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Phonology, phonemes, phonetic alphabet

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Geazelle Xiandra Gallego
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19 views18 pages

Phonology Presentation.pptx

Phonology, phonemes, phonetic alphabet

Uploaded by

Geazelle Xiandra Gallego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sequential Constraints of

Phonemes

Presented by: Geazelle D. Gallego AB ENG 2A


What Are Phonemes?

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in


a language that can change the meaning of a
word.

Examples:

/b/ in 'bat' and /p/ in 'pat' (changes meaning)


/k/ in 'cat' and /g/ in 'gag' (changes meaning)
Sequential Constraints of
Phonemes
Sequential constraints refer to the rules or
restrictions determining which phonemes
can appear together in a language.

Examples:
English allows 'stop' (/s/ followed by /t/), but
not '*tpos' (/t/ followed by /p/)

English has /kl/ in 'clay', but not *'tk'.


Lexical Gaps

Lexical Gaps refer to the absence of words


for certain concepts or ideas in a language.
Accidental Gap

A non-existing word which is expected to


exist given the hypothesized morphological
rues of a particular language.

Examples:
Phonological Analysis

Phonological analysis is the study of how


sounds function in a particular language.

Steps in Phonological Analysis:

1. Identify Phonemes
2. Determine Sound Patterns
3. Analyze Sound Changes
Phonological Analysis
Phonological Analysis

One of the simplest but most effective


examples of phonological analysis involves
minimal pairs in English.

Minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases


that differ by only a single phoneme. These
pairs typically highlight the phonemic
inventory of a language, showing which
phonetic variations can be distinguished
within a lexical set.
Phonological Analysis
Phonological Analysis
Determining phonological rules is another
intriguing aspect of phonological analysis.
These rules describe predictable changes in
phonemes based on their phonetic
environment.
For instance, in English, the plural morpheme
'-s' can be pronounced differently depending
on the final sound of the noun.
Phonological Analysis
The Phonetic Alphabet
The Phonetic Alphabet
The Phonetic Alphabet
The Phonetic Alphabet
The Phonetic Alphabet
Identity of Speech Sounds
The science of phonetics aims to describe all
the sounds of all the world’s languages

Acoustic phonetics: focuses on the physical


properties of the sounds of language

Auditory phonetics: focuses on how listeners


perceive the sounds of language

Articulatory phonetics: focuses on how the


vocal tract produces the sounds of language

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