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Unit 1 Introduction to Chemic

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Unit 1 Introduction to Chemic

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powergenerationfc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Unit 1: Introduction to Chemical Engineering and Technology

Short Questions

1. Difference between laminar and turbulent flow:

Laminar Flow: Smooth and orderly, layers of fluid slide past one
another without mixing.

Turbulent Flow: Chaotic and irregular with eddies and vortices.

Key Difference: Laminar occurs at lower velocities, while turbulent


occurs at higher velocities.

2. Life-saving application involving chemical engineers:

Chemical engineers contribute to designing ventilators, oxygen


concentrators, and manufacturing essential drugs, such as insulin
and vaccines.

3. Process flow diagram (PFD):

PFD visually represents major equipment and processes in a


chemical plant. It shows the relationships and flow paths of
materials and energy.

4. What are chemical engineers, and how are they different from
other engineers?

Chemical Engineers: Solve problems related to material


transformation using principles of chemistry, physics, and
mathematics.
Difference: They focus on processes involving chemical reactions
and mass/energy transfer, unlike civil or mechanical engineers
who deal with structures and machines.

5. Continuous process (example):

Definition: A production process where materials flow


continuously through the system.

Example: Oil refining – crude oil enters, and products like gasoline
are continuously produced.

6. History and evolution of chemical engineering:

History: Began in the late 19th century with the industrial


revolution.

Evolution: Progressed from batch processes to advanced


automation and sustainability-focused designs.

Long Questions

1. Simplified process diagrams:

Examples: Block Flow Diagram (BFD) and Process Flow Diagram


(PFD).

Explanation: PFD includes major equipment, flow streams, and


operating conditions.

Example: A simple distillation process where a mixture is


separated into components.
2. Energy from fusion:

Fusion energy mimics the sun’s energy generation process.

Chemical engineers contribute to materials that can withstand


extreme temperatures and in designing reactors.

3. Mass transfer operations:

Distillation: Separates mixtures based on boiling points.

Drying: Removes moisture from solids or gases.

Filtration: Separates solids from liquids using a filter.

4. Fundamental topics for chemical engineers:

Thermodynamics, reaction engineering, process control, mass and


heat transfer, materials science, environmental engineering, and
economics.

5. Why chemical engineers are universal engineers:

They apply multidisciplinary knowledge, enabling them to work in


diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, energy, and food
processing.

6. Symbols in PFD:

Examples: Heat exchanger (two parallel lines), pump (circle with a


triangle), and mixer (two intersecting lines).
7. Grand challenges solved by chemical engineers:

Examples:

Development of clean water technologies.

Efficient fertilizer production.

8. Historical achievements:

Development of Haber-Bosch process for ammonia.

Production of synthetic polymers like nylon.

Advances in drug manufacturing.

9. Chemical engineers in medicine:

They contribute to drug synthesis, vaccine production, and


medical devices like drug delivery systems.

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