Agudal, Shairalyn F.

Biosystematics
BS Biology 1-C (Exercise Activity # 9: Kingdom Plantae)

Plant Name Monocotyledon and Description (seeds, root system, stem, leaf, flower, reproduction
Dicotyledon and examples).
The root system of hibiscus is a taproot system, which means it
consists of a single main root that grows deep into the soil to soak up
Hibiscus Dicotyledon moisture and nutrients. This allows the plant to survive in harsh
conditions where water is scarce, its stem is aerial, erect, green,
cylindrical, and branched. A hibiscus leaf will usually have two different
shades of green on its lower and upper surfaces, with the upper surface
usually a brighter green than the lower. In addition, fresh growth tends to be
a lighter shade of green as well.
I think, Orchid has aerial root system that is an adventitious root, which
grab hold on something for support, it has Rhizomes which are bulbous
stem-like structure extending along the surface of the potting media, it has
Orchids Monocotyledon vascular cylinder structure as it’s vascular tissue, Size of a speck of dust as
it’s seed, and one way it reproduces is asexual reproduction via seed.

From what I know, Marigold has fibrous root, The stem is arranged the
opposite of its leaves and usually finely cut, it has complex conducting
tissue formed of more than one cell type, it seeds are attached to the long,
Marigold Dicotyledon slender, and pointed achene, Marigold is propagated by seed as it
geminates easily and produces vigorous plants.

Rose root structure Roses have two types of roots – thick roots that
help to stabilize the plant, keep it upright and store nutrients and thin
Rose Dicotyledon feeder roots that absorb nutrients from the soil. The feeder roots are
covered in hair like growths to help with absorption. As the plants
grow, the roots become thick and woody to support the plant. Roses
are erect, climbing, or trailing shrubs, the stems of which are usually
copiously armed with prickles of various shapes and sizes, commonly
called thorns. The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound (i.e.,
feather-formed), usually with oval leaflets that are sharply toothed.
The sexual reproduction in rose plants happens with the fusion of male
and female gametes produced by plants.

peonies are propagated by root division, and sometimes by seed. Tree

peonies can be propagated by grafting, division, seed, and from
cuttings, although root grafting is most common commercially, Leaves
Peony Dicotyledon are alternate, biternate, and deeply dissected. Leaflets are stalked,
ovate to broad-oval, 3-5 lobed, pale green above, blue-green beneath,
and up to 4" in size. The most common method of propagation for
herbaceous peonies is crown/root division of plants that are 3 or more
 years in age
From what I know, Poppy grows with long tap roots, it has Cylindrical,
whitish in color with scattered prickles, it has vascular tissue system, it
Poppy Dicotyledon seeds is small kidney-shaped and grayish blue or dark blue color, they
reproduce rapidly by self-seeding.

The sunflower root system is taproot which develops rapidly and

penetrates nearly vertically downward. Usually, its depth exceeds the
height attained by the plant, and this holds true for all stages of
growth. The sunflower has a spirally arranged leaf arrangement with
Sunflower Dicotyledon no leaflets, and the leaf margin has a serrated margin. The leaf
venation is pinnate, and the leaf hair is on both sides of the mature
leaves and stems. Sunflowers are fast reproducers, and one plant can
create dozens of others.

Jasmine has a moderately invasive root system that would spread out
and go deep into the soil. thus, a vigorous, twining deciduous climber
with sharply pointed pinnate leaves and clusters of starry, pure white
flowers in summer, which are the source of its heady scent. The leaf
Jasmine Dicotyledon has 5 to 9 leaflets. The mode of reproduction in jasmine is mound
layering. It is induced by bending the lower branch to the ground and
covering it with soil. After some time, the adventitious roots start to
develop.

Pineapples have a seed which is dark brown or black that is buried

underground root system allows the pineapple to absorb the water and
nutrient from the soil. fruits grow on the top of stiff stems that emerge
from the center of the bromeliad plant. Thus, it has a short stout stem
Pineapple Monocotyledon and a rosette of sword-shaped leaves with needle-like tips. The leaves
are waxy, have upturned spines on the margins and may be soiled
green or striped with red, white or cream. It also reproduces asexually
and has a terminal inflorescence that typically consists of 50–200
individual flowers. Each flower contains three sepals, three petals, six
stamens, and a gynoecium with a three-carpel inferior ovary 5.
The coconut tree is derived from the kingdom named Plantae. It is a
member of the family called Aceraceae. The phylum to which the
coconut tree belongs is Angiospermae and its class is known as
Monocot. The genus of the coconut tree is Cocos and its species is
Coconut Monocotyledon referred to as Nucifera. coconut trees have an adventitious root
system. These adventitious roots do not develop from the parent plant.
Instead, these roots grow from the stem or trunk of the original plant.
The roots of the coconut palm tree emerge from a 15-inch-wide area
 near the bottom of the trunk. It also has a leaf that called fronds, which
are pinnate that means they have many leaflets on each side of central
axis, bright green when young and brown when old. Its reproduction
is sexual and asexual thus, a seed because it is the reproductive part of
the tree, coconut is a fruit because it is one-seeded and coconut is a nut
because it has no seeds I think.

The majority of the roots in an onion’s short, scarcely branching root

system, are located in the upper parts of the soil. It has a tubular, blue-
green leaves that emerge from a bulb. The leaves are fleshy,
Onion Monocotyledon cylindrical and do not contain a chlorophyl. Onion reproduces towards
a sexual means and also asexually through vegetable mining/
vegetable propagation.

Banana trees have a single intertwined mat system that does not grow
in a central axial direction but rather spreads suckers from a fibrous
Banana Monocotyledon root system. The roots grow 5-15 feet deeper both straight and
horizontally, so they need bigger space to spread but they’re not
invasive as they’re flexible. It has a large, flexible and waterproof
leaves that could also be used for cooking. It also reproduces
asexually in the process of vegetative reproduction which means a
plant is grown from a existing plant.

Wheat has a the fibrous root system consists of pole-borne seminal

roots, shoot-borne crown roots, root-borne lateral roots, and root hairs
Each leaf comprises the sheath, wrapping around the subtending leaf,
Wheat Monocotyledon and a lamina (blade). At the junction of the sheath and lamina, there is
a membranous structure, the ligule, and a pair of small, hairy
projections, the auricles. The base of the leaves on the culm is
thickened to form a hard knot or pulvinus, during asexual
reproduction, a single parent produces offspring. The offspring have
the same genes, and therefore the same inherited traits, as the parent.
During sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring.
In grass Two root systems exist for grasses: 1) the primary roots that
develop from the embryo during seed germination, and 2) the
adventitious roots that emerge from nodes of the crown and lateral
stems. The primary or seminal (seed) roots usually do not live beyond
the first season following planting. The leaf has culm: central axis of
Grass Monocotyledon the mature grass shoot, comprised of nodes and internodes; each node
bearing a leaf. leaf blade: part of the leaf above the sheath, also known
as the lamina. leaf sheath: lower section of a grass, enclosing its
associated culm internode. Thus, Grasses may reproduce sexually by
seed (sexual reproduction), or asexually via vegetative propogation
 (tillers which arise from adventitious buds on culm nodes, rhizomes,
and stolons). This section deals only with sexual reproduction
involving flowers, pollination, and seeds.
From what I know, Lotus root is a rhizome which roots grown horizontally
as a line of interconnected root stubs connected by nodes, it stem go
Lotus underground or underwater turning from whip like structure and enlarge
Monocotyledon into stems, Parenchyma tissue is present in the leaves and vascular tissue is
present within the petiole, Lotus seed is Nelumbo nucifera also known as
Lotus nut, It reproduce through vegetative reproduction through its
rhizomes.
Daisies have strong, vigorous root systems. The thick, deep roots
enable them to seek out moisture below the soil's surface. Daisies are
hardy perennials due in part to the strength thus, as it leaves is a
Daisies Dicotyledon spoon-shaped leaves that form a rosette at the base of the plant, close
to the ground and among the short grass it favors, All true daisies
belong to the same family, Asteraceae, and they all have similar
methods of sexual and asexual reproduction.

From what I know, Light-green, slender, pithy stem that exudes milky sap, it
Dandelions Dicotyledon produces a strong taproot that is capable of penetrating the soil.
Dandelions have a long, thick taproot extending 10-15 inches into the soil.
The taproot is essential for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and
nutrients from the ground. The deep root system also allows dandelions to
access resources other plants cannot, making them extremely resilient.

Water lily is typically white or yellow rise above water, it rhizomes are
fleshy tubers that store nutrients, it seed sheds once a year. With striking
flowers and leaves that float serenely, water lilies are enchanting plants.
Water Lily Monocotyledon They’re easy to grow and care for, so turning your pond into a picturesque
oasis won’t take much work. They reproduce by forming root-like stems
called rhizomes beneath the soil, allowing it to reproduce asexually.

Mature cattail has large creeping underground stems, The thick, white roots
Cattail Monocotyledon grow underground near the edge of ponds in shallow swales, and has
upright perennial plants that emerge from creeping rhizomes.

Yellow bell has branched, sparingly hairy or nearly smooth shrub, it has fast-
growing evergreen shrub with slender, gray-brown branches and clusters of
Yellow belle Monocotyledon yellow, and the seed is long, narrow beanlike seedpods.
 The sampaguita has many roots, it is rough in texture, it is medium in
size and it is white to brown in color. The roots send vitamins and
Sampaguita Dicotyledon minerals coming from the soil. The role of the roots is to transport
water and nutrients to all parts of this flower. an evergreen vine or
shrub reaching up to 0.5 to 3 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall. The species is
highly variable, possibly a result of spontaneous mutation, natural
hybridization, and autopolyploidy.