CLASSIFICATION OF ANGLES:

Acute angle – angle less than 90 degrees

Obtuse angle – angle more than 90o but less than 180o
Reflex angle – angle more than 180o but less than 360o
Complementary angle – angles whose sum is 90o
Supplementary angle – angles whose sum is 180o

MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES:
1 degree = 60 min 1 min = 60 sec. 90 deg = 100 grad
�rad = 180 deg 1 rev = 2� rad = 360o = 2� rad = 400 grad = 6400 mills

RIGHT TRIANGLE
Six Trigonometric Functions: B

Sin A = a/c Csc A = c/a

c
Cos A = b/c Sec A = c/b a
Tan A = a/b Cot A = b/a
Pythagorean Theorem: c2 = a2 + b2 A b C
Perimeter = a + b + c
Where: a = opposite b = adjacent c = hypotenuse

II I
Sign of the function by Quadrant

+ +
Function I II III IV -

Sine + + - - +
- + -
Cosine + - - + +

Tangent + - + - III IV

Horizontal Plane
ANGLE OF ELEVATION B
Angle of elevation – is the angle above Line of Sight
Target

Observer
the horizontal plane of the observer
B Horizontal Plane
� = angle of elevation

ANGLE OF DEPRESSION Horizontal Plane

x
Angle of depression – is the angle below the
Observer
Line of Sight
horizontal plane of the observer Target

x Horizontal Plane

x angle of elevation

LOGARITHM
1. ���� � = 1 1. ��� � � = ���� / � 9. �� = �� then a = b

2. ���� 1 = 0 2. ��� � / � = ���� − ���� 10. � = ���� then x = a

3. ���� �� = � 3. ��� �� = ���� + ���� 11. � = ln �� then y = x

4. ����� = � �ℎ��, � = �� 4. ��� �� = ����� 12. Anti log = 1/Log

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND DECAY

X = Xo ekt
At half-life: x = xo / 2
X = amount at any period xo = original amount
k = constant t = time

RIGHT TRIANGLE
LOGARITHM: (note: use your calculator to easily solve logarithm’s)
Or substitute the given into the equation and choose kung saan tatama yung equation

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND DECAY

OBLIQUE TRANGLE
SINE LAW – Relates the sine of the angle
� � � � sin � � sin � � sin �
sin �
= sin � = sin � �
= sin � �
= sin � � = sin � A + B + C = 180o

AREA OF TRIANGLE:
1 1 1
� = 2 � � sin � � = 2 � � sin � � = 2 � � sin �

COSINE LAW – Relates the cosine of the angle

c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C b2 = c2 + a2 – 2ac cos B a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
Note:
1. In solving angles in a triangle given 3 sides, do not apply Sine Law, instead Cosine Law since the sine
function cannot give an angle of more than 90 degrees.
2. The maximum angle of triangle will be the opposite of longest side.
3. The minimum angle of triangle will be at the opposite of the shortest side.
IDENTITIES
1. sin Ѳ = 1/ csc Ѳ 5. cot Ѳ = cos Ѳ/ sin Ѳ 9. sin Ѳ = cos (90- Ѳ)

2. cos Ѳ = 1/ sec Ѳ 6. sin2 Ѳ + cos2 Ѳ = 1 10. cos Ѳ = sin (90- Ѳ)

3. tan Ѳ = 1/ cot Ѳ 7. tan2 Ѳ + 1 = sec2 Ѳ 11. tan Ѳ = cot (90- Ѳ)

4. tan Ѳ = sin Ѳ/ cos Ѳ 8. cot2 Ѳ + 1 = csc2 Ѳ 12. cot Ѳ = tan (90- Ѳ)

ADDITION and SUBTRACTION FORMULAS:

sin (x ± y) = sin x cos y ± sin y cos x
cos (x ± y) = cos x cos y ± sin x sin y
tan (x ± y) = tan x ± tan y
1± tan x tan y

DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS:

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x = 2 cos2 x – 1 = 1 – 2sin2 x
tan 2x = 2 tan x
1 – tan2 x

BEARING AND DIRECTIONS

Northwest - 45° between N and W
Northeast – 45° between N and E
Southwest - 45° between S and W
Southeast - 45between S and E

Example: Find the bearing of the following forces acting as shown.

F1 = N 40° E or 40° E of N F2 = N 60° W or 60° W of N

F3 = S 30° W or 30° W of S F4 = S 50° E or 50° E of S
Note: N 40° E = start of reference is N/ 40° E of N =start of reference is N
IDENTITIES
SINE AND COSINE LAW

BEARING AND DIRECTION

1. What is the exact value of the secant of acute angle A? Given that sin A = 3/7.
A. sec A = 8 B. sec A = 7√10 C. sec A = 7 D. sec A = 3
2√7 20 √7 2√7
2. A transit setup 150 feet from the base of a vertical chimney reads 30° with cross hairs set on the top of the
chimney. With the telescope level, the vertical unit at the base of the chimney is 5.5 feet. How tall is the
chimney?
A. 66.3 ft B. 92.01 ft C. 76.5 ft D. 170.9
3. The horizontal angle from the ground to the top of the palm tree some unknown distance away is 49°. At a
point 141 ft directly behind the first point, the horizontal angle to the top of the tree is 44°. What is the distance
from palm tree?
A. 737.49 ft B. 42.3 ft c. 140.3 ft D. 253.4 ft
4. Find the perpendicular height of an equilateral triangle with sides of 8 in.
A. 6.94in B. 10.34 in C. 12.04 in D. 16.34 m
5. For maximum safety, the distance from the base of ladder to the to the building wall should be one fourth of
the length of the ladder. If a ladder to the building wall should be between. If a ladder in his position, what
angle does it make with me ground?
A. 55.96° B. 65.96° C. 60 96° D. 75.9°
6. A swimming pool is 3ft deep in the shallow end. The bottom of the pool has a steady downward drop of 12°.
If the pool is 50 ft long, how deep is it at the deep end?
A. 10.63 ft B. 13.63 ft C. 15.63 ft D. 17.63 ft
7.A woman 5.5 ft tall stands 10 ft from the streetlight and casts a 4 ft long shadow. How tall is the streetlight?
A. 19.25 ft B. 21.25 ft C. 23.25 ft D. 25.25 ft
8.A man stands 12 ft from the statue. The angle of elevation from eye level to the top of the statue is 30°, and
the angle of depression of the base of the statue is 15°.How tall is the statue?
A. 10.14 ft B. 12.45 ft C. 16.34 ft D. 18.45 ft
9.What is the characteristics and mantissa of the common logarithm of 9.28?
A.1, 0.96755 B.0, 0.56755 C. 0, 0.16755 D.0, 0.96755
10.Use he logarithm to solve for x, 38.5x = 6.5x.
A. -2.10 B. -4.23 C. 4.23 D. 2.10
11.Use the logarithm to solve for x, 1.4 = (0.0613/x)1.32.
A. 0.2475 B. 0.3475 C. 0.0475 D. 0.5475
12. Simplify the following relation, sec Ɵ – (sec Ɵ)(sin2 Ɵ).
A. cos Ɵ B. sin Ɵ C. 1 D. tan Ɵ
13. Two forces of 20 units and 25 units act on a body. If their directions make an angle of 50°. What us the
magnitude of the resultant force?
A. 40.84 units B.50.84 units C.60.84 units D. 70.84 units
14.Three circles of radii 120, 150 and 130 are tangent to one another. What are the interior angles of the
triangle formed by joining the centers of the circles?
A. 5.94°, 62.03°, 56.03° C. 60.94°, 65.03°, 54.03°
B. 80.94°, 75.03°, 54.03° D. 60.94°, 45.03°, 50.03°
15. What is the simplified equivalent expression of (cot2 Ɵ)(sin2 Ɵ) + 1 / csc2 Ɵ
A. 2 sin2 Ɵ B. 2 cos Ɵ C. 2 cos2 Ɵ D. 1
16. If the equilateral triangle is circumscribed about a circle of radius 10 cm, determine the side of the triangle.
A. 34.64 cm B. 64.12 cm C. 36.44 cm D. 32.10 cm
17.The logarithm of the quotient (M/N) and the logarithm of the product MN is equal to 1.55630251 and
0.352182518 respectively. Find the value of m.
a.6 b.7 c. 8 d. 9
18. The angle of elevation of the top of tower B from the top of the tower A is 28° and the angle of elevation of
the top of tower A from the base of the tower b is 46°. The two towers lie in the same horizontal plane. If the
height of the tower B is 120 m, find the height of tower A.
a.87.2 m b.90.7 m c.79.3 m d.66.3 m
19. If log of 2 to the base 2 plus log of x to the base 2 is equal to 2, then the value of x is;
a.4 b. -2 c. 2 d. -1
20. Solve for x in the equation: arctan (x + 1) + arctan (x – 1) = arctan (12).
a.1.50 b. 1.34 c. 1.20 d. 1.25
21. Three circles are externally tangent to each other. The distances between their centers are 50 cm between
circles A and B, 46 cm between circles B and C, and 40 cm between A, B, and C respectively.
a. 40 for A, 50 for B, 46 for C b. 44 for A, 56 for B, 36 for C
c. 50 for A, 46 for B, 40 for C d. 56 for A, 36 for B, 44 for C
22. The central circle has 10 cm radius. Six equal smaller circles are to be arranged so that they are externally
tangent each other and the centers lie in the circumference of the central circle. What should be the radius in
cm, of the smaller circle?
a.6.000 b. 3.472 c. 4.167 d. 5.000
23. Given the triangle ABC in which A 30°30’, b = 100 m c = 200 m. Find the length of the side a.
a.124.54 m b.142.24 m c.130.50 m d. 103.00 m
24. An observer wishes to determine the height of a tower. He take sight at the top of the tower from A and B,
which are 50 ft apart at the sme elevation on a direct line with the tower. The vertical angle at point A as 30 °
and at point B is 40°. What is the height of the tower?
a.85.60 ft b.110.29 ft c.143.97 ft d. 92.54 ft
25. Given a triangle with an angle C = 28.7, side a = 132 units and side b = 224 units. Solve for the side c.
a.95 units b.110 units c.125.4 units d. 90 units
26.If the sides of the parallelogram and an included angle are 6, 10, and 100 degrees respectively, find the
length of the shorter diagonal.
a.10.63 b. 10.37 c. 10.73 d. 10.23

27. A man finds the angle of elevation of the top of a tower to be degrees. He walks 85 m nearer the tower and
finds its angle of elevation to be 60 degrees. What is the height of the tower?
a.76.31 m b. 73.31 m c. 73.16 m d. 73.61 m
28. A PLDT tower and a moment stand on a plane. Triangle of depression of the top and bottom of the
monument viewed from the top of the PLDT tower are 13° and 35° respectively. The height of the tower is 50
m. Find the height of the monument.
a.33.51 m b. 47.3 m c. 7.58 m d. 30.57 m