CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

DETERMINATION OF
CONTENTS OF COLD
DRINKS

Presentation of
JUDITH KAVYA J
XII A
Roll no:12133
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank God, who has always been
my guidance and support all these years. I express my
heartfelt gratitude to our principal Rev.Bro.Robert
I would like to thank my Chemistry Teacher, Mrs. Lovelin
Philip, for giving me the opportunity to work on this
assignment and for believing in me. I would also like to thank
my classmates who have extended their moral support
throughout the course of this assignment. All of them were
ever ready to clear my doubts and help me with all the
necessary information and equipment.
My parents never ceased to believe in me. I thank them for
encouraging me, guiding me and being there to strengthen
me with confidence every time I felt weak or discouraged. I
would also like to express my gratitude to all those who
played a role directly and indirectly in the completion of this
assignment.

- J. JUDITH KAVYA
 CONTENTS
o INTRODUCTION
o THEORY
o AIM
o APPARATUS
o CHEMICALS REQUIRED
o DETECTION OF PH
o TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
o TEST FOR GLUCOSE
o TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
o TEST FOR ALCOHOL
o TEST FOR SUCROSE
o RESULT
o PRECAUTIONS
o CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in1952 but the Industrialization in India
marked its beginning with Launching of Limca and Gold spot by
parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks
was highly profitable and luring, many multinational companies
launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is
observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Fanta and
Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.

THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth
on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O) Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as: -
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 . It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of
the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed
in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The
main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20
% sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The
molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a
mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas
glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their
acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also
depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric
acid.
AIM
Comparative Study and Qualitative Analysis of different brands of
Cold Drinks Available in market.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
 Test Tubes
 Test Tube Holder
 Stop Watch
 Beaker
 Bunsen Burner
 pH Paper
 Tripod Stand
 China Dish

CHEMICALS REQUIRED
 Iodine Solution
 Potassium Iodide
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Lime Water
 Fehling’s A & B Solution
 Concentrated Nitric Acid
 Benedict Solution
 Ammonium Molybdate
DETECTION OF PH
Experiment: Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The change in
colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH
scale.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Colour Change pH Value
1 Coca Cola Pinkish 2–3
2 Sprite Dark Orange 3
3 Limca Light Orange 4
5 Fanta Orange 3-4

Inference:
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid
and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of different brand
are different due to the variation in amount of acidic content.
TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
Experiment :As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the
samples were passed through lime water. The lime water turned
milky.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Time Taken Conclusion
(sec)
1 Coca Cola 28 CO2 IS PRESENT
2 Sprite 20 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 Limca 38 CO2 IS PRESENT
4 Fanta 36 CO2 IS PRESENT

Inference:
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The
carbon

dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which

is responsible for its tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction:
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
1. Benedict’s Reagent Test : Small samples of cold drinks of different
brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent
were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of
reddish colour confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Reddish Colour Precipitate Glucose is Present
2 Sprite Reddish Colour Precipitate Glucose is Present
3 Limca Reddish Colour Precipitate Glucose is Present
4 Fanta Reddish Colour Precipitate Glucose is Present
Inference:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

2. Fehling’s Solution Test : Small samples of cold drinks of different

brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A
solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The test
tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown
precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose is Present
2 Sprite Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose is Present
3 Limca Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose is Present
4 Fanta Reddish Brown Precipitate Glucose is Present
Inference:
All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Experiment: Small samples of each brand of cold drinks
were taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate
followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it. The
solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Canary Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present
2 Sprite Canary Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present
3 Limca Canary Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present
4 Fanta Canary Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present

Inference:
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions.
Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Experiment: Small samples of each brand of cold drinks
were taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed by
Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was
added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water
bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
2 Sprite Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
3 Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
4 Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is Present
Inference:
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all
the cold drinks contain alcohol.

Chemical Reaction:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
Experiment: 5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until
changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of
sucrose in cold drinks.

Observation:
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Black Residue Sucrose is Present
2 Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is Present
3 Limca Black Residue Sucrose is Present
4 Fanta Black Residue Sucrose is Present
Inference:
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose
varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of
sucrose.

RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different
brands of cold drinks namely:

1. Coca Cola 2. Sprite 3. Limca 4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide.

All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of
different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic
of all the four brands taken.

Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the
maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the
minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
PRECAUTIONS
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are :

1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each
experiment.
3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any
possible damage.
4. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush
immediately with copious amounts of water.
5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you
leave your workstation.

CONCLUSION
Dis-advantages of cold drinks
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As
they contain sugar in large amount which cause problems
in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the
body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are
also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of
2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial
truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved
for highly conceive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are
very harmful to our body.
Uses of cold drinks
i.Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
ii.They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
iii.They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
iv. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove
grease from clothes.
v. They can loose a rusted bolt.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https//techiescientist.com
www.wikipedia.com
https//technotes.alconox.com
https//www.preclaboratories.com