Content List:

Classification of Pronoun Possessive Pronoun vs

Adjective

Which vs That Who vs Whom

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 Pronoun

A pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that is used as a substitution for a noun or

noun phrase, which is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. Pronouns are short words and
can do everything that nouns can do and are one of the building blocks of a sentence.

Common pronouns are he, she, you, me, I, we, us, this, them, that. A pronoun can act as a
subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more and takes the
place of any person, place, animal or thing.

Example: The old, tired man and his wife were sitting under a tree and patiently waiting
for their son to arrive safely.

Without pronouns, we’d constantly have to repeat nouns, and that would make our
speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome.

Pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1. Billy, Caren, and I were playing poker with friends

 We were playing poker with friends.

2. Ety loves watching movies.

 She loves watching movies, especially if they are comedies.

3. Will Daniel be going to the circus with Sarah?

 Will he be going there with her?

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand
in for certain adverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Almost anytime you refer to a

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person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to add interest and make your
speech or writing flow better.

In nearly all cases, a pronoun must follow an expression called an antecedent. This
basically means that a pronoun can only really be understood in the context of prior
information about the noun.

For example, if we use the pronoun she in a sentence, we will only be able to understand
it if we know who she is, thus an antecedent, perhaps giving the person’s name, is usually
supplied first.

 Shanjida drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon,

if we had never mentioned Shanjida or what she drinks, it would be unclear if we

said, She drinks it every afternoon. Your reader would be confused and wonder
who she is and what does she drink, wine, water, lemonade?

Pronoun Rules

There are a few important rules for using pronouns

 Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.
 Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she
who decided we should go to Hawaii.
 Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their
own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.
 Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of
prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David
talked to her about the mistake.
 Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example:
The cat washed its

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Examples:

In the following examples, the pronouns are italicized and bold

 We are going on vacation.

 Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.
 Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.
 These are terribly steep stairs.
 We ran into each other at the mall.
 I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.
 It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.
 Richard stared at himself in the mirror.
 The laundry isn’t going to do itself.
 Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop!

List of Pronouns:

I We Me Us You She He

Her Him They Them It That Which

Who Whom Whose Whichever Whoever Whomever This

These That Those Anybody Anyone Anything Each

Either Everyone Everybody Everything Nobody Neither No one

Nothing Somebody Something Few Many Both Several

All Some Most None Myself Yourself Yourselves

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Herself Himself Themselves Itself

Practice-1

choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences.

1) We all told the boss that we wanted to have ---- salaries paid in advance but he just
ignored ----.
A) ours / it B) his / we C) their / our D) we / his E) our / us

2) When the man asked me how I had got ---- address, I told him that I was given it by a
relative of ----.
A) my / me B) his / his C) mine / his D) his / him E) him / him

3) Although ---- in the room seemed to follow ---- said by the speaker, he never intended
to simplify his language.

A) no one / anything B) anybody / anything C) nobody / nothing

D) anyone / nothing E) someone / something

4) I hope you will enjoy ---- at the re-union party this weekend because I won't be able to
be there ----.
A) you / myself B) yourself / mine C) yours / oneself
D) yourself / myself E) you / me

5) We decided to do all the cooking ---- instead of hiring a catering company for the
party.
A) of our own B) oneself C) by ourselves D) ours E) each other

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6) Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing ---- homework with a background of pop-
music to doing ---- in a quiet room.
A) theirs / them B) his / its C) them / it's D) they / them E) their / it
7) You and ---- brother need to take time to prepare ---- for the long journey which will
start next month.
A) his / yourself B) yours / ourselves C) their / you
D) your / yourselves E) her / by themselves
8) The kids watched each gesture of ---- as if their mother were a stranger.

A) them B) hers C) him D) her E) himself

9) Trademarks enable a company to distinguish ---- products from ---- of another

company.
A) their / it B) it / that C) our / this D) its / those E) my / these

10) ---- cannot see through translucent materials, but light can pass through ----.
A) We / it B) Anything / their C) One / them
D) No one / its E) Everyone / their

Types of pronoun

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

Indefinite pronouns

Those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places.

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Examples:
1. Anyone
2. Somebody
3. Whichever
4. Whoever
5. Other
6. Something
7. Nobody

 Would anyone like a coffee?

 Take whatever you like. Jamie took one cookie and Ben took the other.
 Whoever owns this is in big trouble! I want someone to move this now.

Indefinite pronouns can also be used to create sentences that are almost abstract.
Examples could include: this, all, such and something.

 All was not lost.

 Such is life.
 Something tells me this won’t end well.

Personal pronouns

Those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms
that indicate singular or plural number. Personal pronouns are always specific and are
often used to replace a proper noun (someone’s name) or a collective group of people or
things. Personal pronouns have two main groups, one referring to the subject of the
sentence and one to the object.
The first is used to replace the subject of the sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, you and
they.

Notice that you is repeated as you can be singular, addressing one person, or plural,
addressing a group of people.

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Example:

 Jack and David are friends. They play basketball together.

 I have more money than he
 We will be late if you don’t hurry up.

The second group of pronouns replaces the object of the sentence: me, you, him, her, it,
us, you, them.

 We will be late if you don’t hurry up.

In the above example, we is the subject of the sentence, but you is the object. Other
examples of pronouns replacing the object:

 Peter sang the song to me.

 Missing the train will cause us to be late.
 She packed them tightly in the suitcase.

Reflexive pronouns

Those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and
ending in –self or –selves. Reflexive pronouns are used to refer back to the subject or
clause of a sentence. The list of reflexive pronouns includes: Myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

Example:

 Count yourselves
 Annie only had herself to blame.
 Peter and Paul had baked themselves cakes.

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Practice-2

Choose the correct answer.

1. He burnt _____ with the matches. (Himself/herself)

2. Be careful! You might electrocute _____! (Myself/yourself)

3. Ow! I've cut _____. (Myself/yourself)

4. The cat has scratched _____. (Itself/myself)

5. They're taking photos of_____ . (Themselves/itself)

6. We're going to hurt_____ if we're not careful. (Myself/ourselves)

Demonstrative pronouns

Those used to point to something specific within a sentence. There are only four
demonstrative pronouns – this, that, these, those – but the usage can be a bit tricky at
times.

 This and that are singular,

 these and those are plural.

As you may have noticed, there can be some crossover with indefinite pronouns when
using this and that.

Example:

 I prefer this.
 These are beautiful, but those belong to Danny.
 Did you see that?

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While it can be confusing, this, that, these and those can sometimes be used as
demonstrative adjectives.

The difference between the two is that a demonstrative pronoun replaces the noun and a
demonstrative adjective qualifies the noun.

 I prefer this photo.

 These flowers are beautiful, but those vases belong to Danny.
 Did you see that rainbow?

It should be clear that this, that, these and those in the example above are not pronouns
because they are being used to qualify the noun, but not replace it. A good trick for
remembering the difference is that a demonstrative pronoun would still make sense if the
word one or ones followed it in the sentence.

 I prefer this (one).

 These (ones) are beautiful.
 Did you see that (one)?
 Those (ones) belong to Danny.

Possessive pronouns

Those designating possession or ownership. Examples include: mine, its, hers, his, yours,
ours, theirs, whose. Consider the example:

 This cat is mine.

Mine is indicating possession, that the cat belongs to me. Incidentally, this in the sentence
is not a pronoun but demonstrative adjective as it qualifies the noun cat. You will find
that possessive pronouns often follow phrases that contain demonstrative adjectives.

Example:

 Are these bannas yours?

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  This money is ours.
 Is the fault theirs or yours?

Possessive pronoun vs Possessive adjective:

 A possessive adjective is always followed by a noun. Examples are: your phone, my

brother, his dog etc.

 A possessive pronoun is used without a noun. Examples are: his, hers, yours, theirs,
ours, mine etc.

Practice-3

Choose whether each sentence requires a possessive adjective or a possessive pronoun:

EX: That car is not his. It's mine. (possessive pronoun)

OR That's my car. (possessive adjective)

1.--------She's not his friend, she's (my/mine).

2. Robert didn't drink his own coffee. He drank --------- (her/hers).

3. That is one of --------- (hers/her) friends.

4. His neighborhood is safe, while --------- (my/mine) neighborhood isn't.

5. His neighborhood is safe, while --------- (my/mine) isn't.

6. Did --------- (your/yours) mother call?

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7. I don't know -------- (them/their) very well.

8. I don't know -------- (them/their) daughter very well.

9. I talked to------- (my/me) grandmother for three hours last night.

10. I think I got my notes mixed up with-------- (your/yours).

Relative pronouns

Those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective

(relative) clause. They will usually appear after a noun to help clarify the sentence or give
extra information. Examples include: who, which, that, whom, whose.

 The man who stole the car went to jail.

The relative pronoun who acts to refer back to the noun man. It acts to open a clause by
identifying the man as not just any man, but the one who stole the car.

Example:

 The table, which sits in the hallway, is used for correspondence.

 The car that crashed into the wall was blue.
 This is the woman, whose key you found.

Interrogative pronouns

Those which introduce a question. Examples include: who, whom, whose, what, which. We
can usually identify an interrogative pronoun by the fact that they often appear at the

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beginning of a question.

Example:

 Who will come to the party?

 Which do you prefer?
 What do you need?
 Whose clothes are on the floor?
 Whom did you tell?

Which vs That

 In a defining clause, use that.

 In non-defining clauses, use which.

 Remember, which is as disposable as a sandwich bag. If you can remove the clause

without destroying the meaning of the sentence, the clause is nonessential and you

can use which.

Which vs. That: What’s the Difference in Usage?

To understand when to use that or which, it’s important to understand clauses.

A defining clause (also called an essential clause or a restrictive clause) gives information

essential to the meaning of the sentence. That is used in defining clauses.

 My bike that has a broken seat is in the garage.

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In this sentence, you understand that the speaker has at least one other bike. Specifically,

the bike he’s talking about is distinguished from his other bikes by its broken seat. If you

removed the clause ‚that has a broken seat,‛ you would lose the implication that he owns

more than one bicycle, and even if you somehow knew about the other bikes, you

wouldn’t know which one was in the garage.

Which introduces non-defining clauses. Unlike defining clauses, non-defining clauses (also
called nonessential or nonrestrictive clauses) don’t limit the meaning of the sentence. You

might lose interesting details if you remove them, but the meaning of the sentence

wouldn’t change. Sometimes, these phrases are set off by commas.

 My bike, which has a broken seat, is in the garage.

Here, the broken seat is simply a description of the bike in the garage. There’s no

implication that the speaker owns more than one bike. Do you see the difference? Perhaps

a little mnemonic device will help you to remember how to choose between that or which.

Practice-4
1. You can borrow the book------------------I have just finished reading.

2. The used car,-----------I bought last year, is a brown one.

3. Sylvie ate the last piece of sushi------------he was saving in the fridge.

4. The wagon,------------ he bought at a garage sale, is broken.

5. Where's the dress-----------you plan to wear tomorrow?

6. Please stop by the supermaket,-----------is on route 8, on your way home.

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7. The whale,---------swam into the bay, was successfully returned to the ocean.

8. One of the girls kept laughing,-------------annoyed Joanna intensely.

9. Please pick up the clothes-----------you dropped off at the dry cleaners yesterday.

10. Did you see John's letter,-------------made me laugh ?

Who vs whom:

Who and whom are both relative pronouns. They function to connect a noun or another

pronoun to a phrase or clause with more information. Both words can also work as

interrogative pronouns in questions. However, even though they are both the same kind

of pronouns, they are not interchangeable. The difference between these words is:

 Who is a subject pronoun.

 Whom is an object pronoun.

You can only use who as the subject of a sentence; in other words, the person who

performs the action. Whom is the object of a sentence. They receive the action performed

by the subject.

The best way to remember when to use who and when to use whom. It’s all about other

subject pronouns (he, she) and object pronouns (him, her).

Use who when the subject of the sentence would normally require a subject pronoun like

he or she.

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For example,

 ‚Who is the best in class?‛

If you rewrote that question as a statement, ‚He is the best in class.‛ makes sense.

Use whom when a sentence needs an object pronoun like him or her.

For example,

 ‚This is for whom?‛ Again,

if you rewrote that question as a statement, ‚This is for him.‛ sounds correct.

Replacing the Pronouns in Questions

 Who ate the last cookie?

He ate the last cookie. (correct)

Him ate the last cookie. (incorrect)

 For whom did you bake these cookies?

I baked the cookies for he. (incorrect)

I baked the cookies for him. (correct)

 Note: as who replaces a subject, so when ‘who’ is used in sentence it mostly

demand a verb whereas for the word ‘whom’ there is no need to have any extra
verb.

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Practice-5
1. The girl _____ hit the winning home run was a hero.

2. I don't know _____ made this mess.

3. _____ are you going to the movies with?

4. I need to know _____ will clean up this mess.

5. To _____ should I give the message?

6. For _____ the Bell Tolls is a book by Ernest Hemingway.

7. _____ are you talking about?

8. _____ will help him wash the dishes?

9. My cousin, _____ likes to dance, took me a new club last night.

10. _____ are you voting for in the election?

11. To---------have you offered the flowers?

12. ----------wrote that beautiful love poem?
13. I just want to know---------made this delicious dish.
14. Do you know the man --------is standing there?
15. My parents will accept ---------I choose as my husband.
16. For------are you buying this present?
17. He is a kind of person for---------family is very important.
18. Tell me, -------told you this wonderful news?
19. The electrician--------I asked for assistance was helpful.
20. ------------gave you permission to get into this room?

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Reciprocal pronoun

A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which is used to indicate that two or more people are
carrying out or have carried out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits
or consequences of that action simultaneously. Any time something is done or given in
return, reciprocal pronouns are used. The same is true any time mutual action is
expressed.

There are only two reciprocal pronouns.

Each other

One another

 When you want to refer to two people, you will normally use ‚each other.‛
 When referring to more than two people, for example the students in a lecture
hall, you will normally use ‚one another.‛

Example:

 Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.
 Terry and Jack were talking to each other in the hallway.
 We give each other gifts during the holidays.
 The boxers punched each other.
 The students congratulated one another after giving practice speeches.
 The kids spent the afternoon kicking the ball to one another.
 The defendants blamed one another for the crime they were charged with.
 The couple love one another deeply.
 All the brothers in my uncle’s family quarreled with one another

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Practice-6

1. My mother and I looked at------------------ in surprise.

2. The six friends buy---------------- drinks from time to time.
3. We need to stop going to war against-------------,‛ the NATO delegates agreed.
4. The effects of the coffee and the beer cancel----------------out.
5. Albert and Sally never agree with---------------
6. I live you! You love me ! we love-------------
7. The rest of the people in my mathematics class copy from-------------during the
exam.
8. ‚If we don’t help----------------------every now and again, we won’t survive,‛ Jackson
said to Jeffrey.
9. The best club teams in Europe play football against----------------
10. The company employees send---------------emails to communicate.

More Practice

1. We had ____ other choice apart from deciding to cease trading, or we would have gone
bankrupt.

A) some B) no C) many D) each E) any

2. ____ who enjoys jazz music will enjoy this festival, tickets for which can be bought at
____ good music shop.

A) Nobody / some B) Anyone / several C) Everybody / all

D) Somebody / both E) Anybody / every

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3. Slimming bars claim to provide ____ the vitamins and minerals the body needs, but
eating them cannot be as healthy as a meal containing plenty of fruit and vegetables,
which can also supply ____nutrients required by the body.

A) whole / all B) all / other C) plenty of / another

D) every / any E) both / each

4. ____ child will be given a role, however small, in the play.

A) Several B) The whole C) Both D) Each E) Many

5. Because there have been ____ accidents at that road junction, the council are going to
install traffic lights there.

A) too much B) plenty C) so many

D) much more E) a great deal of

6. I didn't believe him when he said that it was hailing in June, so I went out on the
balcony to see it for ____.

A) myself B) himself C) mine D) him E) itself

7. ____ bus we were travelling on stopped suddenly because ____ tree had fallen across
the road.

A) A / the B) The / - C) The / the D) The / a E) A / a

8. ____ that we accomplished was to find a suitable date for the next meeting.

A) Each B) Every C) The whole D) Others E) All

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9. Although ____ in the group knew that ____ had ever tried to climb the mountain by
this path before, they all seemed very confident.

A) someone / nowhere B) no one / anywhere C) everyone / no one

D) anyone / somebody E) everything / anyone

10. As the number of students attending the universities ____, most employers ____ for
higher and higher qualifications from new employees.

A) is increasing / are asking B) are increasing / will ask

C) increase / is asking D) have increased / have asked

E) increased / has asked

11. ____ of the soldiers was given two complete uniforms, ____ of which they were
expected to keep spotlessly clean.

A) All / some B) Every / either C) Each / both

D) Some / all E) The whole / many

12. There is an amount of wisdom in ____ old sayings, such as ‚Don't cry over spilt milk‛.

A) a number of B) a little C) a great deal of

D) every E) the whole

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13. When the winners arrived at the award ceremony, the mayor ____ was there to greet
____.

A) ourselves / him B) themselves / ours C) myself / their

D) itself / ourselves E) himself / them

14. When I woke up this morning, there was ____ heavy dew covering ____ long green
summer grass in our garden.

A) the / a B) - / the C) some / a D) the / - E) a / a

15. It's getting late. I'll feel better when we have found ____ to stay for the night, and, at
this hour, I'm not looking for a luxury place. _____ clean and tidy will do.

A) somewhere / Anywhere B) everywhere / Somebody C) something / Nowhere

D) nowhere / Somewhere E) anything / Something

16. I wish he would give ____ more consideration to those around him.

A) enough B) a lot of C) a little D) several E) a few

17. This ship has ____ experienced crew, all of whom have been at ____ sea on and off
for more than six years.

A) the / the B) an / a C) an / - D) - / - E) some / the

18. Politicians from the Opposition are constantly criticizing the government, but they
don't say what they would do ____ to improve things if they were in ____ position.

A) us / our B) themselves / our C) them / themselves

D) theirs / us E) ours / theirs

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19. As ____ of the proposals seems to provide a complete solution on ____ I suggest we
continue working on this.

A) both / themselves B) either / our own C) each / ourselves

D) none / his own E) neither / its own

20. When ____ manager disagrees with ____, our board meetings can go on for hours.

A) a / other B) - / the other C) the / each other

D) one / another E) none / the other

21. Each of ____ will develop a revision method that will suit ____ individual strengths
and weaknesses.

A) they / theirs B) us / our C) we / ours D) you / yours E) her / hers

22. I don't think that's the only dry cleaner's around here. I think there is ____ next to
the bus station.

A) another B) others C) other D) the other E) the others

23. I think that buying ____ own photocopier would save ____ money.

A) us / ours B) him / his C) ourselves / our

D) themselves / theirs E) their / them

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24. Since ____ seems eager to give me a hand with these, I have no other choice but to
do ____ by myself.

A) something / everywhere B) someone / anything C) no one / everything

D) anybody / nowhere E) nothing / something

25. ____ has got a packed lunch, a torch and a waterproof coat, haven't ____?

A) Everybody / they B) Everywhere / it C) No one / you

D) Someone / we E) Anybody / them

26. Men, women and children in ____ part of the world wear some sort of jewellery,
either as ornaments or because of superstitions.

A) all B) every C) whole D) some E) neither

27. There are ____ ways to get from my house to work, but ____ of them is very
comfortable.

A) plenty / one B) more / several C) several / none

D) a few / neither E) much / all

28. There are ____ Indian restaurants available in England, whereas, in Istanbul, your
options are ____.

A) some / several B) so much / only one C) the other / little

D) many / another E) a lot of / a few

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29. Normally, airlines serve their passengers ____ cooked dinner during ____ flight.

A) the / a B) - / a C) a / the D) a / some E) another / -

30. The lawyer for the people who ____ in the fire at the shopping centre ____ the judge
for compensation.

A) were injured / is going to ask B) is injured / has been asking

C) are injured / would ask D) was injured / are going to ask

E) have been injured / have asked

31. We have 120 post-graduate students at our university and almost two-thirds of ____
____ from abroad.

A) themselves / comes B) their / are coming C) theirs / were coming

D) them / come E) they / has come

32. A good percentage of our time ____ at work, so we should choose an occupation that
we enjoy.

A) is spending B) are spent C) is spent

D) are spending E) would spend

33. I love the company of ____ friends, but sometimes I just want to be by ____.

A) my / me B) mine / me C) me / mine

D) my / myself E) mine / my own

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34. There have been ____ isolated incidents of violence, but ____ of World Cup supporters
have been wellbehaved.

A) a few / the majority B) any / a good deal C) some / several

D) each / a great deal E) every / a large number

35. Americans plays produced during the 19th century were mostly sensational melodrama
and therefore of ____ literary importance.

A) many B) little C) none D) every E) a few

36. The different peoples in Africa ____ have ____ own myths about the creation of the
world.

A) all / its B) most / themselves C) every / itself

D) some / theirs E) each / their

37. The doctor gave him ____ tablets and told him to drink ____ water.

A) each / a little B) a few / many C) several of / little

D) any / much E) some / plenty of

38. Pasta, which literally means dough in ____ Italian, is ____ Italian food now popular, in
such forms as spaghetti, macaroni and ravioli all over the world.

A) the / the B) an / some C) - / an D) - / any E) some / -

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39. I knew that his wife wasn't a good cook, so I doubted that she had cooked all the
dishes she served ____ on ____.

A) us / her own B) mine / hers C) theirs / himself

D) you / his own E) him / herself

40. Do you know that everything they ____ ____ guaranteed for two years?

A) are selling / are B) sell / is C) sold / have been

D) had sold / were E) are sold / has been

Answer

1: B 2: E 3: B 4: D 5: C 6: A 7: D 8: E 9: C 10: A 11: C 12: A 13: E 14: B 15: A 16: C 17: C 18:

B 19: E 20: D 21: B 22: A 23: E 24: C 25: A 26: B 27: C 28: E 29: C 30: A 31: D 32: C 33: D 34:
A 35: B 36: E 37: E 38: C 39: A 40: B

1. The instructor told the young climbers to hold on to the rope with ____ hands.

A) both B) every C) all D) each E) either

2. The noise of the gunshot rang through the trees and the birds flew off in ____
directions.

A) all B) each C) either D) every E) whole

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3. The train doesn’t stop at ____ station along the way, but it stops at ____ of the main
ones.

A) all / either B) every / most C) each / much

D) both / some E) few / all

4. Unfortunately, our local library had ____ books on the subject, so I’m going to the city
library tomorrow hoping to find ____ more.

A) much / a little B) a little / a lot C) little / many

D) a few / much E) few / some

5. There has been ____ fruit on the pear tree in our garden this year, so we won’t be
giving ____ away.

A) a little / many B) all / each C) little / much

D) every / some E) much / either

6. ____ players have won this competition before, so ____ of them could win today.

A) A few / all B) Each / every C) Every / no

D) Both / either E) None / neither

7. A lot of people rushed to the area, but most of ____ failed to find ____ gold.

A) them / any B) they / much C) theirs / many

D) him / some E) his / none

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8. The children have had quite ____ excitement for one day, I think it’s time they went to
bed.

A) few B) all C) more D) little E) enough

9. He thought he would get the contract, but a business competitor of ____ got ____.

A) he / itself B) his / it C) us / his

D) yours / its E) him / them

10. They gave the idea ____ consideration before accepting it.

A) several B) only a few C) a great deal of D) much of E) a good many

11. Look! One of ____ in the race ____.

A) stallion / have fallen B) the athletes / had fallen C) the horses / has fallen
D) children / are falling E) the competition / was falling

12. My daughter got a better mark for her last French written composition because there
were ____ mistakes in it.

A) little B) much C) many D) fewer E) the least

13. In the USA, the number of representatives in government varies according to the
population of a state, but there are two senators for ____ state.

A) both B) some C) neither D) each E) all

14. ____ employees voted against the strike even though they were dissatisfied with the
pay rise.

A) Several of B) Plenty C) Much of D) Half E) A good many

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15. After ____ wins at the amateur level, he’ll be ready to race professionally.

A) almost none B) any longer C) a few more D) much E) plenty

16. Tea and coffee contain caffeine, which is harmful, so the doctor told me to avoid
drinking ____.

A) both of them B) much of it C) all of them

D) some of it E) neither of them

17. Decades ago the notion of landing a spacecraft on ____ moon would have seemed ____
impossible feat.

A) a / --- B) some / a C) the / an D) --- / --- E) --- / the

18. If there is ____ food in the world for everyone, why do so ____ people die of
starvation?

A) little / much B) enough / many C) much / few

D) any / a lot of E) less / more

19. Of the two shops in the village, ____ sold sun cream, so he had to keep a long-sleeved
shirt on all day.

A) no B) both C) none D) neither E) either

20. The best goal of the match was ____, but ____ were pretty spectacular as well.

A) my / theirs B) my brother / I C) him / mine

D) the forward’s / your E) Simon’s / you

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21. The new dress my sister bought didn’t fit ____ so she gave it to ____.

A) she / you B) her / me C) hers / mine

D) mine / hers E) herself / ours

22. He felt as if ____ world was watching and waiting for him to make a mistake in the
play, but in fact, it was only the village boy scout club.

A) all B) every C) most D) a lot of E) the whole

23. She had ____reasons to dislike her job, but I don’t know exactly why she left.

A) a little B) much C) a whole D) some of E) plenty of

24. The company is so stable that you can buy shares in it with almost ____ risk of losing
any money.

A) any B) none C) no D) few E) much

25. Two smartly dressed doormen stood at ____ side of the hotel’s entrance.

A) either B) whole C) all D) every E) both

26. We rang ____hotels before we found ____with vacant rooms.

A) several / one B) much / a little C) each / some

D) every / any E) the whole / much

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27. The teacher said that we could write on ____sides of the paper, but to start a new
page for ____question.

A) either / every B) both / each C) some / all

D) all / some E) the whole / any

28. ____ of seagulls followed the tractor as the farmer ploughed the field.

A) Many more B) Almost all C) Only some

D) A large number E) Hardly any

29. It takes ____ of dedication to become a top-class athlete.

A) enough B) nearly every C) a great deal

D) many more E) each one

30. If Richard had ____ patience, he would have ____ arguments with the manager.

A) little / much B) enough / little C) less / plenty

D) more / fewer E) a few / less

31. ____ cashier underwent the company’s training scheme before starting to work her.

A) A great many B) Several C) Both D) All E) Every

32. Up until recent years, blacks in the Southern USA suffered ____ injustice.

A) several B) plenty C) a lot of D) a great many E) fewer

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33. After the oil spill from the huge tanker, the ____ beach was covered in thick black oil.

A) whole B) all C) many D) every E) much

34. We can see the Shrewsbury Town football pitch from the window of our shop.
Yesterday, I was watching ____ them play through the window, but stopped when ____
customer came in.

A) any / a B) a / the C) a / --- D) --- / a E) --- / the

35. In 1991, the remains of ____ Neolithic hunter, which were 5,300 years old, were
discovered high in ____Alps.

A) the / --- B) a / some C) --- / a D) a / an E) a / the

36. Do you know ____ name of ____ American author Bill Bryson’s latest book?

A) a / --- B) a / an C) the / the D) the / --- E) --- / an

37. Celebrating the end of one year and the start of a new one is an age-old religious,
social, and cultural observance in almost ____ part of the world.

A) all B) every C) either D) neither E) whole

38. ____ albatross, ____largest and most majestic sky bird, has ____ wingspan of over nine
feet.

A) --- / the / --- B) The / a / the C) An / --- / the

D) The / the / a E) An / a / a

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39. If I had ____ fabric left, I could make a dress, but I think I’ve only got ____ to make a
skirt.

A) a great deal of / some B) plenty / a few C) a few more / much

D) a number of / some E) a little more / enough

40. Cyanide leaked into ____ Mersey Canal, and ____ ninemile stretch of ____ canal was
affected.

A) the / the / a B) --- / --- / a C) a / a / ---

D) --- / the / --- E) the / a / the

41. I went into town specially to buy a jacket for the Christmas party, but I didn’t see
____ that I liked.

A) a few B) any C) all D) much E) some

42. As ____ British athlete in this discipline reached the qualifying time, Britain won’t be
represented in this event at the Olympics.

A) no B) few C) little D) hardly any E) fewer

43. Throughout the history of the country, ____ French, along with most of the other
people of the world, have paid little attention to the quality of ____natural environment.

A) some / --- B) a / them C) the / their

D) --- / its E) many / theirs

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44. Diamonds have ____ uses. In addition to the obvious use in jewellery, they have ____
number of industrial applications.

A) much / any B) many / a C) plenty of / the

D) some / each E) more / every

45. ____ the painters have achieved so far is to make the office look more of a mess than
it did this morning.

A) The whole B) Some C) All D) None E) A little

46. Let’s go somewhere for a cup of tea I don’t want to go to any more shops as I’ve
spent ____ already.

A) several B) a lot of C) a few

D) many more E) too much

47. Despite all ____ efforts, neither Susan’s composition nor ____ was good enough to
impress the teacher.

A) ourselves / me B) us / myself C) ours / my

D) our / mine E) us / ourselves

48. The richness of Asia’s cultures is reflected in ____ arts and literature.

A) theirs B) it C) its D) them E) itself

49. The teacher said that if Joseph caused ____ trouble in class, she would send his
mother a letter.

A) any more B) far few C) a number of D) so many E) several

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50. Herman Melville’s book ‘Moby Dick’ tells of the adventures of Captain Ahab, who loses
____ leg in his struggle with ____whale.

A) the / the B) a / a C) --- / any D) any / the E) some / a

51. A: Which of these wallpaper designs would you like in the living? B: ____. ____ look
horrible. Why can’t we just paint the walls?

A) All / None B) Neither / Both C) Either / Whole

D) None / Some E) Every / Each

52. I wonder if ____ of our neighbours would look after our cat while we are away.

A) the whole B) few C) little D) either E) every

53. ____ of the competitors was badly affected by the extreme heat and passed out.

A) Some B) No C) A few D) One E) All

54. I would like her more if she showed ____ consideration for others.

A) fewer B) several C) a little D) too much E) many

55. I’m glad we bought the new lawnmower. Now I can mow the lawn using ____ the
effort.

A) fewer B) none C) much D) all E) half

56. Smog may appear brownish in colour when it contains high concentrations of nitrogen
dioxide, or it may look blue-grey when it contains large amounts of ozone. In ____ case,
prolonged exposure will damage lung tissue.

A) both B) either C) none D) all E) some

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57. In ____ mid-1970s, people became aware of the phenomenon called ____acid rain.

A) the / --- B) --- / an C) a / an D) a / the E) the / an

58. The word deafness is used to describe ____ degree of hearing loss, though it is most
commonly used where there is ____ total inability to hear.

A) some / much B) the / some C) a / many

D) every / an E) any / a

59. Although the Australian author Peter Carey’s first three novels were well received, his
fourth book received ____ criticism than acclaim.

A) too many B) any longer C) far more D) plenty of E) so much

60. Despite the scarcity of arable land, ____ the population in the Middle East is engaged
in farming.

A) a lot more B) almost none C) so much

D) a good deal of E) a great many of

Answer

1: A 2: A 3: B 4: E 5: C 6: D 7: A 8: E 9: B 10: C 11: C 12: D 13: D 14: E 15: C 16: A 17: C 18:

B 19: D 20: E 21: B 22: E 23: E 24: C 25: A 26: A 27: B 28: D 29: C 30: D 31: E 32: C 33: A 34:
D 35: E 36: C 37: B 38: D 39: E 40: E 41: B 42: A 43: C 44: B 45: C 46: E 47: D 48: C 49: A 50:
B 51: B 52: D 53: D 54: C 55: E 56: B 57: A 58: E 59: C 60: D

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 Vocabulary

Words English Meaning Bangla Meaning

burgeon to grow and flourish বফকব঱ত ঴ওয়া, দ্রুত বফড়ে ওঠা

burnish to polish ঘব঳য়া ভাবিয়া চক্চড়ক কযা,

চাকবচকয

buttress to reinforce; support বঠকাড়না, ঱বি঱ারী কযা

cacophonous unpleasant or harsh-sounding ককক঱, বফ঳ু ড়যা

cadge to beg; sponge ববক্ষা কযা, ববক্ষা চাওয়া

callous thick-skinned; insensitive অনু বূবত঴ীন, বনভকভ

calumny false and malicious accusation; করঙ্ক, বভথ্যা অ঩ফাদ, দু নকাভ

slander

canard false; deliberately misleading বভথ্যা গুিফ

story

canon an established set of principles; a ফযফ঴াবযক আদ঱ক, ননবতক আদ঱ক

basis or standard for judgment; a
group of literary works

cant insincere talk; language of a আন্তবযকতা঴ীন কথ্া, বণ্ডাবভ঩ূ র্ক

particular group কথ্াফাতকা

cantankerous irritable; ill-humored বফড়দ্রৃল঩ূ র্,ক ফদড়ভিািী, ঝগোড়ে

capricious fickle খাভড়খয়ারী, চঞ্চর

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captious faultfinding; intended to entrap, বদালগ্রা঴ী, বিদ্রাড়েলী, কূে
as in an argument ঳ভাড়রাচনা঩ূ র্ক

cardinal of foremost importance অতযাফ঱যক, অ঩বয঴ামক, প্রধান

carnal of the flesh or body; related to ঱াযীবযক

physical appetites

carping to find fault; complain বিদ্রাড়েলী, বদালগ্রা঴ী, খুুঁতখুুঁত

cartography science of making maps ভানবচত্রবনভকানবফদযা

caste any of the hereditary social িাবত, ফর্ক

classes in Hindu society; social
stratification

castigation punishment; chastisement; বনন্দা, কড়ঠায ঳ভাড়রাচনা

criticism

cataclysm a violent upheaval that causes প্ররয়, প্লাফন

great destruction and change

catalyst something that causes change প্রবাফক, অনু ঘেক

categorical absolute; without exception বনিঃ঱তক, ঳ু বনবিত,

caucus smaller group within an বকাড়না দড়রয ঳ংগঠনী কবভবে

organization

causal involving a cause কামককাযর্঳ম্বন্ধীয়, কাযর্ফাচক

caustic burning; stinging; causing দগ্ধকাযক, দা঴ক

corrosion

celestial concerned with sky or heavens; স্বগকীয়, অ঩াবথ্কফ

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 sublime

centrifugal moving away from a center বকন্দ্রাবতগ, বকুঁদ্রা঩঳াযী

centripetal moving or directed toward a বকন্দ্রভুখী, অববড়কবন্দ্রক

center

champion to defend or support যক্ষক, ঳ভথ্কন কযা,

chasten to correct by punishment or ঳ংমত কযা, ভাবিকত কযা, ব঱াধন

reproof; to restrain or subdue কযা

chicanery trickery; fraud চাতুযী, প্রতাযর্া

chivalry the qualities idealized by ফীযত্ব

knighthood such as bravery and
gallantry toward women

churlish rude; boorish অ঳বয, অবদ্র, ইতয

circuitous roundabout আুঁকাফাুঁকা, চক্রাকায,

clairvoyant one who can predict the future; অড়রাকদৃ বি঳ং঩ন্ন ফযবি
psychic

clamor noisy outcry বকারা঴র, বগারভার

clique a small, exclusive group বগাষ্ঠী, উ঩দর, ক্ষুদ্র দর

cloister to confine; seclude বনিকনফা঳, আফদ্ধ যাখা

coagulate thicken; congeal িভাে ফাুঁধা, ঘনীবূ ত কযা

coalesce to cause to become one ঳ভড়ফত ঴ত্তয়া, ঳ংমু ি ঴ওয়া

coda concluding part of a literary or একবে ঳াব঴তয ফা ঳ঙ্গীত যচনায

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 musical composition; something ঳ভাবি অং঱
that summarizes or concludes

codify to systematize বফবধফদ্ধ কযা

cognizant informed; conscious; aware জ্ঞানী, অফগত

collage artistic composition of materials ন঱বিক যচনা মা বফববন্ন উ঩াদাড়নয

pasted over a surface; an ঳ভাড়ফ঱
assemblage of diverse elements

commensurate proportional ঳াভঞ্জ঳য঩ূ র্,ক ঳াভানু ঩াবতক

compendium brief, comprehensive summary ঳ংকরন, ঳াযভভক, ঳ায঳ংড়ক্ষ঩

complacent self-satisfied আত্মতুবি, আত্ম঳ন্তুি

complaisant overly polite; willingness to ঳ু ঱ীর , ব঱ি, বফনয়ী

comply with the wishes of others

complement something that completes or ঩বয঩ূ যক, ঩ূ যক ঴ত্তয়া, ঳ম্পূ র্ক

makes up a whole কযা

compliant yielding অনু ফতকী, ফাধয

compunction uneasiness caused by guilt অনু ড়঱াচনা, বফড়ফক-দং঱ন

concave curving inward অফতর

conciliatory overcoming distrust or hostility ঳ভড়ঝাতাভূ রক, নভত্রী঳ূ চক,

নভত্রী঳ূ চক

concoct to invent উদ্ভাফন কযা

concomitant existing concurrently ঳঴গাভী, ঳ংমু ি, ঳঴ঘবেত

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condone to overlook voluntarily; forgive ক্ষভা কযা, উড়঩ক্ষা কযা

confound to baffle; perplex; mix up বফভ্রান্ত কযা, ঴তফুবদ্ধ কযা

congenial similar in tastes and habits; অনু কূর, ঳ভপ্রকৃবতবফব঱ি

friendly; suited to

conjugal pertaining to marriage agreement দাম্পতয, বফফাব঴ত িীফন ঳ম্পবককত

connoisseur expert in matters of taste; expert গুর্গ্রা঴ী

knowledge or training

conscript a person compulsorily enrolled আইনফড়র কাউড়ক ন঳নযদড়র বমাগ

for military service বদড়ত ফাধয কযা

consecrate to declare sacred ঩বফত্র কযা

contend to assert তককবফতকক কযা, প্রবতড়মাবগতা কযা

contentious quarrelsome; causing quarrels বফতবককত, কর঴঩যায়র্, ঝগোড়ে

contiguous touching; neighboring; connecting ঳ংরগ্ন, ঩ার্শ্কফতকী, বনকেস্থ

without a break

continence self-control; abstention from আত্ম঳ংমভ

sexual activity

contrite very sorrowful for a wrong; অনু তি, অনু তা঩ী

seeking forgiveness

contumacious disobedient; rebellious অফাধয, একগুুঁড়য়, একগুুঁড়য়

conundrum riddle; puzzle with no solution ধাুঁধা, প্রড়঴বরকা

convention practice widely observed in a প্রচবরত যীবত

group; custom; accepted

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 technique or device

converge to approach; come together; tend একবত্রত

to meet

convex curved outward উত্তর

convivial sociable ঳াভাবিক, বভশুক, প্রপুল্ল

convoluted twisted; complicated িবের, কুণ্ডবরত

copious abundant; plentiful প্রচুয, ঩মকাি, অড়ের

coquette woman who flirts ঩ুরুড়লয ভনড়বারাড়না নাযী

cornucopia horn overflowing with fruit and প্রাচুড়মক ঩বয঩ূ র্ক বাণ্ডায
grain; state of abundance

cosmology study of the universe as a ঳ৃ বিতত্ত্ব

totality; theory of the origin and
structure of the universe

covert hidden; secret বগা঩ন, িদ্ম, গুি

covetous desiring something owned by রারাবয়ত, বরাবী, অববরালী

another

cozen to mislead by trick or fraud; ঠকাড়না, প্রতাযর্া কযা, ফঞ্চনা কযা

deceive

craven cowardly কা঩ুরূল, বীরু

credence acceptance of something as true বফর্শ্া঳, প্রতযয়

credo statement of belief or principle; বফর্শ্া঳, ধভকভত

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 creed

daunt to discourage; intimidate; বয় বদখাড়না, বীত কযা

dishearten

dearth scarcity অবাফ, অপ্রাচুমক, দু ষ্প্রা঩যতা

debauchery corruption রাম্পেয, ফযববচায

decorum proper behavior ঱ারীনতা, বদ্রতা

defame to malign; harm someone's বনন্দা কযা, ভান঴াবন কযা, অ঩ফাদ

reputation বদত্তয়া

default to fail to act অক্ষভতা, অচর ঴ত্তয়া

deference respect; regard for another's wish ঳ম্মান, ঳শ্রদ্ধ ফাধযতা

defunct no longer existing বফরু ি, অপ্রচবরত

delineate to represent or depict ফর্কনা কযা, বচবত্রত কযা

demographic related to population balance িন঳ংখযা ঳ংক্রান্ত

demotic pertaining to people গর্তাবিক, িনগর্঳ংক্রান্ত

demur to express doubt; question or ঳ংড়কাচ, বদ্রৃধা কযা

oppose

denigrate to slur someone's reputation অ঩ভান কযা, ব঴য় কযা

denizen an inhabitant; a regular visitor নাগবযক, অবধফা঳ী

denouement outcome; unraveling of the plot একবে নােক ফা ঳াব঴ড়তযয কাড়িয

of a play or work of literature প্লে উড়মাচন কযা

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deride to mock উ঩঴া঳ কযা, ঠাট্টা কযা, বফদ্রূ঩
কযা

Answer Sheet

P1

1. E 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. E 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C

P2

1. Himself 2. Yourself 3. Myself

4. Itself 5. Themselves 6. Ourselves

P3

1. Mine 2. Hers 3. Her 4. My 5. Mine

6. Your 7. Them 8. Their 9. My 10. Yours

P4

1. That 2. Which 3. That 4. Which 5. That

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 6. Which 7. Which 8. Which 9. That 10. Which

P5

1. Who 2. who 3. Whom 4. who 5. whom

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. Whom 12. Whom 13. Who 14. who 15. whom

16. whom 17. who 18. who 19. who 20. whomever

21. whom 22. whom 23. who 24. whom 25. who

P6

1. Each other 2. One another 3. One another 4. Each other

5. Each other 6. Each other 7. One another 8. Each other

9. One another 10. One another

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