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Triangle and Bisectors

Triangle and bisectors book

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mahmed
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20 views

Triangle and Bisectors

Triangle and bisectors book

Uploaded by

mahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 14

TRIANGLE
BISECTORS
PERPENDICULAR BISECTORS
Perpendicular bisectors always cross a line segment at right
angles (90˚ ), cut ting it into two equal parts.

PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR THEOREM

If a point is on the perpendicular bisector


of a line segment, then the point is
EQUIDISTANT to the segment’s
endpoints.
at equal distances

If point P is on the perpendicular


bisector of AC , then AP = PC.

The converse of this theorem is also true.

163
CONVERSE OF PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR THEOREM

If a point is equidistant to the endpoints of a segment, then


it is on the perpendicular bisector of that segment.

If AP = PC, then point P is on


the perpendicular bisector of AC .

EXAMPLE: Find the value of x


in the figure.

Since PR is a perpendicular
bisector of QS, P is equidistant
to Q and S.

PQ = PS

2 x + 1 = 3x - 6

x=7

164
When three or more lines intersect
at one point, they are CONCURRENT
CONCURRENT.
Their point of intersection is called
the POINT OF CONCURRENCY.
CONCURRENCY

Lines l , m , and n are concurrent.


P is their point of concurrency.

CIRCUMCENTER
In a triangle, there are three
perpendicular bisectors that all meet
at one point, the CIRCUMCENTER
CIRCUMCENTER.

The circumcenter can be outside


or inside the triangle.

We can draw a circle through the


three vertices of any triangle. The
circumcenter of the triangle will
be the center of the circle.

165
CIRCUMCENTER THEOREM

The circumcenter of a triangle is


equidistant to the vertices.

If R is the circumcenter of
GHI, then HR = GR = RI.

EXAMPLE: In GHI, HR = 3x - 7, GR = x + 3.

Find the value of RI.

Since the circumcenter is equidistant


to the vertices, HR = GR = RI.

Step 1 : Find the value of x .

HR = GR
3x - 7 = x + 3
2x - 7 = 3
2 x = 10
x=5

166
Step 2: Calculate HR (or GR- they are the same length).

HR = 3x - 7 = 3(5) - 7 = 8

Since HR = RI,

RI = 8

INCENTER
In a triangle, the angle bisectors
of the three interior angles all meet
at one point. This point is at the
center of the triangle and is called
the INCENTER .

INCENTER THEOREM

The incenter is equidistant to the sides of the triangle.

If P is the incenter,
then PT = PU = PV.

167
EXAMPLE: If M is the incenter of JKL, MN = 3x + 16,
and MP = 7x + 12, find MO.

From the incenter theorem,


MN = MP = MO.

Step 1 : Find the value of x .


MN = MP
3x + 16 = 7x + 12
16 = 4x + 12
4 = 4x
x=1

Step 2: Find the value of MO.


Substituting the value of x into MN,
MN = 3x + 16 = 3(1) + 16 = 19
Since MN = MO,
MO = 19

MEDIAN AND CENTROID


A MEDIAN of a triangle is a line
from a vertex to the midpoint of
the opposite side.

168
Every triangle has three medians
which meet at a point called the
CENTROID .

CENTROID THEOREM

2
The centroid is of the distance
3
from each vertex to the midpoint
of the opposite side.

If G is the centroid of ABC, then

2 2 2
BG = BF, AG = AE, CG = CD
3 3 3

EXAMPLE: In ABC above, BG = 8.


Find the measures of GF and BF.

From the Centroid Theorem,

2
BG = BF
3
2
8= BF
3

169
2
8×3= BF × 3 Multiply both sides by 3.
3

24 = 2 × BF Divide both sides by 2.

BF = 12

We can now find GF using the SEGMENT ADDITION


POSTULATE:

BF = BG + GF

12 = 8 + GF

GF = 4

If you wanted to balance a triangle


plate on one finger, you would need
to place your finger on the centroid
to balance it. This point is called the
center of gravity-
gravity the point where
the weight is equally balanced.

170
ALTITUDE AND ORTHOCENTER
The ALTITUDE of a triangle is the line segment from a
vertex to the opposite side, and perpendicular to that side.
An altitude can be outside or inside the triangle.
perpendicular to
the side opposite
the vertex

Every triangle has three


altitudes.

The point where the altitudes of a triangle meet is the


ORTHOCENTER .

The orthocenter can be outside or inside the triangle.

171
Triangle bisectors and their points of concurrencies:

TERM POINT OF THEOREM


CONCURRENCY (P)

perpendicular circumcenter The circumcenter


bisector of a triangle is
equidistant to the
vertices.

angle bisector incenter The incenter is


equidistant to
the sides of the
triangle.

median centroid If P is the centroid


of ABC, then

172
TERM POINT OF THEOREM
CONCURRENCY (P)

altitude orthocenter No theorem for


this one.

A way to help remember the term that matches each


point of concurrency:

Median-Centroid , Altitude-Orthocenter ,
Perpendicular Bisector-Circumcenter , Angle Bisector-Incenter .

My cat ate old peanut butter cookies and became ill .

173

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