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Revision 2

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متعب محمود
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Revision # 2 (Chapter 3A)


1. The drilling program proposal contains the following information:
• Objective of the Well
• Depth (m/ft Subsea), and Location (Longitude and Latitude) of Target
• Geological Cross section
• Pore Pressure Profile Prédiction
2. The drilling program contains the following:
• Drilling Rig
• Proposed Location
• Hole Sizes and Depths
• Casing Sizes and Depths
• Drilling Fluid Specification
• Directional Drilling Information
• Well Control Equipment and Procedures
• Bits and Hydraulics Program
3. Drill-bit drills through the rock under the combined effect of axial load and
rotation.
4. Rig Components are:
• Power System
• Hoisting system
• Circulating System
• Rotary System
• Well Control System
• Well Monitoring Equipment
5. Power generators generate power to electric motors connected to the
drawworks, rotary table and mud pumps.
6. The hoisting system is used to raise and lower the “drillstring” and
“casing” into and out of the well.
7. The circulating system is used to circulate drilling fluid down through the
drillstring and up the annulus, carrying the drilled cuttings from the face of
the bit to surface.
8. Drilling fluid (mud) is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material
(Barite) and chemicals.
9. The mud is pumped through the standpipe, kelly hose, swivel, kelly and
down the drillstring.
10. At the bottom of the hole the mud passes through the bit and then up the
annulus, carrying cuttings up to surface.
11. The drilled cuttings are removed from the drilling mud by Shale
Shaker.
12. Drilling fluid primary functions are:
• Remove cuttings from the Wellbore
• Prevent Formation Fluids Flowing into the Wellbore
• Maintain Wellbore Stability
• Cool and Lubricate the Bit
• Transmit Hydraulic Horsepower to Bit
13. The pressure in the wellbore will be equal to:
P = 0.052 x MW x TVD
where,
P = hydrostatic pressure (psi)
MW = mud density of the mud or mud weight (ppg)
TVD = true vertical depth of point of interest = vertical height of mud
column (ft)
14. The rotary system is used to rotate the drillstring, and therefore the
drillbit, on the bottom of the borehole.
15. The swivel has 3 functions:
• Supports the weight of the drill string
• Permits the string to rotate
• Allows mud to be pumped while the string is rotating
16. The kelly is the first section of pipe below the swivel.
17. The rotary table is located on the drill floor and can be turned in both
clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
18. The function of the well control system is to prevent the uncontrolled
flow of formation fluids from the wellbore.
19. Any influx of formation fluids (oil, gas or water) in the borehole is
known as a kick.
20. Blow out preventers (BOPs) must be installed to cope with any kicks
that may occur.
21. Drilling parameters such as: WOB, RPM, pump rate, pump pressure, gas
content of mud are monitored while drilling.
22. The drill-string consists of:
1. Drilling Bit
2. Drill-pipe
3. Drill-collars
4. The Kelly
5. Stabilizers and Reamers
23. The functions of the drill-string are:
1. To suspend the bit
2. To transmit rotary torque from the kelly to the bit
3. To provide a conduit for circulating drilling fluid to the bit
24. The drilling bit is the cutting tool which is made up on the end of the
drill-string.
25. The performance of a bit is a function of several operating parameters,
such as:
1. Weight On Bit (WOB)
2. Rotations Per Minute (RPM)
3. Mud properties
4. Hydraulic efficiency
26. Drill-pipe is the major component of the drill-string. It constitutes 90-
95% of the entire length of the drill-string.
27. Drill-collars are tubulars which have a much larger outer diameter and
smaller inner diameter than drill-pipe. The drill-collars have a thicker wall
than drill-pipe.
28. The function of drill collars are:
1. To provide enough weight on bit.
2. To keep the drill-string in tension.
3. To provide stiffness in the BHA for directional control.
29. If gas and oil flowed up onto the floor of the drilling rig, they could
catch fire, causing a blowout.
30. The well is drilled in sections, with each section of the well being sealed
off by lining the inside of the borehole with steel pipe, known as Casing.
31. Casing types are:
1. Conductor Casing
2. Surface Casing
3. Intermediate Casing
4. Production Casing
32. Well Completion is the interface between the reservoir and surface
production.
33. After confirming cement quality to be sufficient to isolate the different
formations, the interested zone will be perforated.
34. After the well is perforated for production, tubing is run into the well
and it is normally produced through tubing.
35. Completion Types are:
1. Open hole completion
2. Cased hole completion

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