xercise 6.

1
1. What will be the unit digit of the square of the following
numbers?
i. 8181
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 11,its square will
end with the unit digit of the multiplication
(1×1=1)(1×1=1)
i.e., 1.

ii. 272272
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having unit place digit
as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’..
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 2, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication
(2×2=4)(2×2=4)
i.e., 4.

iii. 799799
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 9, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication
 (9×9=81)(9×9=81)
i.e., 1.

iv. 38533853
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 3, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication
(3×3=9)(3×3=9)
i.e., 9.

v. 12341234
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 44,its square will
end with the unit digit of the multiplication (4×4=16)(4×4=16) i.e.,
6.

vi. 2638726387
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 7, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication (7×7=49)(7×7=49) i.e., 9.

vii. 5269852698
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having a unit place
digit as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 8, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication (8×8=64)(8×8=64) i.e., 4.

viii. 9988099880
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having unit place digit
as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 00,its square will
have two zeroes at the end. Hence, the unit digit of the square of the
given number is 00.

ix. 1279612796
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having unit place digit
as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 6, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication (6×6=36)(6×6=36) i.e., 6.
x. 5555555555
Ans:
It is known to us that, the square of the number having unit place digit
as ‘a’, will end up with the unit digit of ‘a
××
a’.
Now, in the given number, the unit’s place digit is 5, its square will end
with the unit digit of the multiplication (5×5=25)(5×5=25) i.e., 5.

2. Give a reason why the following numbers are not perfect

squares.
i. 10571057
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99. Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 10571057has its unit place digit as 77.
Hence, 10571057cannot be a perfect square.

ii. 2345323453
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 2345323453 has its unit place digit as 33.
Hence, 2345323453 cannot be a perfect square.
iii. 79287928
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 79287928 has its unit place digit as 88.
Hence, 79287928 cannot be a perfect square.

iv. 222222222222
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 222222222222 has its unit place digit as 22.
Hence, 222222222222 cannot be a perfect square.

v. 6400064000
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99 Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 6400064000 has three zeroes at the end of it.
Since a perfect square cannot end with an odd number of zeroes,
therefore, 6400064000 is not a perfect square.

vi. 8972289722
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
 ,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 8972289722 has its unit place digit as 22.
Hence, 8972289722 cannot be a perfect square.

vii. 222000222000
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeroes at
the end of it.
We can see that 222000222000 has three zeroes at the end of it.
Since a perfect square cannot end with an odd number of zeroes,
therefore, 222000222000 is not a perfect square.

viii. 505050505050
Ans:
The square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00, 11
,4,4
, 55, 66, or 99Also, a perfect square has an even number of zeros at
the end of it.
We can see that 505050505050 has three zeroes at the end of it.
Since a perfect square cannot end with an odd number of zeroes,
therefore, 505050505050 is not a perfect square.

3. Find the smallest number by which each of the following

numbers must be multiplied to obtain a perfect cube.
i. 243243
Ans:
First, we’ll break the number into its factors.
243243 can be written as 243=3×3×3−−−−−−−
−×3×3243=3×3×3_×3×3
Here, two 33s are left which are not in a triplet. So, we need one more
33to make 243243 a cube.
If 243243 is multiplied by 33, then we get,
243×3=3×3×3−−−−−−−−×3×3×3−−−−−−−
−=729243×3=3×3×3_×3×3×3_=729 (which is a perfect cube).
Thus, 33 is the smallest number by which 243243 must be multiplied
to obtain a perfect cube.

ii. 256256
Ans:
First, we’ll break the number into its factors.
256256 can be written as 256=2×2×2−−−−−−−−×2×2×2−
−−−−−−−×2×2256=2×2×2_×2×2×2_×2×2
Here, two 22s are left which are not in a triplet. So, we need one more
22to make 256256 a cube.
If 256256 is multiplied by 22, then we get,
256×2=2×2×2−−−−−−−−×2×2×2−−−−−−−
−×2×2×2−−−−−−−
−=512256×2=2×2×2_×2×2×2_×2×2×2_=512 (which is a perfect
cube).
Thus, 22 is the smallest number by which 256256 must be multiplied
to obtain a perfect cube.

iii. 7272
Ans:
First, we’ll break the number into its factors.
7272 can be written as 72=2×2×2−−−−−−−
−×3×372=2×2×2_×3×3
Here, two 33s are left which are not in a triplet. So, we need one more
33to make 7272 a cube.
If 7272 is multiplied by 33, then we get,
72×3=2×2×2−−−−−−−−×3×3×3−−−−−−−
−=21672×3=2×2×2_×3×3×3_=216 (which is a perfect cube).
Thus, 33 is the smallest number by which 7272 must be multiplied to
obtain a perfect cube.

iv. 675675
Ans:
First, we’ll break the number into its factors.
675675 can be written as 675=3×3×3−−−−−−−
−×5×5675=3×3×3_×5×5
Here, two 55s are left which are not in a triplet. So, we need one more
55to make 675675 a cube.
If 675675 is multiplied by 55, then we get,
675×5=3×3×3−−−−−−−−×5×5×5−−−−−−−
−=3375675×5=3×3×3_×5×5×5_=3375 (which is a perfect cube).
Thus, 55 is the smallest number by which 675675 must be multiplied
to obtain a perfect cube.

v. 100100
Ans:
First, we’ll break the number into its factors.
100100 can be written as 100=2×2×5×5100=2×2×5×5
Here, two 22s and two 55s are left which are not in a triplet. So, we
need one more 22 and one more 55to make 100100 a cube.
If 100100 is multiplied by 22 and 55, then we get,
100×2×5=2×2×2−−−−−−−−×5×5×5−−−−−−−
−=1000100×2×5=2×2×2_×5×5×5_=1000 (which is a perfect
cube).
Thus, 2×52×5=10=10 is the smallest number by which 100100
must be multiplied to obtain a perfect cube.
4. Find the missing digits after observing the following
pattern.
112=121112=121
1012=102011012=10201
10012=100200110012=1002001
1000012=1...2...11000012=1...2...1
100000012=...100000012=...
Ans:
It can be observed from the given pattern that after doing the square
of the number, there are a same number of zeroes before the digit and
a same number of zeroes after the digit as there are in the original
number.

So, the square of the number 100001100001 will have four zeroes
before 22 and four zeroes after 22.
Similarly, the square of the number 1000000110000001 will have six
zeroes before 22 and six zeroes after 22.
Hence,

1000012=100002000011000012=10000200001
100000012=100000020000001100000012=100000020000001

5. Find the missing number after observing the following

pattern.
112=121112=121
1012=102011012=10201
101012=102030201101012=102030201
10101012=...10101012=...
...2=10203040504030201...2=10203040504030201
Ans:
It can be observed from the given pattern that:
 the square of the numbers has odd number of digits
 the first and the last digit of the square of the numbers is 11
 the square of the numbers is symmetric about the middle digit
Since there are four 11 in 10101011010101, so the square of this
number will have natural numbers up to 44 with 00 in between every
consecutive number and then making the number symmetric about 44
That is, 10101012=102030403020110101012=1020304030201
Now,
1020304050403020110203040504030201
has natural numbers up to
55
and the number is symmetric about.
So, the number whose square is
1020304050403020110203040504030201
, is
101010101101010101
That is,
1010101012=102030405040302011010101012=10203040504
030201
Hence,
10101012=102030403020110101012=1020304030201
1010101012=102030405040302011010101012=10203040504
030201

6. Find the missing numbers using the given pattern.

12+22+22=3212+22+22=32
22+32+62=7222+32+62=72
32+42+122=13232+42+122=132
42+52+...2=21242+52+...2=212
52+...2+302=31252+...2+302=312
62+72+...2=...262+72+...2=...2
Ans:
It can be observed from the given pattern that:
 The third number in the addition is the product of first two
numbers.
 The R.H.S can be obtained by adding to the third number.
That is, in the first three patterns, it can be observed that
12+22+(1×2)2=(2+1)212+22+(1×2)2=(2+1)2
22+32+(2×3)2=(6+1)222+32+(2×3)2=(6+1)2
32+42+(3×4)2=(12+1)232+42+(3×4)2=(12+1)2
Hence, according to the pattern, the missing numbers are as follows:
42+52+20−−2=21242+52+20_2=212
52+6–2+302=31252+6_2+302=312
62+72+42−−2=43−−262+72+42_2=43_2

7. Find the sum without adding.

i.
1+3+5+7+91+3+5+7+9
Ans:
Since, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n .2

So, the sum of the first five odd natural numbers is

(5)2=25(5)2=25
Thus,
1+3+5+7+9=(5)2=251+3+5+7+9=(5)2=25

ii.
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+191+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17
+19
Ans:
Since, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n .2

So, the sum of the first ten odd natural numbers is

(10)2=100(10)2=100
Thus,
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19=(10)2=1001+3+5+7+9+1
1+13+15+17+19=(10)2=100
iii.
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19+21+231+3+5+7+9+11+1
3+15+17+19+21+23
Ans:
Since, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n .
2

So, the sum of the first twelve odd natural numbers is

(12)2=144(12)2=144
Thus,
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19+21+23=(12)2=1441+3+
5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19+21+23=(12)2=144

8.
i. Express
4949
as the sum of
77
odd numbers.
Ans:
Since, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n .
2

We know that
49=(7)249=(7)2
49=49=
Sum of
77
odd natural numbers
Hence,
49=1+3+5+7+9+11+1349=1+3+5+7+9+11+13

ii. Express
121121
as the sum of
1111
odd numbers.
Ans:
Since, the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n .
2

We know that
121=(11)2121=(11)2
121=121=
Sum of
1111
odd natural numbers
Hence,
121=1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19+21121=1+3+5+7+9
+11+13+15+17+19+21

9.
How many numbers lie between squares of the following
numbers?
i.
1212
and
1313
Ans:
Between the squares of the numbers n and (n+1), there will be 2n
numbers.
So, there will be
2×12=242×12=24
numbers between
(12)2(12)2
and
(13)2(13)2
.
ii.
2525
and
2626
Ans:
Between the squares of the numbers n and (n+1), there will be 2n
numbers.
So, there will be
2×25=502×25=50
numbers between
(25)2(25)2
and
(26)2(26)2
.

iii.
9999
and
100100
Ans:
Between the squares of the numbers n and (n+1), there will be 2n
numbers.
So, there will be
2×99=1982×99=198
numbers between
(99)2(99)2
and
(100)2(100)2
.
Exercise 6.2
1. Find the square of the following numbers.
i.
3232
Ans:
32=30+232=30+2
(32)2=(30+2)2(32)2=(30+2)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
(30+2)2=302+2×30×2+22(30+2)2=302+2×30×2+22
=900+120+4=900+120+4
=1024=1024

ii.
3535
Ans:
35=30+535=30+5
(35)2=(30+5)2(35)2=(30+5)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
(30+5)2=302+2×30×5+52(30+5)2=302+2×30×5+52
=900+300+25=900+300+25
=1225=1225

iii.
8686
Ans:
86=80+686=80+6
(86)2=(80+6)2(86)2=(80+6)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
(80+6)2=802+2×80×6+62(80+6)2=802+2×80×6+62
=6400+960+36=6400+960+36
=7396=7396

iv.
9393
Ans:
93=90+393=90+3
(93)2=(90+3)2(93)2=(90+3)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
(90+3)2=902+2×90×3+32(90+3)2=902+2×90×3+32
=8100+540+9=8100+540+9
=8649=8649

v.
7171
Ans:
71=70+171=70+1
(71)2=(70+1)2(71)2=(70+1)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
 (70+1)2=702+2×70×1+12(70+1)2=702+2×70×1+12
=4900+140+1=4900+140+1
=5041=5041

vi.
4646
Ans:
46=40+646=40+6
(46)2=(40+6)2(46)2=(40+6)2
Since, (a+b) =a +2ab+b
2 2 2

So,
(40+6)2=402+2×40×6+62(40+6)2=402+2×40×6+62
=1600+480+36=1600+480+36
=2116=2116

2. Write a Pythagoras triplet whose one number is

i.
66
Ans:
We know that 2m, m -1, m +1 is the Pythagoras triplet for any natural
2 2

number m >1
It is given that one number in the triplet is
66
.
If we take m -1=6, then we get m
2 2

=7=7
And m
=7–√=7
which is not an integer.
Similarly, if we take m +1=6, then we get m
2 2

=5=5
And m
=5–√=5
which is not an integer.
So let 2m
=6=6
Then we get, m
=3=3
Now, m 2

−1=32−1−1=32−1

=9−1=9−1
=8=8
Similarly, m 2

+1=32+1+1=32+1

=9+1=9+1
=10=10
Therefore
(6,8,10)(6,8,10)
is the Pythagoras triplet.

ii.
1414
Ans:
We know that 2m, m -1, m +1 is the Pythagoras triplet for any natural
2 2

number m >1
It is given that one number in the triplet is
 1414
.
If we take m -1=14, then we get m -1=6
2 2

And m
=15−−√=15
which is not an integer.
Similarly, if we take m +1=14, then we get m +1=14
2 2

And m
=13−−√=13
which is not an integer.
So let 2m=14
Then we get, m=7
Now, m -1=7 -1
2 2

=49−1=49−1
=48=48
Similarly, m +1=7 +1
2 2

=49+1=49+1
=50=50
Therefore
(14,48,50)(14,48,50)
is the Pythagoras triplet.

iii.
1616
Ans:
We know that 2m, m -1, m +1 is the Pythagoras triplet for any natural
2 2

number m >1
It is given that one number in the triplet is
 1616
.
If we take m -1=16, then we get m =17
2 2

And m
=17−−√=17
which is not an integer.
Similarly, if we take m +1=16, then we get m =15
2 2

And m
=15−−√=15
which is not an integer.
So let 2m=16
Then we get, m=8
Now, m -1=8 -1
2 2

=64−1=64−1
=63=63
Similarly, m +1=8 +1
2 2

=64+1=64+1
=65=65
Therefore
(16,63,65)(16,63,65)
is the Pythagoras triplet.

iv.
1818
Ans:
We know that 2m, m -1, m +1 is the Pythagoras triplet for any natural
2 2

number m >1
It is given that one number in the triplet is
 1818
.
If we take m -1=18, then we get m =19
2 2

And m
=19−−√=19
which is not an integer.
Similarly, if we take m +1=18, then we get m =17
2 2

And m
=17−−√=17
which is not an integer.
So let 2m=18
Then we get, m=9
Now, m -1=9 -1
2 2

=81−1=81−1
=80=80
Similarly, m +1=9 -1
2 2

=81+1=81+1
=82=82
Therefore
(18,80,82)(18,80,82)
is the Pythagoras triplet.

Exercise 6.3
1. What could be the possible ‘one’s’ digits of the square root
of each of the following numbers?
i.
98019801
Ans: We know that the one’s digit of the square root of the number
ending with
 11
can be
11
or
99
.
Thus, the possible one’s digit of the square root of
98019801
is either
11
or
99
.

ii.
9985699856
Ans: We know that the one’s digit of the square root of the number
ending with
66
can be
66
or
44
.
Thus, the possible one’s digit of the square root of
9985699856
is either
66
or
44
.
iii.
998001998001
Ans: We know that the one’s digit of the square root of the number
ending with
11
can be
11
or
99
.
Thus, the possible one’s digit of the square root of
998001998001
is either
11
or
99
.

iv.
657666025657666025
Ans: We know that the one’s digit of the square root of the number
ending with
55
will be
55
.
Thus, the only possible one’s digit of the square root of
657666025657666025
is
 55
.

2. Find the numbers which are surely not perfect squares

without doing any calculations.
i.
153153
Ans:
The perfect square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00,
11 ,
44
, 55, 66, or 99. Also, a perfect square has even number of zeroes at
the end of it, if any.
We can see that
153153
has its unit place digit as
33
.
Hence,
153153
cannot be a perfect square.

ii.
257257
Ans:
The perfect square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00,
11 ,
44
, 55, 66, or 99. Also, a perfect square has even number of zeroes at
the end of it, if any.
We can see that
 257257
has its unit place digit as
77
.
Hence,
257257
cannot be a perfect square.

iii.
408408
Ans:
The perfect square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00,
11 ,
44
, 55, 66, or 99. Also, a perfect square has even number of zeroes at
the end of it, if any.
We can see that
408408
has its unit place digit as
88
.
Hence,
408408
cannot be a perfect square.

iv.
441441
Ans:
The perfect square of numbers may end with any one of the digits 00,
11 ,
 44
, 55, 66, or 99. Also, a perfect square has even number of zeroes at
the end of it, if any.
We can see that
441441
has its unit place digit as
11
.
Hence,
441441
is a perfect square.

3. Find the square roots of

100100
and
169169
by the method of repeated subtraction.
Ans:
It is already known to us that the sum of the first n odd natural
numbers is n .2

For
100−−−√100

1. 100−1=99100−1=99
2. 99−3=9699−3=96
3. 96−5=9196−5=91
4. 91−7=8491−7=84
5. 84−9=7584−9=75
6. 75−11=6475−11=64
7. 64−13=5164−13=51
8. 51−15=3651−15=36
9. 36−17=1936−17=19
 10. 19−19=019−19=0

After subtracting successive odd numbers from

11
to
100100
, we are getting a
00
at the 10 step.
th

Hence,
100−−−√=10100=10
For
169−−−√169

1. 169−1=168169−1=168
2. 168−3=165168−3=165
3. 165−5=160165−5=160
4. 160−7=153160−7=153
5. 153−9=144153−9=144
6. 144−11=133144−11=133
7. 133−13=120133−13=120
8. 120−15=105120−15=105
9. 105−17=88105−17=88
10. 88−19=6988−19=69
11.

69−21=4869−21=48
12.

48−23=2548−23=25
13.

25−25=025−25=0
After subtracting successive odd numbers from
11
to
169169
, we are getting a
00
at the 13 step.
th

Hence,
169−−−√=13169=13

4. Find the square roots of the following numbers by Prime

Factorisation Method.
i.
729729
Ans:
The factorization of

729729
is as follows:

3 7297
3 29

3 2432
3 43

3 8181
3

3 2727
3

3 99
3
 3 33
3

11

729=3×3−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−
−729=3×3_×3×3_×3×3_
729−−−√=3×3×3729=3×3×3
So,
729−−−√=27729=27

ii.
400400
Ans:
The factorization of

400400
is as follows:

2 4004
2 00

2 2002
2 00

2 1001
2 00

2 5050
2
 5 2525
5

5 55
5

11

400=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×5×5−−−
−400=2×2_×2×2_×5×5_
400−−−√=2×2×5400=2×2×5
So,
400−−−√=20400=20

iii.
17641764
Ans:
The factorization of
17641764
is as follows:

2 176417
2 64

2 882882
2

3 441441
3

3 147147
 3

7 4949
7

7 77
7

11

1764=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×7×7−−−
−1764=2×2_×3×3_×7×7_
1764−−−−√=2×3×71764=2×3×7
So,
1764−−−−√=421764=42

iv.
40964096
Ans:
The factorization of
40964096
is as follows:

2 409640
2 96

2 204820
2 48

2 102410
2 24

2 512512
2

2 256256
2

2 128128
2

2 6464
2

2 3232
2

2 1616
2

2 88
2

2 44
2

2 22
2

11

4096=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−
−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−
−4096=2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_
 4096−−−−√=2×2×2×2×2×24096=2×2×2×2×2×2
So,
4096−−−−√=644096=64

v.
77447744
Ans:
The factorization of
77447744
is as follows:

22 774477
44

22 387238
72

22 193619
36

22 968968

22 484484

22 242242

111 121121
1

111 1111
1

11
7744=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×11×11−−−−−
−7744=2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×11×11_
7744−−−−√=2×2×2×117744=2×2×2×11
So,
7744−−−−√=887744=88

vi.
96049604
Ans:
The factorization of
96049604
is as follows:

2 960496
2 04

2 480248
2 02

7 240124
7 01

7 343343
7

7 4949
7

7 77
7

11
 9604=2×2−−−−×7×7−−−−×7×7−−−
−9604=2×2_×7×7_×7×7_
9604−−−−√=2×7×79604=2×7×7
So,
9604−−−−√=989604=98

vii.
59295929
Ans:
The factorization of
59295929
is as follows:

77 592959
29

77 847847

111 121121
1

111 1111
1

11

5929=7×7−−−−×11×11−−−−−−5929=7×7_×11×11_
 5929−−−−√=7×115929=7×11
So,
5929−−−−√=775929=77

viii.
92169216
The factorization of
92169216
is as follows:

2 921692
2 16

2 460846
2 08

2 230423
2 04

2 115211
2 52

2 576576
2

2 288288
2

2 144144
2

2 7272
2
 2 3636
2

2 1818
2

3 99
3

3 33
3

11

9216=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−
−×2×2−−−−×3×3−−−
−9216=2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×3×3_
9216−−−−√=2×2×2×2×2×39216=2×2×2×2×2×3
So,
9216−−−−√=969216=96

ix.
529529
The factorization of
529529
is as follows:

232 5295
3 29
232 2323
3

11

529=23×23−−−−−−529=23×23_
So,
529−−−√=23529=23

x.
81008100
The factorization of
81008100
is as follows:

2 810081
2 00

2 405040
2 50

3 202520
3 25

3 675675
3

3 225225
3

3 7575
 3

5 2525
5

5 55
5

11

8100=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−−×5×5−−−
−8100=2×2_×3×3_×3×3_×5×5_
8100−−−−√=2×3×3×58100=2×3×3×5
So,
8100−−−−√=908100=90

5. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole

number by which it should be multiplied so as to get a perfect
square number. Also, find the square root of the square
number so obtained.
i.
252252
Ans:
The factorization of
252252
is as follows:

2 2522
2 52

2 1261
 2 26

3 6363
3

3 2121
3

7 77
7

11

Here,
252=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×7252=2×2_×3×3_×7
We can see that
77
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
252252
by
77
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
252×7=1764252×7=1764
1764=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×7×7−−−
−1764=2×2_×3×3_×7×7_
which is a perfect square
1764−−−−√=2×3×71764=2×3×7
So,
 1764−−−−√=421764=42

ii.
180180
Ans:
The factorization of
180180
is as follows:

2 1801
2 80

2 9090
2

3 4545
3

3 1515
3

5 55
5

11

Here,
180=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×5180=2×2_×3×3_×5
We can see that
55
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
180180
by
55
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
180×5=900180×5=900
900=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×5×5−−−
−900=2×2_×3×3_×5×5_
which is a perfect square
900−−−√=2×3×5900=2×3×5
So,
900−−−√=30900=30

iii.
10081008
Ans:
The factorization of
10081008
is as follows:

2 100810
2 08

2 504504
2

2 252252
2

2 126126
 2

3 6363
3

3 2121
3

7 77
7

11

Here,
1008=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×3×3−−−
−×71008=2×2_×2×2_×3×3_×7
We can see that
77
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
10081008
by
77
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
1008×7=70561008×7=7056
7056=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×7×7−−−
−7056=2×2_×2×2_×3×3_×7×7_
which is a perfect square
7056−−−−√=2×2×3×77056=2×2×3×7
So,
7056−−−−√=847056=84

iv.
20282028
Ans:
The factorization of
20282028
is as follows:

22 202820
28

22 101410
14

33 507507

131 169169
3

131 1313
3

11

Here,
2028=2×2−−−−×3×13×13−−−−−−2028=2×2_×3×13×13_
We can see that
33
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
20282028
by
33
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
2028×3=60842028×3=6084
6084=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×13×13−−−−−
−6084=2×2_×3×3_×13×13_
which is a perfect square
6084−−−−√=2×3×136084=2×3×13
So,
6084−−−−√=786084=78

v.
14581458
Ans:
The factorization of
14581458
is as follows:

2 145814
2 58

3 729729
3

3 243243
3

3 8181
 3

3 2727
3

3 99
3

3 33
3

11

Here,
1458=2×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−
−1458=2×3×3_×3×3_×3×3_
We can see that
22
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
14581458
by
22
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
1458×2=29161458×2=2916
2916=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−
−2916=2×2_×3×3_×3×3_×3×3_
which is a perfect square
2916−−−−√=2×3×3×32916=2×3×3×3
So,
2916−−−−√=542916=54

vi.
768768
Ans:
The factorization of
768768
is as follows:

2 7687
2 68

2 3843
2 84

2 1921
2 92

2 9696
2

2 4848
2

2 2424
2

2 1212
2

2 66
2
 3 33
3

11

Here,
768=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−
−×3768=2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×3
We can see that
33
is not paired
So, we have to multiply
768768
by
33
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
768×3=2304768×3=2304
2304=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×2×2−−−
−×3×3−−−−2304=2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×2×2_×3×3_
which is a perfect square
2304−−−−√=2×2×2×2×32304=2×2×2×2×3
So,
2304−−−−√=482304=48

6. For each of the following numbers, find the smallest whole

number by which it should be divided so as to get a perfect
square. Also find the square root of the square number so
obtained.
i.
252252
Ans:
The factorization of
252252
is as follows:

2 2522
2 52

2 1261
2 26

3 6363
3

3 2121
3

7 77
7

11

Here,
252=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×7252=2×2_×3×3_×7
We can see that
77
is not paired
So, we have to divide
252252
by
 77
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
252÷7=36252÷7=36
36=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−36=2×2_×3×3_
which is a perfect square
36−−√=2×336=2×3
So,
36−−√=636=6

ii.
29252925
Ans:
The factorization of
29252925
is as follows:

33 292529
25

33 975975

55 325325

55 6565

131 1313
3

11
Here,
2925=3×3−−−−×5×5−−−−×132925=3×3_×5×5_×13
We can see that
1313
is not paired
So, we have to divide
29252925
by
1313
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
2925÷13=2252925÷13=225
225=3×3−−−−×5×5−−−−225=3×3_×5×5_
which is a perfect square
225−−−√=3×5225=3×5
So,
225−−−√=15225=15

iii.
396396
Ans:
The factorization of
396396
is as follows:

22 3963
96

22 1981
98
 33 9999

33 3333

111 1111
1

11

Here,
396=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×11396=2×2_×3×3_×11
We can see that
1111
is not paired
So, we have to divide
396396
by
1111
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
396÷11=36396÷11=36
36=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−36=2×2_×3×3_
which is a perfect square
36−−√=2×336=2×3
So,
36−−√=636=6

iv.
 26452645
Ans:
The factorization of
26452645
is as follows:

55 264526
45

232 529529
3

232 2323
3

11

Here,
2645=5×23×23−−−−−−2645=5×23×23_
We can see that
55
is not paired
So, we have to divide
26452645
by
55
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
2645÷5=5292645÷5=529
529=23×23−−−−−−529=23×23_
which is a perfect square
So,
529−−−√=23529=23

v.
28002800
Ans:
The factorization of
28002800
is as follows:

2 280028
2 00

2 140014
2 00

2 700700
2

2 350350
2

5 175175
5

5 3535
5

7 77
7

11
Here,
2800=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×5×5−−−
−×72800=2×2_×2×2_×5×5_×7
We can see that
77
is not paired
So, we have to divide
28002800
by
77
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
2800÷7=4002800÷7=400
400=2×2−−−−×2×2−−−−×5×5−−−
−400=2×2_×2×2_×5×5_
which is a perfect square
400−−−√=2×2×5400=2×2×5
So,
400−−−√=20400=20

vi.
16201620
Ans:
The factorization of
16201620
is as follows:

2 162016
 2 20

2 810810
2

3 405405
3

3 135135
3

3 4545
3

3 1515
3

5 55
5

11

Here,
1620=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−
−×51620=2×2_×3×3_×3×3_×5
We can see that
55
is not paired
So, we have to divide
16201620
by
55
to get a perfect square.
The new number will be
1620÷5=3241620÷5=324
324=2×2−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−
−324=2×2_×3×3_×3×3_
which is a perfect square
324−−−√=2×3×3324=2×3×3
So,
324−−−√=18324=18

7. The students of Class VIII of a school donated Rs 2401 in all,

for Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund. Each student
donated as many rupees as the number of students in the
class. Find the number of students in the class.
Ans:
According to the , each student donated as many rupees as the
number of students in the class.
We can find the number of students in the class by doing the square
root of the total amount donated by the students of Class VIII.
Total amount donated by students is Rs. 24012401
Then, the number of students in the class will be
2401−−−−√2401
2401−−−−√=7×7−−−−×7×7−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−√2401=7×7_×7×7_
=7×7=7×7
=49=49
Thus, there are total
4949
students in the class.
8. 2025 plants are to be planted in a garden in such a way that
each row contains as many plants as the number of rows. Find
the number of rows and the number of plants in each row.
Ans:
According to the plants are being planted in a garden in such a way
that each row contains as many plants as the number of rows.
So, the number of rows will be equal to the number of plants in each
row.
Hence,
The number of rows
××
Number of plants in each row
==
Total number of plants
The number of rows
××
Number of plants in each row
==
20252025
The number of rows
××
The number of rows
==
20252025
The number of rows
==
2025−−−−√2025
2025−−−−√=5×5−−−−×3×3−−−−×3×3−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−−−−√2025=5×5_×3×3_×3×3_
=5×3×3=5×3×3
 =45=45
Thus, the number of rows
=45=45
and the number of plants in each row
=45=45
.

9. Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each of

the numbers
4,94,9
and
1010
.
Ans:
We know that the number that is perfectly divisible by each one of
4,94,9
and
1010
is their L.C.M
So, taking the L.C.M of these numbers

2 4,9,104,9
2 ,10

2 2,9,52,9,
2 5

3 1,9,51,9,
3 5

3 1,3,51,3,
3 5
 5 1,1,51,1,
5 5

1,1,11,1,
1

L.C.M
=2×2×3×3×5=2×2×3×3×5
=180=180
It can be clearly seen that
55
cannot be paired.
Therefore, we have to multiply
180180
by
55
in order to get a perfect square.
Thus, the smallest square number divisible by
4,94,9
and
1010
=180×5=900=180×5=900

10. Find the smallest square number that is divisible by each

of the numbers
8,158,15
and
2020
.
Ans:
We know that the number that is perfectly divisible by each one of
8,158,15
and
2020
is their L.C.M
So, taking the L.C.M of these numbers

2 8,15,208,1
2 5,20

2 4,15,104,1
2 5,10

2 2,15,52,15,
2 5

3 1,15,51,15,
3 5

5 1,5,51,5,5
5

1,1,11,1,1

L.C.M
=2×2×2×3×5=2×2×2×3×5
=120=120
It can be clearly seen that the prime factors
22
,
 33
and
55
cannot be paired.
Therefore, we have to multiply
120120
by
22
,
33
and
55
in order to get a perfect square.
Thus, the smallest square number divisible by
8,158,15
and
2020
is
120×2×3×5120×2×3×5
=3600=3600

Exercise 6.4
1. Find the square root of each of the following numbers by the
division method.
i.
23042304
Ans:
The square root of
23042304
by division method is calculated as follows:
 4848

23¯¯¯¯¯04¯¯¯¯¯23¯0
44 4¯
−16−16
888 704
8 704

00
Hence,
2304−−−−√=482304=48

ii.
44894489
Ans:
The square root of
44894489
by division method is calculated as follows:

6767

44¯¯¯¯¯89¯¯¯¯¯44¯
66 89¯
−36−36
1271 889
27 889

00
Hence,
4489−−−−√=674489=67
iii.
34813481
Ans:
The square root of
34813481
by division method is calculated as follows:

5959

34¯¯¯¯¯81¯¯¯¯¯34¯8
55 1¯
−25−25
1091 981
09 981

00
Hence,
3481−−−−√=593481=59

iv.
529529
Ans:
The square root of
529529
by division method is calculated as follows:

2323

22 5¯¯¯29¯¯¯¯¯5¯2
9¯
 −4−4
434 129
3 129

00
Hence,
529−−−√=23529=23

v.
32493249
Ans:
The square root of
32493249
by division method is calculated as follows:

5757

32¯¯¯¯¯49¯¯¯¯¯32¯4
55 9¯
−25−25
1071 749
07 749

00
Hence,
3249−−−−√=573249=57

vi.
13691369
Ans:
The square root of
13691369
by division method is calculated as follows:

3737

13¯¯¯¯¯69¯¯¯¯¯13¯6
33 9¯
−9−9
676 469
7 469

00
Hence,
1369−−−−√=371369=37

vii.
57765776
The square root of
57765776
by division method is calculated as follows:

7676

77 57¯¯¯¯¯76¯¯¯¯¯57¯76¯
-49

1461 overline5776¯¯¯¯¯overline
46 5776¯
-49

00
Hence,
 5776−−−−√=765776=76

viii.
79217921
The square root of
79217921
by division method is calculated as follows:

8989

79¯¯¯¯¯21¯¯¯¯¯79¯2
88 1¯
-64

1691 1521
69 1521

00
Hence,
7921−−−−√=897921=89

ix.
576576
The square root of
576576
by division method is calculated as follows:

2424

22 5¯¯¯76¯¯¯¯¯5¯7
6¯
 -4

444 176
4 176

00
Hence,
576−−−√=24576=24

x.
10241024
The square root of
10241024
by division method is calculated as follows:

3232

10¯¯¯¯¯24¯¯¯¯¯10¯2
33 4¯
-9

626 124
2 124

00
Hence,
1024−−−−√=321024=32

xi.
31363136
The square root of
 31363136
by division method is calculated as follows:

5656

31¯¯¯¯¯36¯¯¯¯¯31¯3
55 6¯
-25

1061 636
06 636

00
Hence,
3136−−−−√=563136=56

xii.
900900
The square root of
900900
by division method is calculated as follows:

3030

9¯¯¯00¯¯¯¯¯9¯0
33 0¯
-9

606 00
0 00

00
Hence,
900−−−√=30900=30
2. Find the number of digits in the square root of each of the
following numbers (without any calculation).
i.
6464
Ans:
In order to find the number of digits in the square root, without any
calculation, we have to place the bars on the given number
After placing bars, we get
64=64¯¯¯¯¯64=64¯

We can see that there is only one bar. So, the square root of
6464
will have only one digit.

ii.
144144
Ans:
In order to find the number of digits in the square root, without any
calculation, we have to place the bars on the given number
After placing bars, we get
144=1¯¯¯44¯¯¯¯¯144=1¯44¯

We can see that there are two bars. So, the square root of
144144
will have two digits.

iii.
44894489
Ans:
In order to find the number of digits in the square root, without any
calculation, we have to place the bars on the given number
After placing bars, we get
4489=44¯¯¯¯¯89¯¯¯¯¯4489=44¯89¯

We can see that there are two bars. So, the square root of
44894489
will have two digits.

iv.
2722527225
Ans:
In order to find the number of digits in the square root, without any
calculation, we have to place the bars on the given number
After placing bars, we get
27225=2¯¯¯72¯¯¯¯¯25¯¯¯¯¯27225=2¯72¯25¯

We can see that there are three bars. So, the square root of
2722527225
will have three digits.

v.
390625390625
Ans:
In order to find the number of digits in the square root, without any
calculation, we have to place the bars on the given number
After placing bars, we get
390625=39¯¯¯¯¯06¯¯¯¯¯25¯¯¯¯¯390625=39¯06¯25¯

We can see that there are three bars. So, the square root of
 390625390625
will have three digits.

3. Find the square root of the following decimal numbers.

i.
2.562.56
Ans:
The square root of
2.562.56
by division method is calculated as follows:

1.61.6

2¯¯¯.56¯¯¯¯¯2¯.5
11 6¯
-1

262 156
6 156

00
Hence,
2.56−−−−√=1.62.56=1.6

ii.
7.297.29
Ans:
The square root of
7.297.29
by division method is calculated as follows:
 2.72.7

7¯¯¯.29¯¯¯¯¯7¯.2
22 9¯
-4

474 329
7 329

00
Hence,
7.29−−−−√=2.77.29=2.7

iii.
51.8451.84
Ans:
The square root of
51.8451.84
by division method is calculated as follows:

7.27.2

51¯¯¯¯¯.84¯¯¯¯¯51¯.8
77 4¯
-49

1421 284
42 284

00
Hence,
51.84−−−−√=7.251.84=7.2
iv.
42.2542.25
Ans:
The square root of
42.2542.25
by division method is calculated as follows:

6.56.5

42¯¯¯¯¯.25¯¯¯¯¯42¯.2
66 5¯
-36

1251 625
25 625

00
Hence,
42.25−−−−√=6.542.25=6.5

v.
31.3631.36
Ans:
The square root of
31.3631.36
by division method is calculated as follows:

5.65.6

31¯¯¯¯¯.36¯¯¯¯¯31¯.3
55 6¯
-25

1061 636
 06 636

00
Hence,
31.36−−−−√=5.631.36=5.6

4. Find the least number which must be subtracted from each

of the following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also,
find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.
i.
402402
Ans:
The square root of

402402
by division method is calculated as follows:

2020

4¯¯¯02¯¯¯¯¯4¯0
22 2¯
-4

404 02
0 00

22

We are getting a remainder

22
.
This means that the square of 20 is less than 402 by 2.
So, we must subtract
22
from 402 in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
402−2=400402−2=400
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
400−−−√=20400=20

ii.
19891989
Ans:
The square root of
19891989
by division method is calculated as follows:

4444

19¯¯¯¯¯89¯¯¯¯¯19¯
44 89¯
-16

848 389
4 336

5353

We are getting a remainder

5353
.
This means that the square of 44 is less than 1989 by 53.
So, we must subtract
5353
from 1989 in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
1989−53=19361989−53=1936
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
1936−−−−√=441936=44

iii.
32503250
Ans:
The square root of
32503250
by division method is calculated as follows:

5757

32¯¯¯¯¯50¯¯¯¯¯32¯5
55 0¯
-25

1071 750
07 749

11

We are getting a remainder

11
.
This means that the square of 57 is less than 3250 by
11
.
So, we must subtract
11
from 3250 in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
3250−1=32493250−1=3249
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
3249−−−−√=573249=57

iv.
825825
Ans:
The square root of
825825
by division method is calculated as follows:

2828

8¯¯¯25¯¯¯¯¯8¯2
22 5¯
-4

484 425
8 384

4141

We are getting a remainder

 4141
.
This means that the square of 28 is less than 825 by
4141
.
So, we must subtract
4141
from 825 in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
825−41=784825−41=784
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
784−−−√=28784=28

v.
40004000
Ans:
The square root of
40004000
by division method is calculated as follows:

6363

40¯¯¯¯¯00¯¯¯¯¯40¯
66 00¯
-36

1231 400
23 369

3131
We are getting a remainder
3131
.
This means that the square of 63 is less than 4000 by
3131
.
So, we must subtract
3131
from 4000 in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
4000−31=39694000−31=3969
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
3969−−−−√=633969=63

5. Find the least number which must be added to each of the

following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also, find the
square root of the perfect square so obtained.
i.
525525
Ans:
The square root of
40004000
by division method is calculated as follows:

2222

5¯¯¯25¯¯¯¯¯5¯2
22 5¯
-4

424 125
2 84
 4141

Since after finding the square root of 525, we will have 41 as the
remainder.
Also, it can be observed that (22)2<525<(23)2(22)2<525<(23)2
i.e.,
525 is greater than (22)2(22)2 but less than (23)2(23)2
Since (23)2(23)2 = 529529.
Therefore, to have a perfect square, we need to add 4 to 525.
So, 525+4=529525+4=529
And the square root of 529529 = 2323

ii.
17501750
Ans:
The square root of
17501750
by division method is calculated as follows:

4141

17¯¯¯¯¯50¯¯¯¯¯17¯5
44 0¯
-16

818 150
1 81

6969
We are getting a remainder
6969
.
This means that the square of 41 is less than 1750.
The next number is 42 and its square is
422=1764422=1764
So, the number that should be added to 1750 is
422−1750=1764−1750=14422−1750=1764−1750=14

Hence, the required perfect square is

1750+14=17641750+14=1764
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
1764−−−−√=421764=42

iii.
252252
Ans:
The square root of
252252
by division method is calculated as follows:

1515

2¯¯¯52¯¯¯¯¯2¯5
11 2¯
-1

252 152
5 125

2727
We are getting a remainder
2727
.
This means that the square of 15 is less than
252252
.
The next number is 16 and its square is
162=256162=256
So, the number that should be added to 252 is
162−252=256−252=4162−252=256−252=4

Hence, the required perfect square is

252+4=256252+4=256
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
256−−−√=16256=16

iv.
18251825
Ans:
The square root of
18251825
by division method is calculated as follows:

4242

18¯¯¯¯¯25¯¯¯¯¯18¯
44 25¯
-16
 828 225
2 164

6161

We are getting a remainder

6161
.
This means that, the square of 42 is less than
18251825
The next number is 43 and its square is
432=1849432=1849
So, the number that should be added to
18251825
is
432−1825=1849−1825=24432−1825=1849−1825=24

Hence, the required perfect square is

1825+24=18491825+24=1849
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
1849−−−−√=431849=43

v.
64126412
Ans:
The square root of
64126412
by division method is calculated as follows:

8080

64¯¯¯¯¯12¯¯¯¯¯64¯
88 12¯
-64

1601 012
60 0

1212
We are getting a remainder
1212
.
This means that the square of 80 is less than
64126412
The next number is 81 and its square is
812=6561812=6561
So, the number that should be added to
64126412
is
812−6412=6561−6412=149812−6412=6561−6412=149

Hence, the required perfect square is

6412+149=65616412+149=6561
The square root of the perfect square obtained is
6561−−−−√=816561=81

6.Find the length of the side of a square whose area is

441m2441m2
.
Ans:
Let us consider that the side of the square be x m in length
Then the area of the square is (x) =441 m
2 2

We get x
××
Calculating the square root of 441 using long division method as
follows:

2121

4¯¯¯41¯¯¯¯¯4¯4
22 1¯
-4

414 041
1 41

00

We get x=21 m
Therefore, the length of the side of the square is 21 m.

∠B=90O∠B=90O
7. In a right triangle ABC,

a) Find AC if AB=6 cm, BC=8 cm

Ans:
It is given that triangle ABC is right angled at B
So, on applying Pythagoras Theorem, we get
AC =AB +BC
2 2 2

AC2
 =62+82=62+82

=36+64=36+64
=100=100
AC
=10×10−−−−−−√=10×10
Thus, AC=10 cm.

b) Find AB if AC=13 cm, BC=5 cm

Ans:
It is given that triangle ABC is right angled at B
So, on applying Pythagoras Theorem, we get
AC =AB +BC
2 2 2

AB =AC -BC
2 2 2

AB2

=132−52=132−52

=169−25=169−25
=144=144
AB
=12×12−−−−−−√=12×12
Thus, AB=12 cm.

8. A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant these in such

a way that the number of rows and the number of columns
remain the same. Find the minimum number of plants he needs
more for this.
Ans:
According to the gardener has 1000 plants and the number of rows
and columns are the same.
Our aim is to find the minimum number of plants that he needs so that
after planting them, the number of rows and columns are the same.
This means that we have to find the number that should be added to
1000 to make it a perfect square.
The square root of
10001000
by long division method is calculated as follows:

3131

10¯¯¯¯¯00¯¯¯¯¯10¯
33 00¯
-9

616 100
1 61

3939

We are getting a remainder

3939
.
This means that the square of 31 is less than
10001000
The next number is 32 and its square is
322=1024322=1024
So, the number that should be added to
10001000
is
322−1000=1024−1000=24322−1000=1024−1000=24
Hence, the required number of plants is 24.

9. There are 500 children in a school. For a P.T. drill, they have
to stand in such a manner that the number of rows is equal to
a number of columns. How many children would be left out in
this arrangement?
Ans:
According to the given question, there are 500 children in the school
and they have to stand for a PT drill in such a way that the number of
rows and columns are equal.
We have to calculate the number of children that are left out in this
arrangement.
This means that we have to find the number that should be subtracted
from 500 in order to make it a perfect square.
The square root of
10001000
by long division method is calculated as follows:

2222

5¯¯¯00¯¯¯¯¯5¯0
22 0¯
-4

424 100
2 84

1616

We are getting a remainder

1616
.
This means that the square of 22 is less than
 500500
by
1616
So, we must subtract
1616
from
500500
in order to get a perfect square.
Hence, the required perfect square is
500−16=484500−16=484
Thus, 16 children will be left out of this arrangement.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 6 Squares

and Square Roots - PDF Download
Important Concepts Covered Under NCERT Class 8 Maths
Chapter 6 Squares and Square Roots
Squares and Square Roots is the sixth chapter of Class 8 Maths NCERT.
It is an important chapter of NCERT Class 8 Maths and is also the
foundation chapter for Maths in higher classes. Therefore, students
must understand the concepts of Squares and Square Roots thoroughly
before they jump to solving questions.

This is why we have provided an insight into the topics of Class 8

Maths Chapter 6 to help students know what they can expect from the
chapter. Check them out here.

Sl.
Important Topics
No.

1. Properties of Square Numbers

 Some Interesting Patterns
 Adding triangular numbers
 Numbers between square numbers
 Adding odd numbers
2.
 A sum of consecutive natural numbers
 Product of two consecutive even or odd
natural numbers
 Some more patterns in square numbers

Finding the Square of a Number

3.  Other patterns in squares
 Pythagorean triplets

Square Roots
 Finding square roots
 Finding square root through repeated
4. subtraction
 Finding square root through prime
factorisation
 Finding square root by division method

5. Square Roots of Decimals

6. Estimating Square Root

Facts
 When a natural number is raised to the power 2 then it is called
the square of the number.
 If a natural number is multiplied by itself, the result is a perfect
square number which is also a natural number.
 Any natural number may not be a perfect square.
 A square number can be expressed as the product of equal prime
factors.
Ex: 36 = 6 = (2 x 3) = 2 x 3 .
2 2 2 2

 A square number will always have either 0, 1, 4, 5 or 9 at the

unit's place but the converse is not true. Ex: 21 is not a square.
 If a natural number has either 2, 3, 7 or 8 at its unit place then it
cannot be a square number.
 The square of an even number is always even while the square of
an odd number is always odd.
 If two consecutive triangle numbers are added, we always obtain
a square number.
Ex: 1, 3, 6, 10, …… is the set of triangular numbers and 1 + 3 = 4
= 2,
2

 If we take squares of two consecutive natural numbers n & n +

1, we will find 2n non-square natural numbers between them.
 The sum of the first natural odd natural numbers is n .2

Ex: 1 + 3 + 5 = (sum of first 3 odd natural numbers = 9 = 3 . 2

 If a natural number is not the sum of consecutive odd natural

numbers, starting from 1 then it cannot be a perfect square.
 The square of any odd natural number greater than 1 is always
the sum of two consecutive natural numbers.
i.e. 5 = 25 = 12 + 13, 9 = 81 = 40 + 41, etc.
2 2

 The square of any number having 5 in the unit’s place can be

formed by using the formula (a5) = a(a + 1) x 100 + 25.
2

 A set of three natural numbers a, b, c are said to form a

Pythagorean triplet (a, b, c) if a + b = c
2 2 2

 If n be any natural number m > 1, then (2n, n - 1, n + 1) will

2 2

form a Pythagorean triplet.

 The square root of any number n is that number which when
multiplied by itself gives the original number n.
 The square root is the inverse function of finding square. pq

[sqrtpq[sqrtpq
= √p/√q.

 There are two integral square roots of a perfect square number n

+ viz. √n & -√n. Ex: 6 = 36 => √36 = ± 6 i.e. +6 & -6
2
  If the square of a natural number is known then the square of the
next natural number can be formed out by the sum of the square,
the number & the next natural number.
Ex: 31 = 30 + 30 + 31 = 961.
2 2

Applications of a Square Root

 Square roots are used to determine the length of the diagonal of
a square or a triangle.
 When we need to calculate the third side of a triangle where the
measurement of the other two sides of the triangle are known
then square roots are used.
 Square roots are used to calculate the standard deviation.
 In order to solve a quadratic equation, square roots are used.

Methods of Finding Square Root

1. By Prime Factorization Method: To find the square root of a
number by prime factorization method, first we need to derive
the number and then determine the prime factors of the number
by successive division. Then pair the derived prime factors in
such a way that both the factors are equal in the pair. Calculate
the product of one factor taken from each pair to obtain the
desired square root.
2. By Repeated Subtraction: This method is used when the
natural numbers are small. To calculate the number of odd
numbers whose sum is the given natural number, we keep
subtracting 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …… till we arrive at 0. Then we count the
number of times the subtraction is performed to arrive at 0. The
count becomes the square root of the number.
3. Long Division Method: When the square numbers are big then
we use the long division method because the prime factorization
method becomes difficult. In this method, we place the bar on
each pair of the given number starting from its unit’s place. Then
divide the leftmost digit of the given number by a number whose
square root is less than or equal to the leftmost number of the
given number.
 4. Divide the number and write quotient and the remainder. Then
pull the next paired digits next to the remainder and continue the
division method till you arrive at 0.
5. The derived quotient becomes the square root of the given
number.

From Exam Point of View

By going through the above notes, you will definitely be able to solve
all the questions in NCERT Solutions provided by Vedantu. This chapter
is a very important chapter and also very lengthy but there is no need
to feel scared, Vedantu has a team of very experienced teachers from
reputed institutions across the country who can help you overcome
your fears for the subject and master the topic. There are a variety of
sums given for the chapter in NCERT Solutions pdf which will give you
an idea of what kind of question you can expect in exams. You can use
the pdf of the solutions for your extensive practice for exams.

We Cover All the Exercises of the Class 8 Maths Chapter 8

- Squares and Square Roots

Chapter 14 Squares and Square Roots Exercises in

PDF Format

Exercise 6.1 9 Question and Solutions

Exercise 6.2 2 Questions and Solutions

Exercise 6.3 10 Questions and Solutions

Exercise 6.4 9 Questions and Solutions

Benefit of Using Vedantu’s NCERT Solution

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provided by Vedantu. The solutions are designed by very experienced
subject matter experts. They have designed the solutions in a very
simple way by demonstrating in step wise so that it becomes self-
explanatory. Vedantu has provided solutions to every question of the
chapter and you can verify the answers with the solutions given. This
will boost your confidence and will also help you with time
management during the exams which is very important. If you have
any doubts relating to the topic then you can completely rely on the
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Related Questions
A perfect square number can never have the digit …….. at the unit's place.
A.1B.4C.8D.9A.1B.4C.8D.9
To what power should (-2) be raised to get 64?

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In the chapter 6 for class 8, Square and Square Roots, you will study about
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numbers, Pythagorean triplets, square roots and various methods to find
square roots of natural numbers, decimals and fractions.

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NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 8 MATHS

Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers
Chapter 2 - Linear Equations in One Variable
Chapter 3 - Understanding Quadrilaterals
Chapter 4 - Practical Geometry
Chapter 5 - Data Handling
Chapter 7 - Cubes and Cube Roots
Chapter 8 - Comparing Quantities
Chapter 9 - Algebraic Expressions and Identities
Chapter 10 - Visualising Solid Shapes
Chapter 11 - Mensuration
Chapter 12 - Exponents and Powers
Chapter 13 - Direct and Inverse Proportions
Chapter 14 - Factorisation
Chapter 15 - Introduction to Graphs
Chapter 16 - Playing with Numbers
NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 8
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