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Lecture-3

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Lecture-3

Uploaded by

dr.deepika.nith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Three Phase Induction Motors

Lecture No-3
Dr. R. Roy
Dean of Engineering and Technology
SRM University, Delhi-NCR
Sonepat
Applications of Three-phase Induction
Motors
 1. Squirrel cage induction motors: These motors are mechanically robust
and are operated almost at constant speed. These motors operate at high
power factor and have high over load capacity.
 However, these motors have low starting torque. (i.e., these motors
cannot pick-up heavy loads) and draw heavy current at start.
 On the bases of these characteristics, these motors are best suited for:
 (i) Printing machinery
 (ii) Flour mills
 (iii) Saw mills
 (iv) Shaft drives of small industries
 (v) Pumps
 (vi) Prime-movers with small generators etc.
2. Slip-ring (or phase-wound) induction
motors:
 These motors have all the important characteristics (advantage) of
squirrel cage induction motors and at the same time have the ability to
pick-up heavy loads at start drawing smaller current from the mains.

 Accordingly these motors are best suited for:-


 (i) Rolling mills
 (ii) Lifts and hoists
 (iii) Big flour mills
 (iv) Large pumps
 (iv) Line shafts of heavy industries
 (vi) Prime-moves with medium and large generators.
Comparison of Squirrel Cage and Phase
Wound Induction Motors
Necessity of a starter
 When a 3-phase supply is given to the 3-phase wound stator of an
induction motor, a rotating field is developed.

 By induction, an emf is induced in the rotor conductors, torque develops


and rotor starts rotating.

 But, if the motor is directly switched on to the supply, it draws heavy


current from the mains due to inertia of rotor.

 Thus, a device is required to limit the inrush flow of current at the start,
called starter.
Necessity of a Starter
Contd.
 This current is very large as compared to its full load current. Thus, when a
squirrel cage induction motor is directly connected to the supply mains, it
draws very large current (nearly 5 to 7 times of the full load current) from
the mains.

 This heavy current may not be dangerous for the motor because it occurs
for a short duration of time, but it causes the following affects:

 (i) It produces large voltage drop in the distribution lines and thus affects
the voltage regulation of the supply system.

 (ii) It adversely affects the other motors and loads connected to the same
lines.
Contd.
 Hence it is not advisable to start large capacity induction motors by
direct switching.

 Rather, such motors should be started by means of some starting device


known as starter.

 The function of a starter is to limit the initial rush of current to a


predetermined value.

 A starter also has some protective devices to protect the induction


motors against over loading.
Star-Delta Starter
 This method is based upon the principle that in star connections, voltage
across each winding is phase voltage i.e., 1/ √3 times the line voltage,
whereas the same winding when connected in delta will have full line
voltage across it.

 So at start, connections of the motor are made in star fashion so that


reduced voltage is applied across each winding.

 After the motor attains speed the same windings through a change-over
switch, as shown in Fig. are connected in delta across the same supply.

 The starter is provided with overload and under voltage protection


devices also.
Contd.
Contd.
Contd.
Merits

 It is a simple, cheap, effective and most efficient method of starting of


squirrel cage induction motors.
 It is the most suitable method of starting for high inertia and long
acceleration loads.
 However, it suffers from the following demerits.
Demerits
 1. All the six terminals of the stator winding are to be brought out to
starter through six leads and the motor has to be operated in delta.
 2. The starting current can only be limited to 1/3rd of the short circuit
current.
 3. Starting torque developed by the motor is reduced to 1/3rd which is
very low to pick the load.

 Accordingly, such starters are employed with the squirrel cage induction
motors having capacity 4 kW to 20 kW.
Precautions
 To start the motor, the handle is operated to start position i.e., to
connect the motor winding in star.

 Keep the handle in this position till the motor picks-up speed to 70% of
its rated value.

 Only after that shift the handle to run position (i.e., delta connection),
otherwise there will be heavy sparking at the starter terminals.

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