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16 views

Expt 1

Uploaded by

username79780
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EXPERIMENT #1

TITLE:
‘To draw B-H curve for two different samples of iron core and compare their relative permeability’
OBJECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT:
i) To familiarized with magnetic circuit.
ii) To understand B-H curve and magnetic saturation.
iii) To understand the significance of relative permeability of magnetic material.

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED:
1. Two samples of iron core
2. Power Supply Unit
3. Sample Iron core
4. Ammeter (AC)
5. Voltmeter (AC)
6. Connecting Leads
BASIC THEORY
Let us consider a magnetic circuit as shown in fig 1.2 When the core is magnetized in alternating
current to a particular value (𝐼1) corresponding to point 1 in the hysteresis loop shown in fig. 1.1,
the core will undergo from the magnetic reversal following the inner loop 1. According to
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction emf 𝐸2 will induce across the secondary coil. The
magnitude of 𝐸2 is given by:
𝐸2= 4.44 f N₂ 𝐵m A
Hence, by measuring the magnitude of E2, we can estimate the value of maximum flux density in
the core (corresponding to current 𝐼1) as follow,
𝐸2
Bm1 =
4.44𝑓𝑁2 𝐴

Fig 1.1 Hysteresis Loop


If we further increase the magnetizing current to a particular value (𝐼2 ) corresponding to point '2'
in the hystersis loop shown in fig 1.1, the core will undergo through magnetic reversal following
the outer loop-2 and so on.
𝑁1 𝐼1
The magnetizing Force ‘H’ is given by , H=
𝐿
Hence we can draw the B-H curve of the core experimentally.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EXPERIMENT:

PROCEDURE:
1. Measure the dimension of the core sample.
2. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in fig 1.2. Get the Circuit checked by the lab instructor.
3. Note down the current rating of the coils and number of turns in the coil.
4. Select the scale or range of ammeter and voltmeter properly.
5. Calculate the value of one small division of deflection in ammeter and voltmeter for the
selected scale or range.
6. Get the Circuit checked by the teacher.
7. Increase the supply voltage to …….. V.
8. Switch on power supply unit and take the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
9. Increase the current through the primary coil by Autotransformer.
10. Repeat the procedure until the current reach the maximum current rating of the coil.
11. Connect the circuit as in fig 1.3 and repeat the procedure (1) to (6) for another sample of iron
core.
12. Plot the B-H curves for both sample in a common graph paper.
OBSERVATION:
Smaller Sample core:
Dimension of Sample core (smaller)
a =……….m, b =……….m, c =……….m, d =……….m,
𝑁2 ………..
N1=……………, N2= ………….. Turn ratio (K) = = ………. = ….…..
𝑁1

Length of mean path (L) = 2(a-d)+2(b-d) = 2( …….. - ………) + 2(…….. - ……..) = ……….. m
Cross Sectional area (A) = c×d = ……… × ………= …………m2
Reading for Smaller Sample core
SN V1 I1 E2 or V2 𝐸2 𝑁1 𝐼1 Turn Ratio Mean (K)
(Volts) (Amp) (Volts) Bm = 4.44𝑓𝐴𝑁2 H=
𝐿 𝑉2
K=
𝑉1
Readings for Bigger Sample core:
SN V1 I1 E2 or V2 Turn Ratio Mean (K)
(Volts) (Amp) (Volts) 𝑉2
K=
𝑉1
CALCULATIONS
From Graph
Smaller Sample
𝐵
Absolute permeability (μ) = = =
𝐻
𝜇
Relative permeability (𝜇𝑟 ) = = =
𝜇0
Bigger Sample
𝐵
Absolute permeability (μ) = = =
𝐻
𝜇
Relative permeability (𝜇𝑟 ) = = =
𝜇0

(Discuss your results taking the reference of the experimental data and results and point out the
concluding remarks.)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
CONCLUSIONS:

REVIEW QUESTION: (Give appropriate answers to these questions)


1. What is the function of the autotransformer in the circuit diagram. Explain how it will fulfill that
function.
2. What do you mean by magnetic saturation? Explain why the saturation occurs in the magnetizing
process?
3. Define relative permeability of a magnetic material according to the experimental results from
the B-H curve, how would you grade the two sample core according to their relative permeability?

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