क ाज दर :
रप
े ो पर आरबीआई ाज लेगा
रवस रप
े ो पर आरबीआई ाज देगा.
ले कन जब आरबीआई इस नी त को पलट देता है तो कहा जाता ह-ै नकारा क ाज दर

उदाहरण: जापान म

माँग

माँग बढ़ाने के लए इस पॉ लसी का इ ेमाल कया जाता ह.ै

13
For Live Classes
Download our App
AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION
COACHING
PVT.
LTD.
AN ISO
9001:2015

TO HELP
CERTIFIED

YOU SUCCEED
INSTITUTION

ca Sfdax O;oLFkk
COACHING PVT. LTD. TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
BANKING SYSTEM

Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad (RBI)

LFkkiuk& 1 vizSy 1935 (RBI Act 1934)

,d lkafof/kd fudk; (Statutory body)

vuq'kalk& fgYVu ;ax deh'ku (The Royal commission on Indian currency)
RBI (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act 1948
1 Jan 1949 RBI blds tfj;s jk"Vªh;d`r gks x;hA
Head Quarter : eqaEcbZ
igys xouZj % lj vksLckWuZ fLeFk
igys Hkkjrh; tks RBI ds xouZj cus & CD ns'keq[k
orZeku esa & 'kfDrdkar nkl (25osa)
RBI dks (LoR) dgk tkrk gSA
Lender of last Resort (vafre mik; dk ½.knkrk)
RBI us 1947 rd cekZ ds dsUnzh; cSad ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA

RBI ds dk;Z

ikjaifjd (Permanent) xSj ikjaifjd (Temporary)

1- ljdkj dk cSad
2- cSdksa dk cSad
3- cSafdax flLVe dks fofu;fer (Regulate) djrk gSA
4- dqN NBFCs dks Regulate djrk gSA
5- ekSfnzd uhfr;k¡ cukrk gS ftlds tfj;s vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqnzk ds izokg dks Regulate djrk gSA
6- RBI fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj dk laj{kd gSA Hkkjr ds fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj esa Hard Currency tSls& vesfjdu $ ;wjks] ;su] ikm.M dks
Preference (izkFkfedrk) nh tkrh gSaA Hkkjr ds fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj yxHkx $ 580 fcfy;u MkWyj gSA
7- RBI, 1 :i;s ls vf/kd ds Currency uksV tkjh djrh gSaA 1 :i, ds uksV rFkk lHkh flDds Hkkjr ljdkj tkjh djrh gS] ijarq
vFkZO;oLFkk esa flDdksa ,oa 1 :i, ds uksV dh vkiwfrZa dh ftEesnkjh Hkh RBI dh gSA

u;s uksV tkjh djus esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh i¼fr;k¡

U;wure vkj{kh iz.kkyh vuqikrh vkj{kh iz.kkyh

(Minimum Reserve System) (Proportional Reserve System)
Hkkjr blh iz.kkyh dks Follow djrk gSA iz;ksx&fodflr ns'kksa esa
bl iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr RBI u;s uksV ds bl iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr tSls&tSls
cnys 200 Crore :- ds cjkcj fjtoZ j[krh gSA Nkis x;s uksVksa dh ek=k c<+rh gS]
oSls&oSls j[kk x;k fjtoZ Hkh mlh
vuqikr esa c<+rk gSA
115 Crore 85 Crore
lksuk dM+h eqnzk

14
 Currency uksVks dh NikbZ flDds <ykbZ dk dk;Z
1. Nasik (Maharashtra) 1. Hyderabad
2. Devas (M.P.) 2. Noida
3. Mysore (Karnataka) 3. Mumbai
4. Salbony (West Bengal) 4. Kolkata

Banking System

What ? History of Bank in India

First bank - Bank of Hindustan (1770)

Closed
By – Alexander and company
EAST INDIA COMPANY

1. Bank of Calcutta (1806) Bank of Bengal (1809)

} 2. Bank of Bombay (1840)

3. Bank of Madras (1843) 1865 - Allahabad bank
Merged with
1921 – The Imperial Bank of India Indian Bank
1881 - Oudh commercial bank
1955 - State Bank of India
First bank
+7 Associates
Shareholders took place
State bank of Myssore
State bank of Travancore igyh ckj Hkkjrh;ksa us 'ks;j Mkys
State bank of Patiala
1894 - PNB
State bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
State bank of Hyderabad igyh iw.kZ :i ls Hkkjrh; cSad
State bank of Saurashtra
State bank of Indore

1st April 2017

Merged with SBI

Established Bhartiya Mahila Bank also merge with SBI

19th Nov. 2013

Hkkjr esa cSadks ds jk"Vªh;dj.k dk bfrgkl

D;ksa\ fdlls lnfHkZr djrk gS\

Fraudulent activities (ÝkWM ,fDVfoVh)
Urban ('kgj)
Presence
Rural (xzkeh.k)
1969 - 14 cM+s cSadksa dk (min. 50 crore) Went Bankrupt fnokfy;k gks x;h
1980 - 6 cM+s cSadksa dk (min. 200 crore)
1993 - The New Bank Of India
} Dena Bank
Vijaya Bank
Merged
Merged
PNB
Bank of Baroda
1st April, 2019

15
 orZeku esa 12 jk"Vªh;d`r cSad (In Presence 12 Banks)
1. State Bank of India
2. Punjab National Bank (OBC Bank and United Bank of India)
3. Canara Bank (Syndicate Bank)
4. Union Bank of India (Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank)
5. Indian Bank (Allahabad Bank)
6. Bank of India
7. Central Bank of India
8. Indian Overseas Bank
9. UCO Bank
10. Bank of Maharashtra
11. Bank of Baroda
12. Punjab and Sindh bank

cSadks dk oxhZdj.k

SCHEDULED NON-SCHEDULED
nd
2 Schedule (RBI ACT 1934)
;g ifjoZu'khy gSA
RBI dh xkbM ykbu QkWyks djuh gksrh gSA
1- bu cSadksa dh fdlh Hkh fØ;k ls buds xzkgdksa dks {kfr ugha gksuh pkfg,A
2- U;wure iznÙk iwath (Paid up Capital) 5 Lakhs
okf.kfT;d cSadks ds fy, bls c<+kdj 1000 djksM+ dj fn;k x;kA
By investor
Investment during establishment of company.
By Shareholders

3- bu cSdksa dks ekSfnzd uhfr;ksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk gSa A

In Return – RBI - Financial Help

SCHEDULED BANK

Commercial Payment Small Finance Regional Co-operative

Bank Bank Bank Rural Bank Bank

Public Sector Private Sector

Bank Bank

State Co-operative Central District PACS

Indian Foriegn Co-operative Bank

NON-BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

vf[ky Hkkjrh; foÙkh; ukWu cSafdax foÙkh; daEifu;ka izkFkfed MhylZ

laLFkku (NBFCs)
EXIM BANK daEiuh ,DV 1956 esa jftLVMZ
NABARD
BY – SEBI
NHB
SIDBI
NBFCs – D
NBFCs – ND
Regulated
} BY – IRDAI
BY – States

16
 fodkl cSad

vkS|ksfxd fodkl cSad d`f"k fodkl cSad vk;kr fu;kZr fodkl cSad x`g fodkl cSad
IFCI NABARD EXIM Bank NHB
IDBI (National bank for (National
SIDBI Agriculture & Rural Housing Bank)
Development)

okf.kfT;d cSad
cSad ykHk
Note –
1. lHkh jk"Vªh;d`r cSad lkoZtfud cSad\
lHkh lkoZtfud cSad jk"Vªh;d`r cSad\
2. IDBI Bank ,d lkoZtfud cSad FkhA
Now- LIC 51%
vc futh {ks= dh cSad gSaA
HDFC Bank
Market value- J.P. Morgan Chase (American)

India?
Before 2008 Citi Bank

India?
SBI (State Bank of India)
fn;s x;s yksu ,oa lEifÙk ds vk/kkj ij
Industrial and Commercial
Bank of China (ICBC)
Standard Chartered Bank

Hkkjr esa lcls T;knk czkUp

Deutsche Bank (Germany)

India?

BNP Paribas (France)

India?

xzkeh.k {ks=h; cSad (RRBs)

Rural Area Semi-Commercial
50% 35% 15%

dsUnz lkoZtfud {ks= cSad jkT;

ifjpkyu LFkkiuk

lkoZtfud {ks= dh cSad 2 Oct 1975

RRBs Act 1976 4 jkT; – 5 RRBs Pilot scheme
West Bengal – Malda UP – Muradabad, Gorakhpur
Haryana - Bhivani Rajasthan – Jaipur

17
Regulatory Body NABARD
Work- Rural areas y?kq vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ;ksa dks yksu nsrh gSA
?kkVk n'kkZus yxh foy;

196 56 36 in present

SBI Sponser- 14

orZeku esa RRB dh LFkkiuk Goa

Sikkim

October 2020 LAF, MSF (Facility) ysfdu fu;e dkuwu dk ikyu djuk gksxkA
CBS
9% CRAR
Capital to Risk weighted Assets Ratio
It is a ratio between total assets and risk Assets
;g ,d cSad ds dqy laifRr vkSj tksf[ke laifRr ds chp dk vuqikr gSA

Hkqxrku CkSad (Payment Bank)

lfefr& ufpdsr eksj Banking Through
Neighbourhood
Vendors
mn~ns';& foÙkh; lekos'ku
dsoy tek Debit card (ü) No FD No Loan

ØsfMV ugha Credit card (û)

Min. Credit 100 cr. Payment
40% Sponser vxys ikap lky Maintain j[kuk gksxkA Saving and Bank Debit Card
Current Facility
Account
,d fnu esa nks yk[k rd dh tek fyfeV
No Physical Branch

MOTO

NBFC
Licence Mobile Co.
MAN

Profit- 75% of it's deposit Govt. Securities

25% Demand deposit

Third party product sell Commission

Mutual Fund, Insurance
First Payment Bank Airtel Payment Bank

PayTm Payment Bank

Owner- Vijay Shekhar
Headquarter- Noida

18
 INDIA POST PAYMENT BANK

Pilot scheme
Ranchi
30 Jan 2017
Raipur
Launched - 1st Sept. 2018 New Delhi
100% Govt. owned
Theme – vkidk cSad vkids }kj
1.55 lac Branches (World No. 1)

y?kq foÙk cSad (Small Finance Bank)

U;wure iwath fuos'k- 100 crore-200 crore (Present Time)
40% (During first 5 years)
Promoter's investment
26% (After 12 years)

1/4 branches xzkeh.k {ks= esa gksuh pkfg,A

fMikWftV Lohdkj djrs gS Debit Cards, Cheque Book
yksu nsrs gSa Credit cards
CRR vkSj SLR cuk;s j[kuk gksxkA
Loan- 75% (izkFkfed {ks=)
Sept 2019 change –
At the end of 15th year Invester's stakes 15%
vxj Net worth 500 djksM+ ls T;knk gksA
LVkWd ,Dlpsat ij fyLV djk ldrs gSaA

NABARD
National Bank For Agriculture and Rural Development

vly esa ,d cSad ugha ,d fodkl cSad gS

NABARD Act, 1981
Establishment – 12 July 1982
Shivaraman Committee vuq'kalk
RBIrFkk Hkkjr ljdkj dk 50–50 Joint Venture FkkA 100 crore
vc Hkkjr ljdkj ds ikl 100 izfr'kr fgLlsnkjh gSA (2018) ls
Work – iqufoZRr

;s mu cSadks dks yksu nsrh gSa] tks xzkeh.k ,oa d`f"k {ks= esa yksu nsrh gSA
KCC Provisions has been prepared by NABARD.

19
Head quarter – Mumbai
Loan : 8 months – 5 years
Major sectors :
RIDF Rural infrastructure Development Fund
WIF Warehouse infrastructure fund
PACs Primary Agricultural Credit Societies

NABARD Amendment Act 2017 :

iw¡th&5000 djksM+ 30]000 djksM+

Manufacturing Sector Service Sector

10 djksM+ rd 5 djksM+ rd

IDBI EXIM NABARD NHB SIDBI

1964 1982 1982 1988 1990
Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai New Delhi Lucknow
Industries Development Export Increase Refinance Housing MSME

Loan Loan Loan

fuos'k okf"kZd jktLo

MSME Micro :- 1 cr. rd & 5 cr.
7 djksM+ ls ­ (India) esa Small :- 10 cr. rd & 50 cr.
Medium :- 50 cr. rd & 250 cr.
MSME Act – 2006
Enterprises :- 50 cr. rd & 250 cr.

eqnzk Ldhe
Micro unit Development and Refinance agency LFkkiuk = 20 gtkj djksM+
Start – 8 April 2015 (Delhi) (eqnzk cSad) 3000 iw¡th vf/k'ks"k
dk;Z & Refinance – MSME (Credit xkjaVh dkWjil)
Under & SIDBI 3 rjg ds ½.k
f'k'kq = 50k rd
fd'kksj = 5 yk[k rd
r:.k = 5 yk[k&10 yk[k rd

CORE BANKING SYSTEM

Facility by RBI
,d dsUnzh;d`r loZj ds tfj;s lHkh cSadksa ds czkUpksa dks Connect j[kuk
Ex. mobile Banking Internet Banking

IFCI – Industrial Finance Corporation of India

1 July 1948
Hkkjr dk igyk fodkl cSad

RTGS = Real time Gross Settlement

By RBI
Min 2 lac.
Max vyx&vyx cSad viuk vyx&vyx
Works- 24×7×365 - 26 ekpZ 2006 'kq:
2020 esa 24 × 7

20
 NEFT-National Electronic Fund Transfer
Min = 1
Max = No limit
rqjUr fuiVkjk × 24 ?kUVs ds vUnj
By- RBI 2005 esa 'kq:

IMPS - Immediate Payment Service

By NPCI
Fastest + Most Convenient lcls rst + T;knk vklku
1 #- ls 5 yk[k (vyx&2 cSadksa) dh vyx&2
QaM VªkalQj = rqjUr
UPI -UNIFED Payment Interface

bldk eSVj ugha gSA

BHIM-Bharat Interface for money
By NPCI Bank A/C × t:jr
Fund transfer-rqjUr
Max – 1 yk[k ,d dksM dh t:jr
Mobile No.
Mail ID /PAN/ADHAR

IFSC (Indian Financial System Code)

,d vYQk U;weSfjd dksM
Identification || Digit

cSad dh czkap dk
Central Board Of Directors of RBI
Mk;jsDVj cksMZ
Official Members Non – Official Members
ljdkj }kjk euksuhr
dk;Zdky& 4 lky
Governor Deputy Governors.
1 4
The Public Financial Management System
dsUnz esa ns[kjs[k ds fy;s& ,d uksMy foHkkx
O;; foHkkx (Department of Expenditure)

xSj fu"iknu dkjh laifRr (NPA : Non-Performing Asset)

Ÿ NPA og yksu gS ftl ij ewy/ku ,oa C;kt dh izkfIr yxkrkj 90 fnuksa rd u gks ik;sA
Ÿ NBFCs ds fy;s ;g le; lhek 180 fnuksa dh Fkh ftls o"kZ 2022 esa cSadks ds lerqY; 90 fnu fd;k tk jgk gSA
Ÿ ftl {k.k dksbZ ½.kh] ½.k dh vnk;xh esa pwdrk gS rks cSadks dks 30 fnuksa ds Hkhrj RBI dks lwfpr djuk gSA
Ÿ NPA dks 3 izk:iksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS&
1. Sub Standard Asset (voekud ifjlaifRRk) 'kq: ds 12 eghuksa rd blh Js.kh esa
2. Doubtful Asset (lafnX/k ifjlaifRr) 12 eghuksa ls 3 o"kksZa rd
3. Loss Asset (Mwch gqbZ ifjlaifRr) 3 lky ckn
Ÿ cSadks dks NPA ds cnys iwoksZik; (Provision) j[kuk gksrk gS 1 yk[k esa ls mBkdj 1 iwoksZik; dk iz;ksx ,d cSad fdlh Hkh mn~ns'; ds
fy;s ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Ÿ Gross NPA = Net NPA + Provision

21
 WRITTEN OFF LOAN
Ÿ ;fn ,d ½.k Loss Asset esa ifjofrZr gks tk;s ,oa mldh olwyh vR;Ur dfBu gks tk;s] rc ,slh fLFkfr esa cSadks dks viuk
rqyuki= (Balance Sheet) dks lkQ j[kuk gksrk gSA bl mn~ns'; ls cSad dks bl NPA dks ?kkVs ds :i esa n'kkZuk gksrk gSA tc NPA
dks cSad ?kkVs esa fn[kk nsrh gSa rc bls Written Off Loan dgk tkrk gSA

TWIN BALANCE SHEET PROBLEM

Balance Sheet ,d dEiuh dk foÙkh; fjiksVZ dkMZ gksrk gSA
ifjlaifRr
ns;rk
tc foÙkh; dkj.kksa ls ,d dEiuh dk rqyuk i= (Balance Sheet) izHkkfor gks tk;s ,oa ;g fdlh nwljs dEiuh ds rqyuk i=
dks Hkh izHkkfor djs rks bls f}rqyu i= dh leL;k dgrs gSaA
CIBIL - CREPTI INFORMATION BUREAU (INDIA) LTD. AND PUBLIC CREPTI REGISTRY

LFkkiuk& 2000 esa (Hkkjr)

bldks ,d vesfjdu dEiuh (Run) djrh gSA
NPCI - NATIONAL PAYMENT CORPORATION OF INDIA
RBI
LFkkiuk } bf.M;u cSad ,lksfl,'ku
dk;Z&[kqnjk Hkqxrku ,oa fuiVkjk (Retail Payment and Settlement)
Not for Profit
:is] IMPS, BHIM/UPI (NPCI }kjk fodflr)
lHkh ATM dks Connect djrk gSA
SWIFT : SOCIETY FOR WORLD WIDI INTERBANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION
,d bysDVªkWfud IysVQkWeZ
LFkkiuk & 1973 Fund
dk;Z & 1977 A/C A/C
India Transfer USA
loZj & csfYt;e
ppkZ esa D;ksa&;wØsu&:l iq:
MDR : MERCHANT DISCOUNT RATE

MsfcV dkMZ Ÿ tc dksbZ Payment MsfCkV dkMZ ;k ØsfMV dkMZ dk iz;ksx djds
Payment nqdkunkj dh tk;s rks ,d deh'ku nqdkunkj }kjk MsfoV ;k ØsfMV dkMZ
ØsfMV dkMZ dEiuh dks fn;k tk;sxk ftls MDR dgk tkrk gSA
deh'ku 0.9% dEiuh

ATM : AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE

ATM dks fuEufyf[kr N% izdkjksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tk ldrk gS&
1. Brown Label ATM
;g oSls ATMs gSa tks fd ,d cSad ds uke ij dk;Z djrs gSaA bUgsa iqu% nks izdkjksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tk ldrk gS&
(a) On Site
(b) Off Site
On Site oSls ATM gSa] tks fd ,d cSad dh 'kk[kk ds lkFk mifLFkr gksrs gSaA nwljh rjQ Off site ATM os ATM gSa tks fd ,d cSad dh
'kk[kk ls dgha nwj LFkkfir gksrs gSA

22
2. White Label ATM
;g oSls ATM gSa ftudh LFkkiuk NBFC djrs gSa mnkgj.k Lo:i&TATA IndicashA
3. Pink Label ATM
;g oSls ATM gSa] ftudh LFkkiuk ek= efgykvksa ds mi;ksx ds mn~ns'; ls gksrh gSA
4. Greek Label ATM
;g oSls ATM gS] tks d`f"k ds mn~ns'; ls LFkkfir fd, tkrs gSa
5. Yello Label ATM
;s oSls ATM gS] ftudk mi;ksx E-commerce ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr bldk iz;ksx Online [kjhn ds mn~ns'; ls gksrk gSA
6. Orange Lable ATM
bldk iz;ksx 'ks;jksa dh online [kjhn&fcØh ds mn~ns'; ls fd;k tkrk gSA

CLEAN NOTE POLICY – 1999

Announced – 1999 (fjtoZ cSad }kjk)
y{;& ukxfjdksa dks ,d vPNh xq.koRrk ds uksV rFkk flDds Provide djukA dVs QVs uksV~l dks Circulation ls ckgj djukA
The Coinage Act, 2011 : ,d gtkj #i;s rd ds flDdks dks ekSfnz;dj.k dh vuqefr iznku dh x;hA

RBI ACT SECTION 21A

RBI All State Government

tEew vkSj d'ehj
Agreement NksM+dj
flfDde

?kjsyw iz.kkyhxr egRoiw.kZ cSad (D-SIBs)

Domestic Systemically Important Banks
Ÿ ;s cSad vkdkj esa cM+s gksrs gSa ftuesa Fail gksus ds de Chance gksrk gSA budk T;wfMf'k;y flLVe cgqr Complex (tfVy) gksrk gSA
buds Qsy gksus ls ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk ij cM+k Impact (izHkko) iM+rk gSA

Income (vk;)
1. Earned Income : ,d ,slh vk; tks tkWc ;k fctful ls dek;h x;h gksA
2. Passive Income : fdjk;k (rent) jks;YVht ,oa ,d fyfeVsM ikVuZjf'ki esa fgLlsnkjh ls izkIr vk;A
3. Portfolio Income : ykHkka'k C;kt o iw¡th ykHk ls izkIr vk;A

Mission Indradhanush 2.0 (fe'ku bUnz/kuq"k 2.0)

ih-ts- uk;d desVh dh vuq'kalk ij lkoZtfud cSadksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj ds fy;s foRr ea=ky; }kjk fe'ku banz/kuq"k 2-0 ykWUp fd;k x;kA
7 izko/kku gSa&
A Appointment (fu;qfDr)
B Bank board bureau (cSad cksMZ C;wjks)
C Capitalization (iwathdj.k) Financial services institutions Bureau (FSIB)
(foÙkh; lsok laLFkku C;wjks)
D De-stressing
E Empowerment (l'kfDrdj.k)
F Framework of accountability (mRrjnsfgrk ds fy;s Ýse odZ)
G Governance reforms (xousZl esa lq/kkj)
Note-
ljdkj us cSad cksMZ C;wjks dh txg FSIB dks Introduce fd;k gSA vc lkoZtfud cSadksa] chek QeZ ds Head FSIB ds }kjk pqus tk;saxsA
Ÿ ps;j eSu&Hkkuq izrki 'kekZ
Ÿ dk;Zdky & 2 lky

23
 SHG : Self Help Groups (Lo;a lgk;rk lewg)
Ÿ dksbZ lkoZHkkSfed lajpuk ugha gS (fdrus Hkh la[;k gks ldrh gS)
Ÿ SHG ,sfPNd laxBu gksrs gS] ftlds lnL; ,d tqV gksdj vkilh lg;ksx ls ,d lk>k fgr dks iwjk djus dk iz;kl djrs gSa os
vkilh lg;ksx ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSaA
Ÿ SHG dk lcls izpfyr Lo:i 5-15 efgykvksa dk lewg gSA
Ÿ Micro finance institutions (lw{e foRr laLFkku) (MFIs)
Ÿ MFI os laLFkku gS tks SHG dks yksu nsrs gSA
Ÿ 1992 esa NABARD us SHG dks cSadks ls tksM+us ds mn~ns'; ls SHG- Bank Linkage Programme izkjaHk fd;kA ,slh izfØ;kvksa dks vkxs
c<+kus ds mn~ns'; ls ukckMZ us 1998 esa Micro Credit Innovation Department dh LFkkiuk dhA bl foHkkx us 2 ftyksa esa izkstsDV E-
Shakti izkjaHk fd;kA bldk foLrkj /khjs&/khjs 100 ftyksa esa fd;k x;kA bldk mn~ns'; ns'k esa dk;Zjr SHGs dk dEI;wVjhdj.k gSA
Ÿ MFIs ,oa SHGs dks l'kDr djus ds mn~ns'; ls RBI us Y.H. Malegam ds usr`Ro esa ,d lfefr dk xBu fd;kA

24