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First World War

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22 views3 pages

First World War

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aneetaagnessajan
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10.

THE FIRST WORLD WAR


1.How the following factors led to the First World War?
a) Nationalism :

In the latter half of the 19 th century, the feeling of unity turned into extreme
pride which made the people of many countries believe that their country is
superior to other countries. This led to the development of aggressive
nationalism in Europe. Each nation thought about its own national interest
and did not care for the interest of the other nations . For example France
wanted to get back its province of Alsace and Lorraine from Germany. These
countries developed expansionist policies in the name of nationalism.
b) Imperialism :
England and France had built up a huge colonial empire in Asia and Africa. The
colonies were essential for their progress as thhe could provide raw materials
for their industries and markets for their finished products. The European
powers began to scramble for expanding their economic and political empire.
(If Nationalism and Imperialism together come include the explanation of a &
b)
c. Race for Armaments:
The mad race for armament which began soon after the Franco Prussian war
was one of the reasons which led to the First World War. Every major power
began stockpiling armaments in the name of self defence and preservation of
peace. If one country increased its armament other countries were compelled
to do the same. It filled atmosphere with fear and hatred.
d. Division of Europe :
Germany, Italy and Austria – Hungary formed Tripple Alliance.

Britain, France and Russia formed Tripple Entente. Thus the Europe was
divided into two hostile camps.
2.What was the immediate cause of the First World War?
Serajevo crisis was the immediate cause of the First World War. Archduke
Francis Ferndinand the heir to the throne of Austria Hungary was
assassinated at Serajevo on June 28, 1914. The assassination was organised
by a secret society called ‘Black Hand ‘or ‘Union of Death ‘formed by extremist
Serbian nationalists whose aim was to unite all Serbians into a single Serbian
State. Austria served an ultimatum on Serbia. Serbia accepted most of the
demands except those that would have led to the loss of her sovereignty.
Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28,1914. Russia started preparation for
the war to support Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia and on France.
3. State the results / consequences of the First World War.
a. Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany by the Allied Powers
b. To maintain peace and security and to prevent future World War the League
of Nations was founded in 1920.
c. Territorial Rearrangement

4. State the important terms of the Treaty of Versailles


a. The treaty declared Germany guilty of aggression.
b. Germany was required to pay an amount of 33 billion dollars to the Allies.
c. Germany had to cede her merchant ships to the Allies as compensation
d) Germany had to supply a huge quantities of coal to France,Italy and
Belgium for 10 years.
e. Rhine valley was to be demilitarise.

f. Thhe German territories West of Rhine valley was to be occupied by the


allied troops for 15 years.
g. Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France , Eupen- et-Malmedy to Belgium
and Schleswig to Denmark
h. Danzing became a Free Port in the Polish territory
i. Germany ceded the part of her pre-War territory to Denmark, Belgium,
Poland, Czechoslovakia and France.
j. The Saar coal mine was ceded to France for 15 years.

k. Germany lost all her colonies to the Allies- Britain, Belgium, South African
and Portugal.
l. German colonies in Pacific and the areas under her control in China were
given to Japan
m. German army was restricted to a force of one lakh soldiers, Navy was
limited to 15,000 men and 24 ships. The Air Force and submarines were
banned.
n. Belgium, Poland Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia became independent.
o. League of Nations was formed
5.What are the aims and objectives of League of Nations?
a. All the States of the world were prohibited from entering into any secret
treaties and alliances.
b. The member states were not supposed to maintain huge armies, warship
and destructive armaments
c. All States s were to respect each other’s independence.
d. All States were to refer their mutual disputes if any to the League of
Nations for peaceful settlement

e. The member States were to take necessary action as directed by the League
against any State which tried to disturb world peace and order.
f. The League of Nations was supposed to promote cultural, social and
economic cooperation among the member States

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