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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties G-11 Answerkey

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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties G-11 Answerkey

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ashish_chennai
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Topic – Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Grade -11 CBSE Max marks- 35 Time-1 hr


Question 1-5 carries 1 mark each[5]

1. Predict the position of the element in the periodic table satisfying the
electronic configuration (n−1)d1ns2(n−1)d1ns2 for n=4.

Ans: Put the value of n = 4 in the general equation (n−1)d1ns2(n−1)d1ns2


i.e. (4−1)d1ns2=3d1ns2(4−1)d1ns2=3d1ns2

3d group elements lies in fourth period and in III B group.

2. What is the general outer electronic configuration of f – block elements?

Ans: The general outer electronic configuration of f – block elements is


shown in this way (n−2)f1−14(n−1)d0−10ns2(n−2)f1−14(n−1)d0−10ns2.

3. Arrange the following elements in the increasing order of metallic


character: Si, Be, Mg, Na, P.

Ans: P > Si > Be > Mg > Na

4. The order of screening effect of the electrons of s, p, d and f orbitals for


the given shell of an atom on their outer shell electrons will:

(i) s > p > d > f

(ii) f > p > s > d

(iii) p < d < s > f

(iv) f > d > p > s

Answer 3: Option (i) is the correct answer.

5. Assertion (A): Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as we go


down a group.

Reason (R): The size of the atom increases on going down the group, and
the added electron would be farther from the nucleus.

(i) Assertion and reason both were correct statements, but the reason is
not the correct explanation for the assertion.

(ii) Assertion and reason both were correct statements, and the reason is
the correct explanation for the assertion.

(iii) Assertion and reason both were wrong statements.

(iv) The assertion was the wrong statement, but the reason was the correct
statement.
Answer 45. (iv) The assertion was the wrong statement, but the reason was
the correct statement.

Question 6-12 carries 2 mark each[12]

6.Nitrogen possesses the positive electron gain enthalpy, whereas the


oxygen possesses the negative. But oxygen has lower ionisation enthalpy
than nitrogen. Explain.

Answer 24:The ionisation enthalpy of oxygen is lower than that of nitrogen


as when we remove one electron from the oxygen then it easily donates it
to attain half-filled stability; however, in the case of nitrogen, it is difficult
to remove one electron because it already has half-filled stability and it will
become unstable after that.

7. Among alkali metals which element can be least electronegative and


why?

Answer 29:

Caesium is the least electronegative alkali metal because electronegativity


decreases as we move from top to bottom due to increase in size.. Caesium
is the group 1 element and lies down the group because it has the largest
size due to the decrease in the effective nuclear charge.

8. Arrange the following elements N, P, O and S in the order of-

(i) increasing first ionisation enthalpy.

(ii) increasing non-metallic character.

Answer 31:

(i) S< P< O< N is the accurate, increasing order of the first ionisation
enthalpy.

On going down the group, the ionisation enthalpy decreases, and as we


move along the period, then it increases; however, in the case of oxygen
and nitrogen, because of the half-filled stability of 2p orbitals of nitrogen,
it has the higher ionisation enthalpy than oxygen.

(ii) P<S<N<O is the accurate, increasing order of non-metallic Moving


down the group, we will see non-metallic character decrease as the
effective nuclear charge on the outermost shell decreases, which helps to
gain an electron. The effective nuclear charge increases moving along the
period, increasing the non-metallic character.

9.Give the main features of p-block elements.

Ans: Those elements whose last electron will enter the p subshell which is
its outermost energy shell are called p-block elements. It contains
elements of groups 13-18. The general configuration of p-block elements is
ns2np1−6ns2np1−6, p subshell can contain maximum 6 electrons.
10.Why does lithium form a covalent bond, unlike another alkali which
forms an ionic bond?

Ans: Lithium forms a covalent bond which is different from other group
members this type of anomalous behaviour of Li can be explained on the
basis of its small size, large charge/radius ratio and has high
electronegativity value. Orbital available for bonding of Li is given as
1s22s1.

11. Consider the following species:


N3-, O2-, F–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+
(a) What is common in them?
(b) Arrange them in order of increasing ionic radii?
Answer: (a) All of them are isoelectronic in nature and have 10 electrons
each.
(b) In isoelectronic species, greater the nuclear charge, lesser will be the
atomic or ionic radius.
Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2- < N3-

12. Which of the following pairs of elements would have a move negative
electron gain enthalpy? (i) O or F (ii) F or Cl.

Answer: (i) O or F. Both O and F lie in 2nd period. As we move from O to F


the atomic size decreases.
Due to smaller size of F nuclear charge increases.
Further, gain of one electron by
F —> F–
F~ ion has inert gas configuration, While the gain of one electron by
0->O–
gives CT ion which does not have stable inert gas configuration,
consequently, the energy released is much higher in going from
F ->F–
than going from O —>O–
In other words electron gain enthalpy of F is much more negative than that
of oxygen.
(ii) The negative electron gain enthalpy of Cl (∆ eg H = – 349 kj mol-1) is
more than that of F (∆ eg H = – 328 kJ mol -1).
The reason for the deviation is due to the smaller size of F. Due to its small
size, the electron repulsions in the relatively compact 2p-subshell are
comparatively large and hence the attraction for incoming electron is less
as in the case of Cl.

Question 13-16 carries 3 mark each[9]

13. Predict the formulas of the stable binary compounds that would be
formed by the combination of the following pairs of elements:

(a)Lithium and oxygen

(b) Magnesium and nitrogen

(c) Aluminium and iodine

(d) Silicon and oxygen


(e) Phosphorous pentafluoride

(f) Element 71 and fluorine.

Answer: (a) Li02(Lithium oxide) (b) Mg3N2(Magnesium nitride)


(c) AlI3(Aluminium iodide) (d) Si02 (Silicon dioxide)
(e) Phosphorous and fluorine (f) Z = 71
The element is Lutenium (Lu). Electronic configuration[X e] 4
f7 5d1 6s2.with fluorine it will form a binary compound = Lu F3.

14. Describe the main features of Mendeleev’s periodic table?

Ans:

1. Mendeleev table is discovered by the scientist Mendeleev in which the


elements were arranged in vertical columns and horizontal rows. The
vertical columns are called groups while the horizontal rows are called
periods.

2. Total there are eight groups in this table represented as Group I to VIII.
The group numbers were designed with Roman numerals.

3. There are seven periods which accommodate more elements and the
period 4, 5, 6 and 7 are further divided into two halves. The first half of the
elements are placed in the upper left corner and the second half in the
lower right corner of each box.

15.Define electron gain enthalpy. What are its units? Discuss the factors
which influence the electron gain enthalpy.
Answer: Electron gain enthalpy is the energy released when an isolated
gaseous atom is converted into a negative ion by adding an extra electron.
Electron gain enthalpy is denoted by the sign∆egH.
The process may be represented by
M(g) + e– ———————>M– (g)
neutral gaseous atom anion
∆ H=∆eg H
electron gain enthalpy is negative or positive it depends upon the nature
of the element. For example. For halogens it is highly negative, because
they can acquire the noble gas configuration by accepting an extra
electron.
In contrast. For noble gases have positive electron gain enthalpy because
energy has to be supplied to the element.
Factors on which electron gain enthalpy depends:

1. Atomic size. As the size of an atom increases, the distance between


its nucleus and the incoming electron also increases. Therefore, the
force of attraction between the nucleus and the incoming electron
decreases and hence the electron gain enthalpy becomes less
negative.
2. Nuclear charge. As the nuclear charge increases force of attraction
for the incoming electron increases and thus electron gain enthalpy
becomes more negative.
3. Symmetry of electronic configuration. Elements having symmetrical
configuration (Either half filled or fully filled orbitals in the same sub
shell)
having no attraction for electron because by accepting electron their
configuration becomes less stable. In that case energy has to be
supplied to accept electron. Thus electron gain enthalpy will be
positive.

Question 17 carries 4 mark each [4]

17. Question 34. Explain the following:

(a) Electronegativity of the given elements increases as we move from left


to right in the periodic table.[2]

(b) Ionisation enthalpy decreases in a group from top to bottom?[2]

Answer 34:

(a) As we move left to right in the period, the size of the atoms decreases
because of the increase in the effective nuclear charges on the outermost
electron. As a result, the electronegativity of the elements increases as we
move along left to right in the periodic table.

(b) we move down the group, then the atomic size increases, which results
by the increase in the distance of the electrons in the outermost shell. As a
result, the effective nuclear charge decreases. That results in the decrease
of the ionisation enthalpy.

Question 18 carries 5 mark each [5]

18. (a)How does atomic radius vary in group in the periodic table?

(b)Explain

(i)Radius of cation is less than that of the atom.

(ii)Radius of anion is more than that of the atom.

(iii)In iso-electronic ion, the ionic radii decreases with increase in atomic
number.

Answer: (a) Variation of atomic radius in a group:


On moving down the group there is an increase in the principal quantum
number and therefore no. of electron shells increases and thus the atomic
size increases. Thus the atomic radii of the element increases.
(b) (i) Radius of cation is less than that of the atom:
Since the cation is formed by losing of one or more electrons.
For example,
Na —> Na++ e–
Thus the radius of Na will
+
be less than the Na.
(ii) Radius of anion is more than that of the atom.
Since the anion is formed by gaining one or more electron. Therefore, the
atomic radius is larger than the corresponding atom.
(iii) In iso-electronic ions, atoms have same number of electrons but
different magnitude of nuclear charges. As the nuclear charge increases
ionic radius decreases.
For example. N3-, O2-, F– have same No. of electrons = 10 but different ionic
radii = 171, 140, 136 respectively.

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