Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief

Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

Province Government
Ministry of Physical Infrastructure Development
Transportation Infrastructure Directorate (TID)
Infrastructure Development Office (IDO)
Province-01, Biratnagar, Nepal

Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil

Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief Environmental Study
Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare
Municipality, Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-
079/80)

Volume I - Main Report

Consultant:
Sabitri Engineering Services and Construction Pvt. Ltd.
Changunarayan-07, Bhaktapur
Contact No: 98526555953
Email: [email protected]
2023
1
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

Salient Features
Particulars Required information / number / value(s)
Name of the Project: Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering
Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design
and Brief Environmental Study Detail of Gohi
Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari
Sanischare Municipality, Morang (RFP No.:
IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

Location:
Province Province-01
District Morang
Municipality Pathari Sanischare Municipality
Name of the Bridge: Gohi Holi Bridge
Origin and Destination of the Road …
Chainage of the Bridge Site …
Geographical Location:
Easting: 87.580961°
Northing: 26.622137°
Elevation: Around 90.04 m asl

Classification of the Road Local Road

Type of the Road surface Gravel

Terrain/ Geology Terai

Information on structure:
Total length of the bridge 35 m
Span Arrangement 1 x 35 m (Single Span)
Total width of the bridge: 8.40 m
Width of:
Carriageway: 6.0 m
Footpath(s): 1.2 m (Including Kerbs)
Railing Post including
bearing
Type of superstructure: RCC T-Beam (Prestressed)
Type of bearings: Elastomeric Bearing
Type of abutments: Rectangular RCC with cantilever return wall
Type and depth of foundations: Pile Foundation (Depth of Pile 20m)
Sketches: Refer General Arrangement Drawing

Design data:
Live load: IRC Class A & 70R
Net bearing capacity /Pile Capacity 1610.00 kN
Design discharge 62.01 m3/s
Linear waterway 37.97 m
2
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

Table of Contents
Salient Features..........................................................................................................................3
1 Project Introduction.............................................................................................................7
1.1 Project Location...........................................................................................................7
1.2 Objectives of Study.....................................................................................................7
1.3 Methodology:..............................................................................................................8
2 Bridge Site...........................................................................................................................8
2.1 Background:................................................................................................................8
2.2 Location Map:.............................................................................................................9
2.3 Access to Site:.............................................................................................................9
2.4 River Characteristic:..................................................................................................10
3 Detail Engineering Survey................................................................................................10
3.1 Topographical Survey:..............................................................................................10
3.2 Benchmark and Control Points:.................................................................................11
3.3 Construction Material:...............................................................................................12
3.4 Land and Property Acquisition:.................................................................................12
4 Chapter 4: Geology and Geomorphology........................................................................12
4.1 Regional Geology:.....................................................................................................12
4.2 Seismological Study:.................................................................................................13
5 Chapter 6: Bridge Design Basis........................................................................................14
5.1 Selection of bridge type:............................................................................................14
5.2 Number of Lanes and Carriageway width:................................................................14
5.2.1 Design Loads and Bridge Standards:.................................................................14
5.2.2 Self-Weight........................................................................................................14
5.2.3 Live Load...........................................................................................................14
5.2.4 Seismic forces....................................................................................................14
5.2.5 Load Combination..............................................................................................15
5.2.6 Codes to be adopted for design..........................................................................15
5.3 Design Principle and Material Used..........................................................................16
5.4 Design Approach.......................................................................................................16
5.4.1 Design of RCC T-Beam Bridges........................................................................16
3
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

5.5 Proposed Bridge Parameters......................................................................................16

4
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Location Map of Bridge Site in Map of Nepal........................................................9

5
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

1 Project Introduction
1.1 Project Location
This report is produced as per an agreement to carry out the Consulting Services for Detailed
Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief Environmental Study
Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality, Morang
(RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80) was signed between Infrastructure
Development Office (IDO), Biratnagar and Sabitri Engineering Services and Construction
Pvt. Ltd., Changunarayan-03, Bhaktapur, Nepal. In the process of investigation and design
we have followed the TOR provided by the IDO as well as relevant standards and prevailing
procedures as closely as possible. As per agreement the reporting will be submitted as
follows;

Volume I: The main report contents brief description of site selection, detailed hydrological
analysis, geology and morphology, Design approach etc.

Volume II: Detailed design drawing, topographical map, specific construction procedure and
construction material specification presented.

Volume III: Detailed design calculation report in which all design calculation is presented in
this report.

1.2 Objectives of Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the flood discharge that needs to pass safely
under the bridge. However, the objectives are defined in more specific way as below:

 Review and Study of norms followed, design criteria and bridge design of the existing
bridges.
 Develop planning and implementation modality.
 A letter from Division office for the final site selection of the bridge.
 Detailed Engineering Study and Survey.
 Technical Feasibility study; Bridge Site Selection; Topographical Survey; Subsurface
Exploration; Seismological Study; Hydrological Study; Consideration on
Environment Protection; Analysis of Data, Conclusion and Recommendation of
Design Parameters.
 Detailed design and quantity/cost estimates.
 Preparation of Detailed Drawings of Bridge and its design components.
 Preparation Detailed Project Reports.
 Preparation of Documents for Users and Bidding purpose.
 Quality control plans of procurement of bridge materials.
 Recommend required Technical and Social Organizational Support to the Division
office and Community to plan and implement during the construction.
 Support to the Division office during the layout of the bridge construction.

6
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

1.3 Methodology:
To achieve the specified goal, the work is started from desk study. After gathering
information regarding the bridge site, design team had mobilized to the site for bridge site
selection. The survey team and geo tech team are mobilized for detail engineering survey and
geo technical investigation as per instructions from the bridge design team.

Feasibility study and preliminary design reports which was prepared after the detail
engineering survey, geo technical investigation and completion of detail hydrological
analysis. Also bridge span and bridge type selection at time of feasibility study report. As per
the outcomes of discussions on feasibility study and preliminary design with client, bridge
engineer, geologist and geo tech engineer corrected final reports submitter within contract
duration.

2 Bridge Site
2.1 Background:
The proposed River bridge site is located at Pathari Sanischare Municipality, Morang district
of Province-01. The proposed bridge lies near to Kirati Chowk at Pathari Sanischare
Municipality, Province-01. The transportation is the back bone of development, for
landlocked country like Nepal major transportation system is road network. But the crossing
and cross drainage structure play vital role for all weather road. Hence construction of
bridges makes all weather accessibility to villages and for the continuation as well as growth
of economic activities within the area.

The location of bridge site is

Longitude : 87.580961°

Latitude : 26.622137°

Total catchment area of the river up to bridge site is 5.85 sq km. The catchment area is
covered with less than 80% of agriculture land and forest area, remaining is covered with
forest on higher ground. The highest elevation of catchment of river is 156m.

7
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

2.2 Location Map:

Figure 1-1: Location Map of Bridge Site in Map of Nepal

2.3 Access to Site:

The site can be reached from Gumba Danda along East West Highway. It is around 200m
towards East from Pathari Sanischare Road.

Photo: Google Image of the Bridge Site

8
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

2.4 River Characteristic:

River is a seasonal river and flow generates from the jungle itself of that region. This river
originates from the chure range of the wet land Jungle itself. This river has maximum
elevation of 156m and minimum elevation of 128m from M.S.L. The catchment area is
5.85Sq. km. This river is perennial but flashy which carries a discharge during rainy seasons
but river discharge is always constant at dry seasons. So, during monsoon immediately after
the rainfall discharge in the river is high which blocks the transport.

Major River System of Nepal

3 Detail Engineering Survey

3.1 Topographical Survey:
Tachometric survey was carried out to prepare the topographical map of the bridge site area
with tachometric survey and levelling. The area covered by the survey was 500m upstream
and 200m downstream from the proposed bridge axis. Similarly, 100 to 200m bandwidth on
right bank and 100 to 200m bandwidth on left bank were also surveyed. The site plan was
prepared in 1:1000 and presented. The topographical Map is attached in annex. The following
features are shown in the site plan.

 Existing configuration of the river and approach roads.

 Bench marks
 Bridge axis
 Location of bore holes

9
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

 Contour at an interval of 1m.

A closed traverse survey of baseline stations and traverse points was carried out starting from
accepted primary control points using TOTAL STATION. Reciprocal linear measurements
and two sets of angular measurements were taken between two consecutive baseline
stations/traverse points. The traverse survey is also provided horizontal control for surveys. In
order to enable a single coordinate system, the baseline stations and traverse points were
connected with national survey grid, if available in the area.

3.2 Benchmark and Control Points:

The Bridge axis and benchmarks are established before starting of survey, two permanent
benchmarks are marked on both banks of the river. The location of these benchmarks in the
bridge site are shown in drawing. These benchmarks have been also used as main control
points for site survey work. After fixing the benchmarks, bridge axis points were fixed at
both bank of the river.

The size of bench mark is 15cm X 15cm X 50cm long nails embedded flushed with top
surface and made of 1:2:4 cement concrete. The upper surface of the monuments is 5cm
above natural ground surface. Apart from this supplementary control points were established
at intermediate inter visible locations. Additional offset survey point was established as
required to get the detail topographic features of the proposed area. Benchmarks were fixed
on permanent embedded stone block in both banks. Both stations A and B were fixed in
permanent embedded stone blocks along bridge axis on both banks to make permanent
reference points. The three reference points for each station A and B were also fixed.

The topographic map is prepared using data of the survey using the SW_DTM software and
AutoCAD.

The Topographic map shows the following:

 Contours at 1(one) m. intervals.

 Flood lines on either side of the river in the entire area surveyed.
 Lines with spot levels along which the bed slope of the river is taken
 Both banks of the river
 Lines along which cross section of the river is taken
 Govt. and/or public establishments
 BMs and/or points with respect to which the present topo map is prepared.
 The Names of the nearest identifiable villages/towns etc. in either ends of the bridge.
 Other information relevant to design, construction and/or maintenance of the bridge.

The river cross section and profile are generated from the survey data using SW_DTM
software on AutoCAD.

10
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

3.3 Construction Material:

The construction materials required for construction of the bridge are available in Belauri
Bazar which is nearest market (5 Km) from the proposed bridge site. Similarly, all types of
skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labors are easily available.

3.4 Land and Property Acquisition:

The land for the bridge construction in both bank free land is available. The contractor can
also store all the construction material near bridge site. The earthen approach roads on the
both bank of the proposed bridge also have not required any land acquisition.

4 Chapter 4: Geology and Geomorphology

4.1 Regional Geology:
Regional geology in the Nepal Himalaya is divided into five geo- tectonic zones. These
zones, arranged latitudinal from north to south along the length of the country, are;

 Indo-Gangetic Plain or Terai Zone

 Sub-Himalayas or Siwaliks or Churia Zone
 Lesser Himalayan Zone
 Higher Himalayan Zone
 Tibetan-Tethys Zone

These zones are boarded and separated by their specific tectonic structures called thrusts. The
major tectonic setting of the Himalayas is briefly described hereunder.

Main Central Thrust (MCT)

This is the tectonic contact between the Higher Himalayas and Lesser Himalayas. It is a north
dipping thrust fault, which at one time was a convergent plate boundary. The MCT was
active during the early phases of Himalayan orogeny but is now considered to be less active
than Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). Based on historical records (1800’s to 1986 A.D.) the
largest earthquake recorded in the MCT zone was a 7.5 magnitude event in August 28, 1916.

Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)

This is the active tectonic contact between the Lesser Himalayas and the Siwaliks. The MBT
has been the source of very large earthquakes in the past. The maximum potential earthquake
in this feature has a magnitude of 8.0.

Himalayan Frontal Thrust or Main Frontal Thrust (HFT or MFT)

This is a tectonic feature located at the boundary of the Siwalik and the Terai. This fault is
also considered active. The maximum earthquake potential of this fault is 6.5 in magnitude.

The project area lies at Main Frontal Thrust (MBT).

11
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

4.2 Seismological Study:

The Himalayas are the product of continental collision of the sub-diction between the Indian
plate and Eurasia plate. The collision was initiated in the early Tertiary period and the
convergence between the two plates is estimated as 41-61 mm/yr. Nepal is located on the
boundary between the Indian and Eurasia plate, along which the relative shear strain of about
2 cm per year has been estimated. The existence of Himalaya range with the world’s highest
peak in evidence is the continued tectonic activities beneath the country. Therefore, Nepal is
seismically very active.

The development of longitudinal thrust faults and strike slip transverse faults are the results
of continued sub-diction of Indian plate underneath the Eurasia plate. This process is
continuing which is evidence by the lifting of Himalayas and occurrence of frequent
earthquakes of various magnitudes. In Nepal earthquakes have occurred periodically and
there have been several devastating earthquakes within this century. Therefore, the seismic
parameters required as input in the design of bridge foundation structure, are very significant
and should consider very carefully.

The epicenter map of Nepal exhibits the majority of earthquakes occurrence in a zone that
passes through the Midland Mountain Region of Nepal. This zone runs NW-SE directions as
a longitudinal trend of Nepal. The region beneath the high concentration of earthquake
epicenter is considered to be high stress accumulation zone for the source of earthquake in
Nepal.

The information of historical and instrumentally recorded earthquakes in Nepal and India are
available around project area. Major earthquake events occur with magnitude 7.

12
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

5 Chapter 6: Bridge Design Basis

5.1 Selection of bridge type:
Selection of suitable type of bridge is one of important and difficult subject. It depends upon
the specific site conditions. In our case, the proposed site has following characteristics:

1) Length requirement 32.40 m long

2) Probability of coming large sediments during flood is mild.
3) Traffic volume will be high after the Construction of Bridge

Based on these characteristics of the proposed bridge site, suitability of different types of
bridges i.e., RCC, Arch, and Truss bridges, Cable–stayed bridges and Suspension bridges can
be analysed. For this bridge site RCC Prestressed T-Beam is the most suitable. Regarding the
available construction technology and availability of construction material single span RCC
Prestressed T-Beam has been proposed for the site.

5.2 Number of Lanes and Carriageway width:

The lane number and carriageway width are adopted as per NRS and DoLIDAR Road and
Bridge Standards for this purpose bridge. Hence our consultant team recommend to following
geometrical parameters for superstructure design are listed below;

a. Carriageway Width = 6.0m

b. Footpath including Kerb Width = 1.2m both side
c. Total width of bridge deck = 8.4 m

5.2.1 Design Loads and Bridge Standards:

As per Term of Reference, the bridge is designed based on IRC relevant codes. For design
load IRC 6:2017 used and verified with Nepal Road Standards 2027 DESIGN CRITERIA at
the same time.

5.2.2 Self-Weight
Self-weight of the bridge components is calculated as per the actual size and unit weight of
materials used as per IRC.

5.2.3 Live Load

The live load used in design is based on IRC 6:2017, the type of loading mainly depends on
carriageway width. As the carriageway width is greater than 5.3m, one lane of IRC CLASS
70R and two lane of IRC CLASS A are considered. The footpath width assumed loaded with
500 Kg/m2.

5.2.4 Seismic forces

IRC broadly classified five seismic zone and Nepal considering lies in zone V. Horizontal as
well as Vertical seismic forces should be considered during design of bridge. According to

13
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

prevailing Nepal Road standard, Horizontal Load =0.18G and Vertical Load = 0.075G should
be considered.

5.2.5 Load Combination

All members shall be designed to safely sustain the most critical combination of various loads
and forces that can coexist. Various load combinations as relevant with increase in
permissible stresses considered in the design shall be as IRC: 6-2017 and IRC: 112-2011.

5.2.6 Codes to be adopted for design

Following codes have been used for the preliminary design of the structures

 IRC: 5-2015 - Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road bridges, Section I
– General Features of Design
 IRC:6-2017 - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road bridges, Section
I – General Features of Design
 IRC:7-1971 - Recommended Practice for Numbering Bridges and Culverts (First
Revision)
 IRC: 112-2011 –Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges
 IRC: 22-2008 - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VI – Composite Construction (Limit States Design) (Second Revision)
 IRC: 24-2010 - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Steel
Road Bridges (Limit State Method)Third Revision)
 IRC:45-1972 - Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the
Maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well
 IRC: 54-1974 - Lateral and Vertical Clearances at Underpasses for Vehicular Traffic
 IRC: 78-2000 - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VII – Foundations & Substructure (Second Revision)
 IRC: 83-1999 (Part I) - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX – Bearing, Part I: Metallic Bearing (First Revision)
 IRC:83-2002 (Part III) - Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
bridges, Section IX – Bearings, Part III: POT, POT-CUM-PTFE, PIN and Metallic
Guide Bearings
 IRC: 87-1984 – Guidelines for the Design and Erection of False work or Road
Bridges.
 IRC:89-1997 - Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training & Control
Works for Road Bridges (First Revision)
 BD 37/88 - (British loading)
 BS 5400 - Part IX (For design of POT/POT-PTFE Bearings)
 IRC: SP: 13-2004 Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges & Culverts (First
Revision)
 IRC: SP: 18-1978 - Manual for Highway bridge Maintenance Inspection
 IRC: SP: 35-1990 - Guidelines for Inspection and Maintenance of Bridges

14
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

 IRC: SP: 40-1993 - Guidelines on Techniques for strengthening and Rehabilitation of

Bridges
 IRC: SP: 47-1998 - Guidelines on Quality Systems for Road Bridges (Plain
Reinforced, Pre-stressed and Composite Concrete

5.3 Design Principle and Material Used

The design calculations are based on limit state method based on IRC Standards
Specifications and Codes of Practice for Roads & Bridges. The minimum grade of concrete is
limited to M20 while all reinforcing steel will be Fe415 grade of steel. Based on general
practice, the grades of concrete used in different elements are given below.

For Super Structures - M45

For Approach slab, kerbs, railing post - M25

For Pile and Pile Cap - M35

For Sub Structures - M 30

5.4 Design Approach

5.4.1 Design of RCC T-Beam Bridges
The deck slab is designed as the slab panel supported in four directions. Pieugads method is
used for the distribution of load and the curves are used for analysis. The girders are designed
as the T-beam and the abutments are designed as a cantilever beam.

5.5 Proposed Bridge Parameters

After considering all aspect of bridge type selection criteria to various relevant factors,
Prestressed Concrete Bridge with following parameters is recommended for construction at
the site.

Bridge Information:

Total length of the Bridge 32.40 m

Span arrangement Single Span (35m X 1)

Total width of the Bridge 8.4 m

Carriageway 6.0 m

Footpath/ Kerb width 1.2 m both sides

15
Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering Survey, Soil Investigation and Detailed Design and Brief
Environmental Study Detail of Gohi Holi River Motorable Bridge at Pathari Sanischare Municipality,
Morang (RFP No.: IDO/MOR/BRIDGE/RFP/04-079/80)

HYDROLOGY

16