CHAPTER

1 Real Numbers
Decimal form of Real Numbers

Mathematics-X 1
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. A number N when divided by 16 gives the remainder 5. ______ is the remainder
when the same number is divided by 8.
2. HCF of 33 × 54 and 34 × 52 is ________ .
3. If a = xy2 and b = x3y5 where x and y are prime numbers then LCM of (a, b) is
_____ .
4. In the given factor tree, find x and y

2 x

5 7

5. If n is a natural number, then 252n – 92n is always divisible by :

(a) 16 (b) 34
(c) both 16 or 34 (d) None of these

6. Given HCF (2520, 6600) = 120 and LCM (2520, 6600) is 252k, then value of
‘k' is
(a) 165 (b) 550
(c) 990 (d) 1650

7. The product of HCF and LCM of the smallest prime number and the smallest
composite number is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8

2 Mathematics-X
8. If the LCM of two numbers is 3600, then which of the following cannot be their
HCF?
(a) 600 (b) 500
(c) 400 (d) 150
9. The ratio of HCF and LCM of the least prime number and the least composite
number is:
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:1
(c) 1:3 (d) 1:1
10. The greatest number which divides both 30 and 80, leaving. remainder 2 and 3
respectively is:
(a) 10 (b) 7
(c) 14 (d) 11
11. All decimal numbers are
(a) rational numbers (b) irrational numbers
(c) real numbers (d) integers
12. Which of these numbers always end with the digits 6.
(a) 4n (b) 2n (c) 6n (d) 8n
13. Write the prime factor of 2 × 7 × 11 × 13 × 17 + 21
14. Write the form in which every odd integer can be written taking t as variable.
15. Find the least number which is divisible by all numbers from 1 to 10 (both
inclusive).
16. The numbers 525 and 3000 are divisible by 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75. What is the
HCF of 525 and 3000?
17. What is x : y in the given factor-tree?
x

2 210

2 105

3 35

5 y

Mathematics-X 3
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-I
18. Show that 12n cannot end with the digit 0 or 5 for any natural number n.
(NCERT Examplar)
19. What is the smallest number by which 5 − 3 is to be multiplied to make it a
rational number? Also find the number so obtained?

20. Find one rational number and one irrational number between 2 and 5.

21. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form 13m – 3, find the value of m.
(CBSE 2014)
22. Find the value of : (–1)n + (–1)2n + (–1)2n + 1 + (–1)4n+2, where n is any positive
odd integer. (CBSE 2016)
23. Two tankers contain 850 litres and 680 litres of petrol respectively. Find the
maximum capacity of a container which can measure the petrol of either tanker
in exact number of times. (CBSE 2016)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-II

24. Express 2658 as a product of its prime factors.
25. If 7560 = 23 × 3p × q × 7, find p and q.
26. Prove that 3  5 is irrational number..

3
27. Prove that 5 – 3 is an irrational number..
7

1
28. Prove that is an irrational number..
2– 5

29. Find HCF and LCM of 56 and 112 by prime factorization method.
30. Explain why:
(i) 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 15 is a composite number
(ii) 11 × 13 × 17 + 17 is a composite number.
(iii) 1 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 + 3 × 7 is a composite number.

4 Mathematics-X
31. On a morning walk, three persons steps off together and their steps measure 40
cm, 42 cm, and 45 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should
walk, so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps?
(NCERT Exemplar)
32. During a sale, colour pencils were being sold in the pack of 24 each and crayons
in the pack of 32 each. If you want full packs of both and the same number of
pencils and crayons, how many packets of each would you need to buy?
(CBSE : 2017)
33. Find the largest number that divides 31 and 99 leaving remainder 5 and 8
respectively. (CBSE 2017)
34. The HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65 m – 117. Find the value of
m. Also find the LCM of 65 and 117 using prime factorisation method.
35. Find HCF and LCM of 26, 65 and 117 using prime factorisation.
36. Find the HCF of 180, 252 and 324.
37. Find the greatest number of six digits exactly divisible by 18, 24 and 36.
38. Three bells ring at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If they start ringing
together at a time, after how much time will they next ring together?
39. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m 25 cm, 6 m 75 cm and 4 m 50
cm respectively. Find the length of the longest rod that can measure the three
dimensions of the room exactly.
40. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that HCF × LCM = Product of
two given number. (CBSE 2018)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

41. Find the HCF of 56, 96, 324 by prime factorization.
42. What will be the least possible number of the planks, if three pieces of timber
42 m. 49 m, and 63 m long have to be divided into planks of the same length?
43. Amit, Sunita and Sumit start preparing cards for all the persons in an old age
home. In order to complete one card, they take 10, 16 and 20 minutes
respectively. If they all started together, after what time will they begin preparing
a new card together?
44. Aakriti decided to distribute milk in an orphanage on her birthday. The supplier
brought two milk containers which contain 398 l and 436 l of milk. The milk is

Mathematics-X 5
 to be transferred to another containers so that 7 l and 11 l of milk is left in both
the containers respectively. What will be the maximum capacity of the
drum?
45. Find the smallest number, which when increased by 17, is exactly divisible by
both 520 and 468.
46. A street shopkeeper prepares 396 Gulab jamuns and 342 ras-gullas. He packs
them, in combination. Each containter consists of either gulab jamuns or ras-
gulla but have equal number of pieces. Find the number of pieces he should put
in each box so that number of boxes are least. How many boxes will be packed
in all. (CBSE 2016)
47. Find the number nearest to 110000 but greater than 1 lakh, which is exactly
divisible by 8, 15, 21.
48. In a seminar, the number. of participants in Hindi, English and Mathematics are
60, 84 and 108 respectively. Find the minimum number of rooms required if in
each room the same number of participants are to be seated and all of the them
being of the same subject.
49. State Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Is it possible that HCF and LCM of
two numbers be 24 and 540 respectively. Justify your answer.
50. Find the smallest number which when increased by 20 is exactly divisible by
90 and 144. Is LCM, a multiple of 144?
51. If the HCF of 1032 and 408 is expressible in the form 1032 p – 408×5, find p.
52. The LCM of two numbers is 14 times their HCF. The sum of LCM and HCF is
600. If one of the number is 280. Find the other number.

ANSWERS AND HINTS

1. 5 2. 33 × 52
3. x3 × y5 4. x = 35, y = 70
2n 2n 2n 2n
5. (c) 25 – 9 is of the form a – b which is divisible by both a – b and
a + b so, by both 25 + 9 = 34 and 25 – 9 = 16.
6. (b) 550 7. (d) 8
8. (b) 500 9. (a) 1:2
10. (c) 14 11. (c) real numbers

6 Mathematics-X
 12. (c) 6n 13. 7
14. 2t + 1 or 2t – 1 15. 2520
16. 75 17. 60 : 1
18. As 12 has factors 2, 2, 3. It doesnot has 5 as its factor so 12 n will never end
with 0 or 5.
19. 5 + 3, 2
21. HCF of 180 and 144 is 36.
13m – 3 = 36
13 m = 39
m= 3
22. Given that n is a positive odd integer
⇒ 2n and 4n + 2 are even positive integers and n and 2n + 1 are odd positive
integers.
∴ (–1)n = – 1, (–1)2n = + 1, (–1)2n + 1 = – 1, (–1)2n + 2 = + 1
∴ (–1)n + (–1)2n + (–1)2n + 1 + (–1)4n + 2 = – 1 + 1 – 1 + 1 = 0
23. HCF of 850 and 680 is 2 × 5 × 17 = 170 litres.
24. 2658 = 2 × 3 × 443
25. p = 3 and q = 5
26. Prove that 3 and 5 is irrational number separately. Sum of two irrational
number is an irrational number.
3
27. 5 is rational no. and 3 is an irrational number. Difference of a rational
7
number and irrational number is an irrational number.
29. HCF = 56, LCM = 112
30. (i) 15 × (7 × 11 × 13 + 1) as it has more than two factors so it is composite no.
Similarly for part (ii) and (iii)
31. LCM of 40, 42, 45 = 2520
Minimum distance each should walk 2520 cm.
32. LCM of 24 and 32 is 96

Mathematics-X 7
 96
96 crayons or = 3 packs of crayons
32
96
96 pencils or = 4 packs of pencils.
24
33. Given number = 31 and 99
31 – 5 = 26 and 99 – 8 = 91
Prime factors of 26 = 2 × 13
91 = 7 × 13
HCF of (26, 91) = 13.
∴ 13 is the largest number which divides 31 and 99 leaving remainder 5
and 8 respectively.
34. HCF (117, 52) = 13.
Given that 65 m – 117 = 13 ⇒ 65 m = 130 ⇒ m = 2.
LCM (65, 117) = 13 × 32 × 5 = 585
35. HCF = 13
LCM = 1170
36. HCF (324, 252, 180) = 36
37. LCM of (18, 24, 36) = 72.
Greatest six digit number = 999999

38. LCM of (9, 12, 15) = 180 minutes.

39. HCF of 8m 25 cm, 6m 75 cm and 4 m 50 cm = 75 cm
40. HCF (404, 96) = 4
LCM (404, 96) = 9696

8 Mathematics-X
 HCF × LCM = 38, 784
Also, 404 × 96 = 38,784
41. HCF (56, 96, 324) = 4
42. HCF of 42m, 49m and 63 m = 7 m
42 49 63
Number of planks = + + = 6 + 7 + 9 = 22
7 7 7
43. LCM of 10, 16 and 20 minutes = 80 minutes
44. 17
45. 4663
LCM of (468, 520) = 4680
∴ Required no. = 4680 – 17 = 4663
46. HCF (396, 342) = 18
396 + 342
No. of boxes = = 41
18
47. 109200
48. HCF of 60, 84 and 108 is 22 × 3 = 12 = No. of participants in each row.
Total number of participants
No. of rooms required =
12
60 + 84 + 108
= = 21 rooms
12
49. HCF =24, LCM = 540
LCM 540
= = 22.5, not an integer.
HCF 24
Hence two numbers cannot have HCF and LCM as 24 and 540 respectively.
50. [The LCM of (90, 144) – 20] = Required No.
⇒ Required No. = 700
51. p=2
52. HCF = 40, LCM = 560
∴ Other No. = 80.

Mathematics-X 9
 PRACTICE-TEST
Real Number
Time : 45 Minutes M.M. : 20
SECTION A
1. Check whether 17 × 19 × 21 × 23 + 7 is a composite number. 1
2. What is the LCM of the smallest 2 digit number and the smallest composite
number? 1
3. Find the HCF of x4y5 and x8y3 . 1
4. Find the LCM of 14 and 122 . 1
SECTION B
n
5. Show that 9 can never ends with unit digit zero. 2
6. Find the pairs of the natural numbers whose least common multiple is 78 and the
greatest divisor is 13.
7. Find prime factors of 7650 using factor tree.
2

SECTION C
8. Prove that 3 − 2 5 is an irrational number.. 3

9. Find the HCF of 36, 96 and 120 by prime factorization. 3

SECTION D
10. Once a sports goods retailer organized a campaign “Run to remember” to spread
awareness about benefits of walking. In that Soham and Baani participated.
There was a circular path around a sports field. Soham took 12 minutes to drive
one round of the field, while Baani took 18 minutes for the same. Suppose they
started at the same point and at the same time and went in the same direction.
After how many minutes have they met again at the starting point? 4

10 Mathematics-X
CHAPTER

2 Polynomials

Mathematics-X 11
12 Mathematics-X
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. If one zero of the polynomial P(x) = 5x2 + 13x + k is reciprocal of the other, then
value of k is
1
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d) 6
6
2. If α and β are then zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = x2 – p(x + 1) – c such that
(α + 1) (β + 1) = 0, then c = _______ .
3. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b) – 10 (c) 5 (d) – 5
2
4. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x + (a + 1)x + b are 2 and – 3, then
(a) a = – 7, b = – 1 (b) a = 5, b = – 1
(c) a = 2, b = – 6 (d) a = 0, b = – 6
5. What should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is the zero of the
resulting polynomial.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
1 1
6. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial f (x) = x2 + x + 1, then + = __.
α β
7. The number of polynomials having zeroes –3 and 5 is
(a) Only one (b) Infinite (c) Exactly two (d) at most two
8. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial x²–1, then the value of (α + β) is:
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 0
−2 2
9. Which of the following is a quadratic polynomial having zeroes and ?
3 3

4 9
(a) 4x²–9 (b) (9 x ² + 4) (c) x ² + (d) 5 (9x²–4)
9 4
10. The quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 is represented by this graph then a
is

(a) Natural no. (b) Whole no. (c) Negative Integer (d) Irrational no.
Mathematics-X 13
11. If 1 is one zero of the polynomial p(x)=ax²–3(a–1)x–1, then find the value of ‘a’.

 
12. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5 + 2 3 and 5 – 2 3  
13. If one zero of p(x) = 4x2 – (8k2 – 40k) x – 9 is negative of the other, then find the
values of k.
14. What number should be subtracted to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is a
zero of polynomial so obtained?
15. How many (i) maximum (ii) minimum number of zeroes can a quadratic
polynomial have?
16. What will be the number of real zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 1?
17. If α and β are zeroes of polynomial 6x2 – 7x – 3, then form a quadratic polynomial
where zeroes are 2α and 2β
1
18. If α and are zeroes of 4x2 – 17x + k – 4, find the value of k.
α
19. What will be the number of zeroes of the polynomials whose graphs are parallel
to (i) y-axis (ii) x-axis?
20. What will be the number of zeroes of the polynomials whose graphs are either
touching or intersecting the axis only at the points:
(i) (–3, 0), (0, 2) & (3, 0) (ii) (0, 4), (0, 0) & (0, –4)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

21. For what value of k, x2 – 4x + k touches x-axis?
22. If the product of zeroes of ax2 – 6x – 6 is 4, find the value of a. Hence find the
sum of its zeroes.
23. If zeroes of x2 – kx + 6 are in the ratio 3 : 2, find k.
24. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial (k2 + k)x2 + 68x + 6k is reciprocal of the
other, find k.
25. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 5x + m such that α – β = 1, find m.

26. If the sum of squares of zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 8x + k is 40, find the value
of k.
27. If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial t2 – t – 4, form a quadratic polynomial
1 1
whose zeroes are and .
α β
14 Mathematics-X
28. If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial 2x² + 7x + 5, then find (α – β ).

29. If m and n are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x2 + 11x – 4, find the value of
m n
+ .
n m
(CBSE, 2012)

3+ 5 3− 5
30. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are and .
5 5
(CBSE, 2013)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

31. Find the zeroes of the polynomial x²–3x–m (m+3)

32. Obtain zeroes of 4 3 x 2  5 x – 2 3 and verify relation between its zeroes and
coefficients.
33. Form a quadratic polynomial, whose one zero is 8 and the product of zeroes is
–56.
34. –5 is one of the zeroes of 2x2 + px – 15, and zeroes of p(x2 + x) + k are equal to
each other. Find the value of k.
35. Find the value of k such that 3x2 + 2kx + x – k – 5 has the sum of zeroes as half of
their product.
36. If zeroes of the polynomial ax2 + bx – c, a ≠ 0 are additive inverse of each other
then what is the value of b?
37. If α and β are zeroes of x2 – x – 2, find a polynomial whose zeroes are (2α + 1) and
(2β + 1)
38. If α, β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 + 5 + k, then find the value of ‘k’
such that (α + β)2 – αβ = 24.
39. If one zero of the polynomial 2x2 – 3x + p is 3, find the other zero and the value of
‘p’.
40. Find a quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their sum is 15.

Mathematics-X 15
 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
41. If (x + a) is a factor of two quadratic polynomials x2 + px + q and x2 + mx + n,
then prove that a = (n – q)/(m – p)
42. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 4x2 – 8kx + 8x – 9 is the negative of the
other, then find the zeroes of kx2 + 3kx + 2?
43. If α, β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 5x – 3, then form a polynomial
whose zeroes are (2α + 3β) and (3α + 2β).
44. If one zero of the polynomial (k + 1) x2 – 5x + 5 is multiplicative inverse of the other,
then find the zeroes of kx2 – 3kx + 9.
45. If the product of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial kx2 + 11x + 42 is 7, then find
the zeroes of the polynomial (k – 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 5.
46. If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 3, find the polynomial whose
β α
zeroes are 1 + and 1 + .
α β

47. Form a quadratic polynomial one of whose zero is 2 + 5 and sum of the zeroes
is 4.
48. Form a polynomial whose zeroes are the reciprocal of the zeroes of p(x) = ax2 +
bx + c, a ≠ 0.
49. If (x + 2) is a factor of x2 + px + 2q and p + q = 4 then what are the values of
p and q?
50. If sum of the zeroes of 5x2 + (p + q + r)x + pqr is zero, then find p3 + q3 + r3.
51. If the zeroes of x2 + px + q are double in value to the zeroes of 2x2 – 5x – 3 find
p and q.

ANSWERS AND HINTS

1. (b) 5 2. 1
3. (b) –10 4. (d) a = 0, b = –6
5. (b) 2 6. – 1
7. (b) Infinite 8. (d) α + β = 0
9. (d) 5 (9x²–4) 10. (c) Negative Integer
11. a = 1 12. x2 – 10x + 13

16 Mathematics-X
 13. k = 0, 5 14. (– 2)
15. (i) 2 (ii) 0 16. 0
17. k [3x2 – 7x – 6] 18. k = 8
19. (i) 1 (ii) 0 20. (i) 2 (ii) 1

3
21. 4 22. a = − , sum of zeroes = − 4
2
23. – 5, 5 24. 5
25. 6 26. 12
2
27. 4t + t – 1

3
28. α − β = ±
2
2
 11  4
 −  − 2 − 
m n m 2 + n2 ( m + n) 2 − 2 mn  3  3 145
29. + = = = =−
4 12
n m mn mn −
3
6 4
30. α + β = , αβ = , 31. m+3, –m
5 25
k (25x2 – 30x + 4)
2 3
32. − ,
3 4
33. αβ = –56 and β = – 7
so, α = 8, Now α + β = 1
Required polynomial is x2 – x – 56
7
34. 35. 1
4
36. b = 0 37. x2 – 4x – 5
38. (α + β) = – 5/2 and αβ = k/2
−71
Substituting the above values in (α + β)2 – αβ = 24. Solve to get ‘k’ = .
2

Mathematics-X 17
39. 3 is a zero, so 2(3)2 – 3 × 3 + p = 0
c −3
p = 9, Now αβ = , solve to get the other zero .
a 2
40. α : β = 2:3. So α = 2β/3
Using (α + β) = 15, solve to get α and β as 9 and 6 respectively.
Required polynomial is x2 – 15x + 54
41. Since (x + 2) is a factor of x2 + px + q
(–a)2 – ap + q = 0
(–a)2 = ap – q ..............(1)
Similarly from x2 + mx + n
(a)2 = am – n ........ (2)
Comparing equatin (1) and (2)
a = (n – q)/(m – p)
42. f ( x) = 4 x 2 + (8 − 8k ) x − 9

(α + β) = −(8 − 8k ) / 4
k=1
Substitute k = 1 and solve for x = –2 and –1
43. For given polynomial, (α + β) = 5, αβ = –3
For Required polynomial
Sum of zeroes = (2α + 3β) + (3α + 2β)
= 5(a + p)
= 25
Product of zeroes = (2α + 3β)(3α + 2β)
= 6α2 + 6β2 + 13αβ = 6(α2 + β2) + 13αβ
= 6 [(α + β)2 –2αβ] + 13αβ
= 147
Required polynomial is x2 – 25x + 147
44. f(x) = (k + l)x2–5x + 5
(αβ) = 1
5/(k + 1) = 1

18 Mathematics-X
 k=4
Substituting k = 4 in kx2 − 3kx + 9 solve to get zeroes x = 3/2 and 3/2
45. f(x) = kx2 + 11x + 42
(αβ) = 7
k=6
Substituting k = 6 in (k − 4)x2 + (k + 1)x + 5, solve to get zeroes x = −1 and
x = − 5/2
16 16 1
46. x − x+ or (3 x 2 − 16 x + 16)
2
3 3 3
47. α + β = 4
(2 + 5) + β = 4

β = 2− 5

αβ = −1 ∴ Polynomial = k[ x 2 − 4 x − 1]

 2 b a
48. k  x + x + 
 c c
49. p = 3, q = 1
50. Product of the zeroes = 3 pqr
51. p = – 5 and q = – 6

Mathematics-X 19
 PRACTICE-TEST
Polynomials

Time : 45 Minutes M.M. : 20

SECTION- A
1. If α and β are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then factorize p(x). 1
1 1
2. If α and β are zeroes of x2 – x – 1, find the value of + . 1
α β

3. If one of the zeroes of quadratic polynomial (k –1) x2 + kx + 1 is – 3 then the

value of k is, 1

4 4 2 2
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
3 3 3 3
4. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are – 3 and 4, is 1
(a) x2 – x + 12 (b) x2 + x + 12

x2 x
(c) − −6 (d) 2x2 + 2x – 24
2 2

SECTION-B
5. If α and β are zeroes of x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k –1). find the value of k if α + β =
1
αβ . 2
2

6. Find a quadratic polynomial one of whose zeroes is (3  2) and the sum

of its zeroes is 6. 2
2
7. If zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are α and then find the value of a. 2
α

20 Mathematics-X
 SECTION-C
8. If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial p(s) = 3s² – 6s+ 4, then find the value of
α/β + β/α + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ 3
9. If truth and lie are zeroes of the polynomial px2 + qx + r, (p ≠ 0) and zeroes are
reciprocal to each other, Find the relation between p and r. 3

SECTION-D

10. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 3x² +10x + 7 3 . Also verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients. 4

Mathematics-X 21
CHAPTER
Pair of Linear Equations
3 in Two Variables
KEY POINTS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y = 1 are parallel, then the value of
k is _______ .
2. If x = a and y = b is the solution of the equation x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the
values of a and b are respectively _______ .

22 Mathematics-X
3. A pair of linear equations which has a unique solution x = 2 and y = – 3 is
(a) x + y = 1 and 2x – 3y = – 5
(b) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 2x – 3y = – 22
(c) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = – 22
(d) x – 4y – 14 = 0 and 5x – y – 13 = 0
4. The area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 4 and x = y is _____ .
5. The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + 5y = 0 and kx + 10y = 0
has a non-zero solutions is ____ .
6. If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then the lines
represented by two equations are:
(a) Intersecting (b) Parallel
(c) always coincident (d) intersecting or coincident
7. For 2x + 3y = 4, y can be written in terms of x as _______ .
8. One of the common solution of ax + by = c and y axis is
 c  b
(a)  0,  (b)  0, 
b c
c   c
(c)  , 0
 (d)  0, − 
b b
9. If ax + by = c and lx + my = n has unique solution then the relation between the
coefficient will be:
(a) am ≠ lb (b) am = lb (c) ab = lm (d) ab ≠ lm
10. In ∆ABC, ∠C = 3∠B, ∠C = 2(∠A + ∠B) then, ∠A, ∠B, ∠C are respectively.
(a) 30°, 60°, 90° (b) 20°, 40°, 120°
(c) 45°, 45°, 90° (d) 110°, 40°, 50°
11. If x = 3m –1 and y = 4 is a solution of the equation x + y = 6, then find the value
of m.
12. What is the point of intersection of the line represented by 3x – 2y = 6 and the
y-axis?
13. For what value of p, system of equations 2x + py = 8 and x + y = 6 have no
solution?
14. A motor cyclist is moving along the line x – y = 2 and another motor cyclist is
moving along the line x – y = 4 find out their moving direction.
15. Find the value of k for which pair of linear equations 3x + 2y = –5 and x – ky =
2 has a unique solution.

Mathematics-X 23
16. Write the solution of y = x and y = –x.
17. If 2x + 5y = 4, write another linear equation, so that lines represented by the pair
are coincident.
18. Check whether the graph of the pair of linear equations x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 2x +
4y – 12 = 0 is intersecting lines or parallel lines.
19. What is the value of p, for which the pair of linear equations x + y = 3 and
3x + py = 9 is inconsistent.
20. If we draw lines of x = 2 and y = 3, what kind of lines do we get?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

21. Form a pair of linear equations for: The sum of the numerator and denominator
of the fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the numerator and
denominator both are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the
denominator.
22. For what value of p the pair of linear equations (p + 2)x – (2p + 1)y = 3(2p – 1)
and 2x – 3y = 7 has a unique solution.
23. ABCDE is a pentagon with BE || CD and BC || DE, BC is perpendicular to CD
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm, find x and y.
A

3 cm 3 cm

B E
5 cm
x–y

C D
x+y
24. Solve for x and y
y x 2y 2
x–  3 and – 
2 2 3 3
25. Solve for x and y
3x + 2y = 11 and 2x + 3y = 4
Also find p if p = 8x + 5y

24 Mathematics-X
26. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method x – 7y + 42 = 0 and
x – 3y – 6 = 0
27. Ram is walking along the line joining (1, 4) and (0, 6). Rahim is walking along
the line joining (3, 4) and (1, 0). Represent on graph and find the point where
both of them cross each other
28. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 12 = 0, write another linear equation in
these variables, such that. geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) Parallel Lines (ii) Coincident Lines (iii) Intersecting lines.
29. The difference of two numbers is 66. If one number is four times the other, find
the numbers.
30. For what value of k, the following system of equations will be inconsistent
kx + 3y = k – 3
12x + ky = k

SHORT ANSWERS TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

31. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations 5x – y = 5 and 3x – 2y = – 4
Also find the co-ordinates of the points where these lines intersect y-axis.
32. Solve
x y
 =a+b
a b
x y
2
+ 2 =2
a b
33. For what values of a and b the following pair of linear equations have infinite
number of solutions?
2x + 3y = 7
a(x + y) – b(x – y) = 3a + b – 2
34. Find the value of k for no solutions
(3k + 1)x + 3y – 2 = 0
2
(k + 1)x + (k – 2)y – 5 = 0
35. Solve the pair of linear equations
152x – 378y = – 74
– 378x + 152y = – 604
36. Pinky scored 40 marks in a test getting 3 marks for each right answer and
losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each
correct answer and 2 marks were deducted for each wrong answer, then Pinky
again would have scored 40 marks. How many questions were there in the test?

Mathematics-X 25
37. Father’s age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years his
age will be twice the sum of ages of two children. Find the age of the father.
38. On selling a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a shopkeeper gain
` 2000. But if he sells the T.V. at 10% gain and fridge at 5% loss, he gains
` 1500 on the transaction. Find the actual price of the T.V. and the fridge
39. Sunita has some ` 50 and ` 100 notes amounting to a total of ` 15,500. If the
total number of notes is 200, then find how many notes of ` 50 and ` 100 each,
she has.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
40. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0.
Find the co-ordinates of vertices of triangular region formed by these lines and
x-axis. Also calculate the area of this triangle.
41. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway. Two cars start with different
speeds from A and B at same time. If they move in same direction, they meet in
15 hours. If they move in opposite direction, they meet in one hour. Find their
speeds

42. The ratio of incomes of two persons A and B is 3 : 4 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 5 : 7. If their savings are ` 15,000 annually find their annual
incomes.

43. Vijay had some bananas and he divided them into two lots A and B. He sold the
first lot at the rate of ` 2 for 3 bananas and the second lot at the rate of ` 1 per
banana and got a total of ` 400. If he had sold the first lot at the rate of ` 1 per
banana and the second lot at the rate of ` 4 for 5 bananas, his total collection
would have been ` 460. Find the total number of bananas he had.
44. A railway half ticket cost half the full fare but the reservation charges are the
same on a half ticket as on a full ticket. One reserved first class ticket costs
` 2530. One reserved first class ticket and one reserved first class half ticket
from stations A to B costs ` 3810. Find the full first class fare from stations A to
B and also the reservation charges for a ticket.

45. Determine graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines y = x,
3y = x and x + y = 8. (NCERT Exemplar)

26 Mathematics-X
46. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3, x = 5 and 2x – y – 4 = 0. Also find the
area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines and the x-axis.
(NCERT Exemplar)

47. Sarthak takes 3 hours more than Nishi to walk 30 km. But if Sarthak doubles his
speed, he is ahead of Nishi by 1½ hours. Find their speed of walking.
48. In a two digit number, the ten’s place digit is 3 times the unit’s place digit. When
the number is decreased by 54, digits get reversed. Find the original number.
49. A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of the digits. If 18 is added to
the number, digits reversed. Find the number.
50. Find the values of a and b for infinite solutions
(i) 2x – (a – 4)y = 2b + 1
4x – (a – 1)y = 5b – 1
(ii) 2x + 3y = 7
2ax + ay = 28 – by

ANSWERS AND HINTS

15
1. k = 2. a = 3 and b = 1
4
3. (c) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = – 22
1
4. sq. unit 5. k ≠ 6
2
4 − 2x
6. (d) intersecting or coincident 7. y =
3
 c
8. (a)  0,  9. (a) am ≠ lb
b
10. (b) 20°, 40°, 120° 11. m = 1
12. (0, –3) 13. p = 2
–2
14. move parallel 15. k 
3

16. (0, 0) 17. 4x + 10y = 8

Mathematics-X 27
18. Parallel lines 19. p = 3
20. Intersecting lines 21. x – y = – 3, 2x – y = 1
22. p≠4 23. x = 5, y = 0
24. 4, 2 25. x = 5, y = – 2, p = 30
26. 42, 12 27. (2, 2)
28. (i) 4x + 6y + 10 = 0
(ii) 4x + 6y – 24 = 0
29. 88, 22 30. k = – 6
31. (2, 5) (0, – 5) and (0, 2) 32. x = a2, y = b2
33. a = 5, b = 1 34. k = –1
35. 2, 1 36. 40 questions
37. 45 years
38. T.V. = ` 20,000 Fridge = ` 10,000
39. ` 50 notes = 90, ` 100 notes = 110
40. Solution (3, 3), Vertices (– 1, 0) (7, 0) and (3, 3), Area = 12 square units
41. 80 km/hr , 70 km/hr
42. ` 90,000, ` 1,20,000
43. Let the no. of bananas in lots A be x and in lots B be y
2
Case I : x + y = 400 ⇒ 2x + 3y = 1200
3
4
Case 2 : x + y = 460 ⇒ 5x + 4y = 2300
5
x = 300, y = 200, Total bananas = 500.

x
44. Let the cost of full and half ticket be ` x & ` and reservation charge by
2
` y per ticket.
Case I : x + y = 2530

28 Mathematics-X
 x
Case 2 : x + y + + y = 3810
2
x = 2500, y = 30
Full first class fare is ` 2500 and reservation charge is ` 30.
45. Vertices of the triangle are (0, 0) (4, 4) (6, 2).
46. A(3, 0), B(5, 0)
C(5, 6), D(3, 2)

1 1
Area of quad. ABCD = × AB × ( AD + BC ) = × 2 × (6 + 2) = 8 sq. units.
2 2

10
47. km/hr, 5 km/hr
3
48. 93
49. 35
50. (i) 7, 3
(ii) 4, 8

Mathematics-X 29
 PRACTICE-TEST
Pair of Linear Equations In Two Variables
Time : 45 Minutes M.M. : 20
SECTION-A
1. For what value of k system of equations
x + 2y = 3 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has a unique solution. 1
2. Does the point (2, 3) lie on line represented by the graph of 3x – 2y = 5. 1
3. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically representes lines which are:
1
(a) Parallel (b) Intersecting at (b, a)
(c) Coincident (d) Intersecting at (a, b)
4. For what value of K, the equations 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 6x – Ky = –16 represent
coincident lines? 1
1 1
(a) (b) – (c) 2 (d) –2
2 2
SECTION-B
5. For what value of a and b the pair of linear equations have infinite number of
solutions
2x – 3y = 7
ax + 3y = b 2
6. Solve for x and y
0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7
0.7x – 0.2y = 0.8 2
7. If the system of equations 6x + 2y = 3 and kx + y = 2 has a unique solution, find
the value of k. 2
SECTION-C
8. Solve for x and y
x+y =a+b
ax – by = a2 – b2 3
9. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If father’s age is three times
that of his son, then find their ages. 3
SECTION-D
10. Solve the following pair of equations graphically.
3x + 5y = 12 and 3x – 5y = –18. 4
Also shade the region enclosed by these two lines and x-axis.
30 Mathematics-X