Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

6 Nutrition in humans

Note:
1 Answer ALL questions. Time and marks
2 Write your answers to Section A in the boxes next to Sections A & B: 35 mins / 30 marks
the questions, and your answers to Sections B and C in Sections A to C: 40 mins / 35 marks
the spaces provided below the questions.

Multiple-choice questions
A
(10 marks, 1 mark each)
Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the diagrams below, which show four types of teeth
and their positions in the lower jaw of a young adult.

1 With reference to the above diagrams, which of the following dental formulae correctly
describes the dentition of the individual?
A 223 B 2122
223 2122

C 2123 D 2212
2123 2212

2 The total number of tooth type (3) in the milk dentition is

A 0. B 2.

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

C 4. D 8.

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

Directions: Questions 3 to 5 refer to the diagram below, which shows the digestive system in
humans.

3 Peristalsis occurs in
A (3) only.
B (2) and (3) only.
C (2), (3) and (4) only.
D (2), (3), (4) and (6) only.

4 Which labelled part(s) of the digestive system produce(s) enzymes for the digestion of
carbohydrates?
A (1) only
B (5) only
C (5) and (6) only
D (1), (5) and (6) only

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

5 Which of the following are the functions of organ (1)?

(1) It stores iron and vitamins.
(2) It breaks down old red blood cells.
(3) It produces lipases for the digestion of lipids.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

6 In an experiment, four wells are made in a starch agar plate and each well is filled with a
different solution, as shown in the diagram below.

salivary amylase +
dilute hydrochloric acid
starch agar plate

boiled salivary 4 2 salivary amylase +

amylase distilled water

salivary amylase +
dilute sodium hydroxide

The agar plate is then incubated at 40 °C in an incubator for 120 minutes. Which of the
wells will have the largest clear zone after the plate is flooded with iodine solution?
A well 1
B well 2
C well 3
D well 4

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

7 The diagram below shows the cross section of a villus in the small intestine.

Which of the following correctly indicates the substances that can be found in vessels P and
Q?
Vessel P Vessel Q
A proteins fine lipid droplets
B glycerol glucose
C fine lipid droplets vitamin C
D fatty acids vitamin D

Directions: Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following experimental set-up.

At the beginning of the investigation, the water in the beaker and the solution mixture in the
dialysis tubing were sampled and underwent test X. This was repeated after 30 minutes.
The test results are shown in the table below.

Solution mixture in the

Water in the beaker
dialysis tubing
At the beginning – –
After 30 minutes + +

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

8 Which of the following could be test X?

(1) Benedict’s test
(2) iodine test
(3) testing using glucose test papers
A (1) only B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only

9 Which of the following processes is/are simulated by the experiment?

(1) osmosis
(2) digestion
(3) absorption
A (3) only B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only

10 The diagram below shows the blood supply of part of the digestive system of a man.

The man ate a large piece of meat. Which of the following correctly compares the
composition of blood in vessels X and Y?
Vessel X Vessel Y
A more insulin less insulin
B more urea less urea
C more bile less bile
D less lipids more lipids

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

Conventional questions
B
(20 marks)
1 The graph below shows the digestion of three types of food substances (X, Y and Z) along
the alimentary canal.

a Which curve represents the digestion of carbohydrates? Explain your answer.

(3 marks)

b Most digested food is absorbed in region Q. Describe and explain two features of
region Q that facilitate the absorption of digested food. (4 marks)

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

c Identify region R and state its main function. (2 marks)

2 The diagram below shows the structure of a villus in the small intestine of a healthy person.

cell Y

a Name structures X and Z. (2 marks)

b Describe how structure X and cell Y are involved in the absorption of lipids from
digested food. (3 marks)

c Coeliac disease (乳糜瀉) is an immune disorder that mainly affects the small intestine.
The most common symptom is diarrhoea. The diagram below shows a villus in the
small intestine of a patient with coeliac disease.

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Chapter test 6 Nutrition in humans

i With reference to the diagram, describe how the villus of the patient differs from
that of a healthy person. (2 marks)

ii Patients with coeliac disease absorb smaller amounts of digested food. Explain
how this could cause the patients to produce watery faeces. (4 marks)

Higher order thinking question

C
(5 marks)
3 The table below shows the nutrient contents of whole milk and soya milk.

Whole milk (per 100 mL) Soya milk (per 100 mL)
Carbohydrates (g) 5.0 1.7
Proteins (g) 3.3 2.9
Lipids (g) 3.3 1.7

a With reference to the table, suggest why patients with cirrhosis (肝硬化), a disease in
which healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue, are advised to switch from
whole milk to soya milk in order to avoid diarrhoea. (3 marks)

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Chapter test Answers

b The digestion of proteins in whole milk begins in the stomach. Describe how the
proteins are digested in other parts of the human alimentary canal. (2 marks)

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Chapter test Answers

Answers
A Multiple-choice questions
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 B

B Conventional questions
1 a Z 1
The digestion of Z begins in the mouth cavity. 1
Starch is broken down into maltose by salivary amylase. 1
b Region Q is very long. This allows sufficient time for the absorption of digested food. /
Its inner wall is highly folded. / There are numerous finger-like villi in its wall. / Its
epithelial cells have a large number of microvilli. This provides a large surface area for
food absorption. /
Its epithelial is very thin. This provides a short distance for diffusion. /
There are lacteal and network of capillaries in the villi. This allows absorbed food
molecules to be carried away quickly. /
Peristalsis occurs. This brings the digested food molecules into close contact with the
villi for absorption. (any 2) 2×2
c Large intestine / colon. 1
It absorbs some of the remaining water from the remains of food. 1
OR
Rectum. 1
It stores faeces temporarily. 1
2 a X: lacteal 1
Z: capillary 1
b Fatty acids and glycerol enter cell Y by diffusion. 1
In cell Y, they recombine into fine lipid droplets, 1
which then enter the lymph in structure X and are transported away. 1
c i The villus of the patient is shorter. /
There are fewer capillaries in the villus of the patient. /
The capillaries inside the patient’s villus are further away from the villus surface.
(any 2) 1×2
ii As a smaller amount of digested food is absorbed, the solute concentration in the
contents in the small intestine increases / the water potential decreases. 1
Hence, the water potential gradient between the contents in the small intestine and
the blood in the capillaries in the villi decreases. 1
Less water is drawn into the blood by osmosis. 1
The large intestine fails to absorb the large amount of water left in the remains of
food, making the faeces watery. 1

C Higher order thinking question

3 a Whole milk has a higher lipid content than soya milk. 1
Patients with cirrhosis have reduced / no bile secretion, and the emulsification of lipids
is reduced. 1
As a result, the chemical digestion of lipids by lipases may become less efficient.
A large amount of lipids may be unabsorbed, causing diarrhoea. 1

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Chapter test Answers

b In the small intestine, the proteases in the pancreatic juice catalyse the breakdown of
some proteins into peptides, and some peptides into amino acids. 1
The proteases in the cell membrane of the specialized cells in the epithelium of the
small intestine catalyse the breakdown of some peptides into amino acids. 1

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