233/2

CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
MARCH/APRIL
Time: 2 hours

MARKING SCHEME

1. A. In an experiment to determine the percentage of oxygen in air, the apparatus below

were set up. Study the set up and the information provided to answer the
questions that follow.
Copper turnings
K
100
J
200
Water
300

I 400
Heat
500

Flask H (500cm3)

A 500cm3 measuring cylinder K was filled with water and assembled for gas collection.
Copper turnings were heated red hot and water was slowly passed into 500cm3 flask H
until it reached the 500cm3 mark. A colourless gas was collected in K.

(i) What was the purpose of passing water into flask H? (1 mark)
To displace air in flask H over the hot copper turnings.
(ii) What observations were made in the tube I? (1 mark)
The brown solid changes to black
(iii) Name one of the gases that is likely to be found in J. (1 mark)
Nitrogen, carbon (IV) oxide, argon, (Xeron, neon) (Any one)

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 (iv) What was the volume of the gas collected in the measuring cylinder at the end of
the experiment? (1 mark)

410cm3

(v) Calculate the percentage of oxygen in air using the above results. (2 marks)
1
( 500× 410 ) 90 × 100
×100= =18 % 1
500 500

B. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Copper (II) oxide Ice cold water

H 2 (g)

Colourless
liquid Y
Heat

(a) Give one observation made in the combustion tube after some time. (1 mark)

Black CuO turns to red-brown Cu.

(b) Write an equation for the formation of the colourless liquid Y. (1 mark)
2 H 2(g )+ O2(g) 2 H 2 O(l )

(c) What was the aim of the above experiment as demonstrated in the combustion
tube? Explain. (2 marks)

To determine the reducing property of hydrogen. 1 Hydrogen is above Cu 1

in the reactivity series, thus it reduces the oxygen from CuO.
2. Use the information below to answer the questions that follow. The letters are not the
actual symbols of the elements.

Element Atomic No. M.P0C B.P0C Ionic radius

(nm)
P 11 98 890 0.095
Q 12 650 1110 0.065
R 13 660 2470 0.050

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 S 14 1410 2360 0.041
T 15 44.2 & 590 280 0.034
U 16 113 & 119 445 0.184
V 17 -101 -35 0.181
W 18 -189 -186 -

(a) (i) Write the electronic configuration of the atoms represented by letters T
and W. (1 mark)

T - 2.8.5  ½
W - 2.8.8  ½

(ii) State the nature of the oxides of the elements represented by Q and U.
(2 marks)
Q - Basic Oxide 1
U - Acidic oxide 1

(b) Why does the elements represented by the letters T and U have two values of
melting points? (1 mark)

The two elements exhibit allotropy.

(c) Explain the following observations in terms of structure and bonding.

(i) There is an increase in boiling point from P to R. (2 marks)

There is gradual increase in the strength of the metallic bonds 1 due to
the increase in the number of delocalized (valence) electrons in the
element 1

(ii) Element S has a high boiling point. (2 marks)

The atomic radius of V is smaller than that of U. 1 V has more protons
therefore has a stronger nuclear attraction hence the smaller atomic
radius. 1

(iii) There is a decrease in boiling points from U to W. (2

marks)
Elements U, V and W have simple molecular structures 1 in which the
molecules are held by weak Van der waals forces. The Van der waals 1
forces weaken from U to W.

(d) (i) Compare the atomic radius of U and V. (1 mark)

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 The atomic radius of V is smaller than that of U. 1

(ii) Why is there no ionic for W reported in the table? (1 mark)

It has a stable electron configuration hence does not ionize.

3. (a) The solubilities of potassium nitrate and potassium bromide at different

temperatures was determined. The following data was obtained.

Temperature 0C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Solubility KNO3 5 15 26 43 61 83 105 135 165
g/100g H2O KBr 50 55 60 65 70 77 85 90 95

(i) Draw solubility curves for both salts on the same axis. (3 marks)

(ii) What was the solubility of each salt at 650C? (1 mark)

KNO3 −120 g /100 g of water ± 1 ½

KBr −¿ 87g/100g of water ± 1 ½

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 (iii) 100g of a saturated solution of potassium nitrate at 700C was cooled to
200C. What mass of the crystals will be crystallized? (2 marks)

At 700C solubility = 135g/100g of water

If 235g contain 135g of salt
100g contain 135g
100× 135
=57.4468 g ½
235

At 200C solubility = 26g/100g of water

If 126g contain 26g of salt
100g contain ?
100× 26
=20.6349 g ½
126
Mass which will crystallized
57.4468 – 20.6349
= 36.8119g

(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Solid A Dil. HCl Solution

Metal Heat + C
carbonate Gas B

A few drops of
NH3(aq)
Deep blue
Excess of
solution E Solid D
NH3(aq)

(i) Write an equation for the formation of solid A and gas B. (1 mark)

CuCO3 (s) heat CuO(s )+ CO2 (g)

(ii) Name;
Solution C - Copper (II) chloride (1 mark)
Solid D - Copper (II) hydroxide (1 mark)

(c) Write the formula of the complex ion in solution E. (1 mark)

2+
Cu(NH ¿¿ 3)4 ¿

4. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

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 III II
CH 3 COONa NaOH CH 4 CH 3 Cl
Heat
W
Na2CO3 NaOH

CH 3 COOH I CH 3 COO CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
+¿ ¿
KM n O4 H NaOH
IV
Q Na CH 3 CH 2 OH
CH 3 COONa CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH

V X Z
HI
CH 2=CH 2 R

VI

H H

C C
Y
H H
n

(a) Name substance. (3 marks)

X - Sodium ethonoate 1
Q - Sodium ethoxide 1
R - Iodoethane 1
(b) Write down an equation for the reaction represented by step III. (1 mark)

CH 3 COONa ( s) + NaOH (aq) CH 4 (g) + Na2 CO3 (s)

(c) What are the conditions and reagent required for steps?

(i) I (2 marks)
Reagent - Propan-l-ol 1
Condition - Conc. H2SO4 1

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 (ii) IV (2 marks)
Reagent - Conc. H2SO4 1
Condition - Temp 160 – 1800C 1

(b) Name the process represented by: (4 marks)

I - Esterification
II - Substitution
IV - Oxidation
V - Dehydration

5. I. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.

Substance A Substance B

Step I
Oxygen
Catalyst F Oxygen
Ammonia gas Colourless Brown gas
Step II gas D

Water

Nitric (V)
acid
(a) Identify substances. (3 marks)
A - Hydrogen
B - Nitrogen
D - NO

(b) State the catalyst necessary for; (2 marks)

Step I - Iron finely divided / iron
Step II - Platinum – rhodium catalyst

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for taking place in step II. (1 mark)
4NH(3) + SO2 2NO(g) + 6H2O
(d) Write two balanced chemical equations for the reaction between chlorine
Gas and;
(i) Hot and concentrated sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)

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 6NaOH(aq) + 3Cl2(g) NaClO3(aq) + 5NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(ii) Dilute and cold sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)
2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 NaOCl + NaCl + H2O
II. The diagram below shows an experiment in which the Lead (II) nitrate crystals are
heated.
Powdered
Pb(NO3)2
Gas Y

Ice
Liquid P

(a) Name; (2 marks)

(i) Liquid P - dinitrogen tetra oxide

(ii) Gas Y - oxygen

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of Lead (II) nitrate.
(1 mark)
2 Pb ( NO 3 )2 2 PbO(s )+ 4 NO 2(s )+O 2(g)

(c) Explain how you can distinguish between nitrogen (II) oxide and nitrogen (I) oxide.
(2 marks)
 Nitrogen (V) oxide relights a glowing splint while nitrogen (II) oxide does not.
 N2O has xtic sweet smell, while. NO2 is odourless.

6. I. Study the standard electrode potentials given below and answer the questions that
follow.
θ
¿ −¿D( s) E =−2.92 V ¿
D2+
(aq) +2 e ¿

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 θ
−¿ G(s ) E =−2.36 V ¿
G2+¿
(aq)+ 2 e ¿

2+¿
1 −¿J
θ
E =0.00 V ¿
J +e (s )
¿
2 ( g)
θ
−¿ M (s ) E =+0.34 V ¿
M 2+¿
(aq )+ 2e ¿

2+¿
1 −¿ R
θ
E =2.87 V ¿
R +e ( s)
¿
2 ( aq)

(a) Identify the strongest:

(i) Reducing agent D (1 mark)
(ii) Oxidizing agent R2+ (1 mark)
(b) Calculate the e.m.f of a cell made of G and M. (2 marks)

e.m.f = Eθ R−E θ O
= +0.34−❑−¿2.36 ¿
= +2.70V

(c) Write the cell representation for the above cell in (b). (1 mark)
2+¿ 2+¿
G(s) G(aq) ¿ M (aq ) M (s) ; E=+2.70 V ¿ Penalize for lack of states and E
value

(d) Draw a cell diagram for the cell in (b) above. (2 marks)

Workability 1
Labelling 1

G(s) M(s)

2+¿
M 2+¿
(aq ) ¿
G (aq) ¿

(e) Saltfor
Write the cell reaction bridge
the drawn cell diagram in (d) above. (1 mark)
2+¿
G(s) + M (aq) ¿ G2+¿
(aq)+ M (s) ; E=+2.70 V ¿

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 II. Electrolysis of aqueous solution of metal M resulted in the deposition of 1.07g of
metal upon passage of a current of 1.32 amperes for 75 minutes.
(M = 52, 1F = 96500C)

(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. (1 mark)

Q=1 t
¿ 1.32 ×75 ×60 ½
¿ 5940 C ½

(ii) Calculate the charge on the metal ion. (3 marks)

If 1.07g is departed by 5940C

52g “ “
52× 5940
=288,672.8972C 1
1.07

If 1F is 96500C
? “ 288672.8972C

1× 288,672.8972
1
96500

¿ 2.994
3
+3 1

7. Extraction of iron involves two main processes, smelting and refining. Below is the blast
furnace which is used to smelt iron from its ore.

CO2, CO
as waste 10
 3000C
C
Carbon (IV) oxide 5000C
recycled

6000C
B

8000C
A
Fire brick lining
Hot air blast from
16000C stove

Slag
Slag tap
Iron
Molten iron from
tap

(a) (i) What does the word smelt mean? (1 mark)

Extraction of a metal from its ore using a reducing agent and heat.

(ii) Name the reducing agent in the process. (1 mark)

Carbon ( in form of coke)
(iii) What is the role of the hot air blast in the process? (2 marks)
Hot air reacts with coke to form carbon (IV) oxide producing a lot of heat
which melts the iron formed in the blast furnace.

(b) Write equations for the reactions that take place at the region marked A, B and C.
(3 marks)
A C(s )+O(2) CO 2 (g)

B CO 2(g )+C (s) 2CO (g)

C 2 Fe2 O3(s) +3 C(s) 4 Fe(s )+ 3CO 2 (g)

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(c) What is the purpose of limestone in the extraction process? (1 mark)

To remove silica impurities in the ore.

(f) Write equations to show how impurities are removed from the ore.
(3 marks)
heat+CO
CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) 2(g )

CaO(s )+ SiO 2(s) CaSiO3(s )

Al2 O3(s )+CaO (s) CaAl2 O 4(s )

slag

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