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Tom Unit 1 Mid 1 Answers

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Kandula Krishnarjun
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26 views

Tom Unit 1 Mid 1 Answers

Uploaded by

Kandula Krishnarjun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1A

5.8. Classification of Kinematic Pairs


The kinematic pairs may be classified according to the following considerations :
1. According to the type of relative motion between the elements. The kinematic pairs according
to type of relative motion between the elements may be classified as discussed below:
(a) Sliding pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one can
only slide relative to the other, the pair is known as a sliding pair. The piston and cylinder, cross-head
and guides of a reciprocating steam engine, ram and its guides in shaper, tail stock on the lathe bed
etc. are the examples of a sliding pair. A little consideration will show, that a sliding pair has a
completely constrained motion.
(b) Turning pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one can
only turn or revolve about a fixed axis of another link, the pair is known as turning pair. A shaft with
collars at both ends fitted into a circular hole, the crankshaft in a journal bearing in an engine, lathe
spindle supported in head stock, cycle wheels turning over their axles etc. are the examples of a
turning pair. A turning pair also has a completely constrained motion.
(c) Rolling pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one rolls
over another fixed link, the pair is known as rolling pair. Ball and roller bearings are examples of
rolling pair.
(d) Screw pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one element
can turn about the other by screw threads, the pair is known as screw pair. The lead screw of a lathe
with nut, and bolt with a nut are examples of a screw pair.
(e) Spherical pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected in such a way that one
element (with spherical shape) turns or swivels about the other fixed element, the pair formed is
called a spherical pair. The ball and socket joint, attachment of a car mirror, pen stand etc., are the
examples of a spherical pair.
2. According to the type of contact between the elements. The kinematic pairs according to
the type of contact between the elements may be classified as discussed below :
(a) Lower pair. When the two elements of a pair have a surface contact when relative motion
takes place and the surface of one element slides over the surface of the other, the pair formed is
known as lower pair. It will be seen that sliding pairs, turning pairs and screw pairs form lower pairs.
(b) Higher pair. When the two elements of a pair have a line or point contact when relative
motion takes place and the motion between the two elements is partly turning and partly sliding,then
the pair is known as higher pair. A pair of friction discs, toothed gearing, belt and rope drives, ball and
roller bearings and cam and follower are the examples of higher pairs.
3. According to the type of closure. The kinematic pairs according to the type of closure
between the elements may be classified as discussed below :
(a) Self closed pair. When the two elements of a pair are connected together mechanically in
such a way that only required kind of relative motion occurs, it is then known as self closed pair. The
lower pairs are self closed pair.
(b) Force - closed pair. When the two elements of a pair are not connected mechanically but
are kept in contact by the action of external forces, the pair is said to be a force-closed pair. The cam
and follower is an example of force closed pair, as it is kept in contact by the forces exerted by spring
and gravity.
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