Chanchal Modi Cambridge IGCSE Subject: ESL

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Exercise 5: Writing an article (Ultimate Guide)

Points to remember:
1. This is the final exercise of Paper 1 and 2. It can be an article, a report or Your Notes
a review writing. We’ll look at articles here.
2. You will be given a topic (more like a question to ponder up on) on which you
have to write your views and opinions. This can either be a two-sided article (for
and against) or a one-sided article (just your opinion). It is up to you to decide.
3.The topics usually given for this exercise are easy enough that you can come
up with points right there in the exam, but it is good if you read upon various
issues from around the word (obesity, technological influences, environmental
issues, animal welfare, teenager issues etc).

Here’s how to attempt this question:

• Before you start it is a good idea that you come up with a plan. Use the blank
space below the question to make your plan, in pencil. In your plan write down
the answers to these questions:

• The audience: this will be specified in the question (it is almost always a
school magazine). So, when you write, keep in mind that you need to write to
that audience. Your language, tone and vocabulary should reflect this.

• Is my article going to be two-sided or one-sided? If you know a lot about

the topic and can weigh up the pros and cons, then go for two-sided. If you’re
not too knowledgeable about it, stick to one-sided.

• How do I introduce the topic? Start off by saying what the topic is and how
important the topic is in today’s world. Why it is such a problem? Or is it a
problem?

• What’s in the body? Write down three points. (If it’s two-sided write two pros
and two cons). You will develop your body based on these points. A few points
will be given in your question paper, and you can use those!

• How will I conclude the article? You need to sum up your points and give
your final opinion (even if it’s two-sided, give your final opinion on the
matter).
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• Organise. By now, you’ve pretty much come up with the contents of your
article. Now organise your points into paragraphs.

• Two-sided Article:
Your Notes
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: Advantages/’For’
Paragraph 3: Disadvantages/’Against’
Paragraph 4: Conclusion- Summary and final opinion

• One-sided Article:
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: First point with justification (or counter-argument)
Paragraph 3: Second point with justification (or counter-argument)
Paragraph 4: Opposing point which you contradict (here, you state a point
said by people who have a different opinion from yours and explain why
they are wrong. This is called argument and counter-argument)
Paragraph 5: Conclusion- summary, (solution?), repeat your opinion

How to Write Discursive Writing for IGCSE Board

Discursive writing is a form of writing that discusses a topic in a
balanced way, presenting arguments and opinions from multiple
perspectives. It's crucial for IGCSE students to understand the structure
and elements of discursive writing to perform well in exams. Below are
some guidelines, do's and don'ts, and useful lists to help students ace any
topic.

Structure of Discursive Writing

1. Introduction: Introduce the topic and provide an overview of the main
points to be discussed. It should be engaging to grab the reader's attention.
2. Body Paragraphs: Present arguments and counterarguments in a structured
manner. Each paragraph should cover a single point, supported by evidence.
3. Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed and restate your stance or
provide a balanced conclusion.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's:

1. Do plan your essay: Outline your main points before you start writing.
2. Do stay neutral: Present both sides of the argument fairly.
3. Do use evidence: Support your points with facts, statistics, and quotes.
4. Do structure your essay clearly: Use paragraphs and transitions effectively.
5. Do revise and proofread: Check for grammatical errors and ensure
coherence.
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Don'ts:

1. Don't be biased: Avoid favoring one side without considering the other.
Your Notes
2. Don't ignore counterarguments: Address opposing views respectfully.
3. Don't use informal language: Maintain a formal tone throughout your
essay.
4. Don't overgeneralize: Avoid making sweeping statements without evidence.
5. Don't forget the conclusion: Ensure you summarize and restate your main
points.

Great Starting Lines

1. "In today's rapidly changing world, the debate surrounding [topic] is more
relevant than ever."
2. "The issue of [topic] has been a contentious one for decades, sparking
intense debate."
3. "Few topics ignite as much passion and controversy as [topic]."
4. "In recent years, the topic of [topic] has garnered significant attention."
5. "The discussion around [topic] is multifaceted and complex."
6. "The question of whether [topic] is beneficial or detrimental is hotly
debated."
7. "As society evolves, so do the perspectives on [topic]."
8. "The debate on [topic] encompasses a range of perspectives and opinions."
9. "Exploring the pros and cons of [topic] reveals a diverse array of viewpoints."
10. "In the realm of public discourse, few topics are as polarizing as [topic]."
11. "The ongoing discussion about [topic] raises several critical questions."
12. "The complexities of [topic] demand a thorough examination from multiple
angles."
13. "When it comes to [topic], opinions are deeply divided."
14. "The controversy over [topic] reflects broader societal debates."
15. "Understanding [topic] requires considering both its advantages and
disadvantages."
16. "In the context of [topic], one must weigh the potential benefits against the
risks."
17. "Debates about [topic] often highlight fundamental societal values."
18. "The merits and drawbacks of [topic] continue to be a subject of vigorous
debate."
19. "As we delve into the issue of [topic], it is crucial to consider various
perspectives."
20. "The discourse surrounding [topic] is indicative of broader societal trends."

Phrases
1. "On the one hand..."
2. "Conversely..."
3. "It is widely believed that..."
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4. "Evidence suggests that..."

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5. "Supporters of [topic] argue that..."

6.
7.
"Critics, however, contend that..."
"Another perspective to consider is..."
Your Notes
8. "From a different angle..."
9. "Furthermore..."
10. "In addition to this..."
11. "However, it is also important to note that..."
12. "Despite these points..."
13. "A key aspect to consider is..."
14. "Moreover, some experts claim..."
15. "While it is true that..."
16. "On the contrary..."
17. "This highlights the fact that..."
18. "An alternative view is..."
19. "It can be argued that..."
20. "Nevertheless..."

Transition Words
1. Additionally
2. Furthermore
3. Conversely
4. However
5. Therefore
6. Consequently
7. Moreover
8. Similarly
9. In contrast
10. On the other hand
11. Despite
12. Nonetheless
13. Hence
14. Subsequently
15. Likewise
16. Whereas
17. Thus
18. Although
19. Meanwhile
20. Nonetheless

Good Concluding Statements

1. "In conclusion, the debate over [topic] is unlikely to be resolved soon."
2. "Ultimately, the pros and cons of [topic] must be weighed carefully."
3. "To sum up, both sides of the argument present valid points."
4. "In summary, [topic] remains a complex issue with no easy answers."
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5. "The discussion of [topic] underscores the need for ongoing dialogue."

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6. "In light of the evidence, it is clear that [topic] requires further consideration."
7. "The debate over [topic] highlights the importance of balanced perspectives."
8. "Ultimately, the decision on [topic] will depend on individual values and
Your Notes
priorities."
9. "As we have seen, [topic] involves multiple layers of complexity."
10. "In conclusion, a nuanced approach to [topic] is necessary."
11. "While there is no definitive answer, the arguments presented provide
valuable insights."
12. "Ultimately, the future of [topic] will depend on ongoing research and
debate."
13. "In the end, the question of [topic] is a matter of weighing benefits against
drawbacks."
14. "As this discussion demonstrates, [topic] is a multifaceted issue."
15. "In conclusion, both the advantages and disadvantages of [topic] must be
considered."
16. "The debate on [topic] is indicative of broader societal challenges."
17. "Ultimately, a balanced approach to [topic] is essential."
18. "In summary, [topic] presents both opportunities and challenges."
19. "The ongoing debate about [topic] will likely continue to evolve."
20. "In conclusion, thoughtful consideration of [topic] is crucial for making
informed decisions."

Structure of an Argumentative Essay for IGCSE

Introduction

1. Hook: Start with a compelling statement or question to grab attention.

2. Background Information: Provide some context or background
information on the topic.
3. Thesis Statement: Clearly state your position on the topic. This will
guide your entire essay.

Body Paragraphs

• Topic Sentence: Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that
relates to your thesis.
• Evidence and Examples: Provide factual evidence, statistics, quotes, or
real-life examples to support your argument.
• Explanation: Explain how the evidence supports your thesis.
• Counterargument: Acknowledge the opposing viewpoint and refute it
with logical reasoning and evidence.
• Transition: Use transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow
between paragraphs.
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Conclusion
• Restate Thesis: Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a
new way.
• Summary of Arguments: Briefly summarize the key points made in the
Your Notes
essay.
• Closing Statement: End with a strong, memorable statement that
reinforces your position.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's
• Research Thoroughly: Use reliable sources to gather evidence.
• Stay Objective: Maintain a formal and objective tone.
• Use Clear and Logical Arguments: Make sure each point is clearly
related to your thesis.
• Address Counterarguments: Show that you understand and can refute
opposing views.
• Proofread: Check for grammar and spelling mistakes.

Don'ts
• Avoid Emotional Language: Stick to facts and logic instead of
emotional appeals.
• Don’t Use First Person: Avoid using "I" or "my" unless specifically
instructed to do so.
• Don’t Be Vague: Provide specific evidence and examples.
• Avoid Plagiarism: Always cite your sources.
• Don’t Ignore the Opposing View: Acknowledge and refute
counterarguments.

Great Starting Lines

1. "In the modern world, the debate over [topic] is more relevant than
ever."
2. "Throughout history, [topic] has been a contentious issue."
3. "In recent years, the controversy surrounding [topic] has intensified."
4. "The question of whether [topic] is beneficial or harmful has sparked
considerable debate."
5. "Few issues in contemporary society are as polarizing as [topic]."
6. "The discussion of [topic] often evokes strong opinions from both
supporters and critics."
7. "As we advance further into the 21st century, the issue of [topic]
demands our attention."
8. "Amidst growing concerns about [related issue], [topic] has come to
the forefront of public discourse."
9. "With increasing evidence on both sides, the debate on [topic] remains
unresolved."
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10. "A critical examination of [topic] reveals a complex web of arguments."

11.
12.
"To what extent does [topic] impact our society?"
"The implications of [topic] are far-reaching and multifaceted."
Your Notes
13. "Understanding [topic] requires a deep dive into both its pros and
cons."
14. "The controversy of [topic] is not new, but it remains highly relevant."
15. "In exploring [topic], one must consider various perspectives."
16. "Does [topic] represent a step forward or a step back?"
17. "As debates over [topic] continue, it is essential to evaluate the
evidence."
18. "The pros and cons of [topic] have long been discussed among
scholars and policymakers."
19. "At the heart of the debate over [topic] lies a fundamental question."
20. "The discourse on [topic] reveals deep divisions within our society."

Phrases

1. "It is widely believed that..."

2. "There is substantial evidence to suggest that..."
3. "Critics argue that..."
4. "Proponents of this view claim..."
5. "Another important factor to consider is..."
6. "It is often argued that..."
7. "One of the main arguments in favor of..."
8. "Opponents counter that..."
9. "Supporters contend that..."
10. "It is essential to recognize that..."
11. "Furthermore, it is important to note..."
12. "Despite these claims, evidence shows..."
13. "Equally significant is the fact that..."
14. "While some may argue that..."
15. "A common counterpoint is..."
16. "Additionally, it is worth considering..."
17. "This argument is further strengthened by..."
18. "Conversely, it can be argued that..."
19. "Moreover, there is the question of..."
20. "In light of this evidence, it is clear that..."

Transition Words
1. Furthermore
2. Moreover
3. Consequently
4. Additionally
5. Conversely
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6. However
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7. Nonetheless
8.
9.
Therefore
On the other hand
Your Notes
10. In contrast
11. Similarly
12. Likewise
13. As a result,
14. Consequently
15. Thus
16. Hence
17. Meanwhile
18. Nevertheless
19. Subsequently
20. Accordingly

Good Concluding Statements

1. "In conclusion, the evidence clearly shows that [restate thesis]."

2. "Ultimately, the arguments presented confirm that [restate thesis]."
3. "After considering all the evidence, it is evident that [restate thesis]."
4. "In summary, [topic] presents more benefits than drawbacks."
5. "Overall, the discussion reveals that [restate thesis]."
6. "Therefore, it is clear that [restate thesis]."
7. "In light of the arguments made, it is undeniable that [restate thesis]."
8. "To conclude, the debate on [topic] leans heavily towards [restate
thesis]."
9. "As the evidence suggests, [restate thesis]."
10. "In essence, [topic] has far-reaching implications that cannot be
ignored."
11. "Thus, it is apparent that [restate thesis]."
12. "Consequently, [restate thesis] remains the most logical conclusion."
13. "All things considered, [restate thesis]."
14. "In final analysis, the position that [restate thesis] is well supported."
15. "Hence, [restate thesis] stands as the most compelling argument."
16. "The data presented strongly supports the notion that [restate thesis]."
17. "Thus, we must acknowledge that [restate thesis]."
18. "Therefore, the argument that [restate thesis] prevails."
19. "As demonstrated, [restate thesis] is the most viable conclusion."
20. "In the end, the overwhelming evidence advocates for [restate thesis]."

Rebuttal Statements

1. "While it is true that..., this does not take into account..."

2. "Although some may argue..., it is important to consider..."
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3. "Despite the claim that..., there is evidence to suggest..."

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4. "Although it may appear that..., a closer examination reveals..."

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5. "Even though..., it can be argued that..."

6. "Opponents may contend that..., but this perspective fails to Your Notes
acknowledge..."
7. "While it is often thought that..., recent studies indicate..."
8. "Although there is some validity to the argument that..., it overlooks..."
9. "Critics might say..., however, this argument is weakened by..."
10. "Despite the assertion that..., it is more accurate to say..."
11. "Although..., the reality is that..."
12. "Opponents may believe that..., yet they fail to consider..."
13. "While some hold the view that..., the fact remains that..."
14. "Although some evidence suggests..., it is outweighed by..."
15. "Despite claims that..., a thorough analysis shows..."
16. "Critics of this position argue..., but they ignore the fact that..."
17. "Although proponents of... argue..., they miss the point that..."
18. "While it may be argued that..., the counterpoint is..."
19. "Opponents may assert that..., but they neglect to mention..."
20. "Despite the belief that..., it is crucial to recognize..."

By adhering to this structure and using these phrases, transition words, and
statements, students can construct well-organized and persuasive
argumentative essays for the IGCSE exams.

Writing a Persuasive Essay: IGCSE Board Pattern

Structure of a Persuasive Essay
1. Introduction
- Hook: Capture the reader's attention.
- Background information: Provide context.
- Thesis statement: State your position clearly.

2. Body Paragraphs
- Topic sentence: Introduce the main idea.
- Evidence: Provide facts, statistics, quotes, examples.
- Explanation: Explain how the evidence supports your point.
- Counterargument: Address opposing views.
- Rebuttal: Refute the counterargument.

3. Conclusion
- Restate the thesis: Summarize your main points.
- Call to action: Encourage the reader to take a specific action.
- Final thought: End with a memorable closing statement.

Do's and Don'ts

Do's:
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- Research Thoroughly: Gather strong evidence and examples.

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- Be Clear and Concise: Keep your writing focused and clear.

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- Use Formal Language: Maintain a formal tone.

- Organize Logically: Ensure a logical flow of ideas.
- Use Transitions: Connect paragraphs and ideas smoothly. Your Notes
- Address Counterarguments: Show understanding of other viewpoints.

Don'ts:
- Avoid Informal Language: No slang or colloquialisms.
- Don't Be Vague: Be specific in your arguments.
- Avoid Emotional Appeals: Rely on logic and evidence.
- Don't Ignore the Opposition: Address and refute opposing views.
- Avoid Overloading Information: Stick to key points.

20 Great Starting Lines

1. "Imagine a world where..."
2. "In today's rapidly changing society..."
3. "Have you ever considered..."
4. "It is often said that..."
5. "Recent studies show that..."
6. "There is no doubt that..."
7. "Picture this scenario..."
8. "In light of recent events..."
9. "Few issues are as important as..."
10. "From ancient times to the present..."
11. "The question we must ask ourselves is..."
12. "One cannot ignore the fact that..."
13. "In a world where..."
14. "As we delve into the topic of..."
15. "Consider the impact of..."
16. "It is imperative to understand that..."
17. "Throughout history..."
18. "A pressing issue today is..."
19. "The reality of the situation is..."
20. "Many argue that..."

20 Persuasive Phrases
1. "Undoubtedly, this demonstrates..."
2. "It is clear that..."
3. "Without a doubt..."
4. "There is compelling evidence that..."
5. "One must consider..."
6. "This unequivocally shows..."
7. "It is evident that..."
8. "Clearly, the benefits of..."
9. "There is no denying that..."
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10. "This effectively illustrates..."

11. "The facts indicate that..."
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12. "This supports the view that...

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13. "It is irrefutable that..."

14. "The statistics reveal..."
15. "Research confirms that..." Your Notes
16. "This argument is strengthened by..."
17. "The evidence overwhelmingly supports..."
18. "A critical point to consider is..."
19. "This undeniably leads to..."
20. "It is widely accepted that..."

Transition Words
1. Furthermore
2. Moreover
3. Additionally
4. Consequently
5. Therefore
6. Thus
7. However
8. Conversely
9. On the other hand
10. Similarly
11. Likewise
12. For instance
13. For example
14. In addition
15. Nevertheless
16. Nonetheless
17. Despite this
18. Consequently
19. Hence
20. In contrast

Good Concluding Statements

1. "In conclusion, it is evident that..."
2. "To summarize, the evidence clearly shows..."
3. "Ultimately, one must acknowledge that..."
4. "In light of the above, it is clear that..."
5. "Therefore, it is essential to..."
6. "As the discussion demonstrates..."
7. "To conclude, the arguments presented..."
8. "Hence, it is imperative to consider..."
9. "In closing, let us remember that..."
10. "Thus, the conclusion is unavoidable..."
11. "Drawing everything together, it is clear that..."
12. "As a result, one can conclude that..."
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13. "Given the evidence, it is clear that..."

14. "In summary, the arguments make it evident that..."
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15. "With all points considered, it is obvious that..."

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16. "Therefore, we must..."

17. "To sum up, the facts demonstrate..." Your Notes
18. "Finally, it is important to note that..."
19. "Thus, it is clear that..."
20. "In the final analysis, it is evident that..."

20 Rebuttal Statements
1. "While some may argue..., it is important to note that..."
2. "Although it is true that..., one must consider..."
3. "Critics might claim..., however..."
4. "Despite the opposition's view..., the reality is..."
5. "Some may contend..., but the evidence clearly shows..."
6. "It is often argued that..., yet it is evident that..."
7. "While it is possible to think..., the facts suggest..."
8. "Opponents might assert..., however, research indicates..."
9. "Although some believe..., it is clear that..."
10. "There is a perspective that..., but it fails to consider..."
11. "While there are those who think..., it is crucial to remember..."
12. "Some hold the view that..., however, this ignores..."
13. "Critics often say..., yet it is undeniable that..."
14. "While it might be argued that..., the truth is..."
15. "Opponents often assert..., but they overlook..."
16. "There is an argument that..., nevertheless, it is clear that..."
17. "While some suggest..., the fact remains that..."
18. "Although there is a belief that..., the evidence points to..."
19. "Critics argue that..., but it is important to note..."
20. "Despite the claims that..., it is apparent that..."

By following this structure, adhering to the do's and don'ts, and using these
starting lines, phrases, transition words, concluding statements, and rebuttal
statements, students can enhance their persuasive essays and perform well in
IGCSE exams.

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