Solution

SETS, RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS AND TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(d) B ⊆ A
Explanation: B ⊆ A
Because B is contained in A..So the union of these two will be A
2.
(b) {3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21, 24, 27}
Explanation: Since set B represent multiple of 5 so from Set A common multiple of 3 and 5 are excluded.
3.
(c) A
Explanation: We have to find (A')' = ?
Now, A = U\A
⇒ (A')' = (U\A)' = U'\A'

⇒ (A')' = U'\(U\A)

⇒ (A')' = U'\(U\A)
⇒ (A')' = A

4. (a) 1 ∈ Q
Explanation: N is set of natural number, so
x= 1

When y = 1 then x = 1
So, 1 ∈Q
5.
(d) A
Explanation: Common between set A and (A ∪ B)is set A itself
6.
(c) [0, 2

3
]

Explanation: f(x) = cos-1 (3x - 1)

The domain for function cos-1 x is [-1, 1] and range is [0, π ]
When a function is multiplied by an integer, the domain of the function is decreased by the same number.
So, domain of cos-1 x is [-1, 1]
Multiply function by 3
domain of cos-1 3x is [
−1 1
⇒ , ]
3 3

⇒ domain of cos-1 (3x - 1) is [ 1

3
−
1

3
,
1

3
+
1

3
] i.e. [0, 2

3
]

7. (a) two points

Explanation: From A, x2 + y2 = 5 and from B, 2x = 5y
Now, 2x = 5y ⇒ x = 5

2y

x2 + y2 = 5 ⇒ ( + y2 = 5
5
∴ )
2y

−−
⇒ 29y2 = 20 ⇒ y = ±√ 20

29

−−
⇒ 29y2 = 20 ⇒ y = ±√ 20

29
−−
∴ x= 5

2
(± √
20

29
)

∴ Possible ordered pairs = four

But two ordered pair in which c is positive and y is negative will be rejected as it will not be satisifed by the equation in B.

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 Therefore,
A ∩ B contains 2 elements.
8.
(d) reflexive
Explanation: Any relation R is reflexive if xRx for all x ∈ R. Here, (a, a), (b, b), (c, c)∈ R. Therefore, R is reflexive.
9.
(d) 1

x
x−1
Explanation: We have f (x) = x+1
then
1
−1
f(x ) 1−f (x)
f (
f (x)
1
) = 1
= 1+f (x)
+1
f(x )

x −1
1−
x+1−x+1
= x +1

x −1
= x+1+x−1
= 2

2x
= 1

x
1+
x +1

10. (a) {b, c}

Explanation: Since the range is represented by the y- coordinate of the ordered pair (x, y). Therefore, the range of the given
relation is { b, c }.
11.
(c) 2
Explanation: cosec 150° = cosec (180° - 30°) = cosec 30° = 2.
12.
(b) - 2 cosec θ
√1+cos θ √1−cos θ (1+cos θ)+(1−cos θ)
Explanation: Given exp. = + =
√1−cos θ √1+cos θ √1− cos 2 θ

∵ θ lies in quadrant III

2 2
= = [ ]
√sin2 θ | sin θ|
⇒ sin θ < 0 ⇒ | sin θ| = − sin θ
2
= = −2 cosec θ
− sin θ

13. (a) 2

√5

Explanation: π

2
< x < π ⇒
π

4
<
x

2
<
π

2
⇒
π

2
lies in quadrant I ⇒ sin x

2
> 0

Now, 2 sin2 x

2
= (1 - cos x) = (1 + 3

5
) =
8

5
⇒ sin
2 x

2
=
8

10
=
4

5
−
−
x 4 2
∴ sin = √ =
2 5 √5

14.
(b) cos 2A
Explanation: cos(36o - A) cos(36o + A) + cos(54o + A) cos(54o - A)
= cos(36o - A) cos(36o + A) + sin[90o - (54o + A)] sin [90o - (54o - A)] [Since sin(90 ∘
− θ) = cos θ ]
= cos(36o - A) cos(36o + A) + sin(36o - A) sin(36o + A)
= cos(36o + A - 36o + A) [Using cos(A - B) formula]
= cos 2A
15.
(b) 194
Explanation: We have:
tan A + cot A = 4
Squaring both the sides:
(tan A + cot A)2 = 42
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2(tan A) (cot A) = 16
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 = 16
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A = 14
Squaring both the sides again:
(tan2 A + cot2 A)2 = 142
⇒ tan4 A + cot4 A + 2 (tan2 A) (cot2 A) = 196

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 ⇒ tan4 A + cot4 A + 2 = 196
⇒ tan4A + cot4 A = 194
Section B
16. Let us consider the following sets A, B and C such that
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {2, 3, 5}
C = {4, 5, 6}
Now (A ∩ B) ∪ C = ({1, 2, 3} ∩ {2, 3, 5}) ∪ {4, 5, 6}
= {2, 3} ∪ {4, 5, 6}
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
And A ∩ (B ∪ C) = {1, 2, 3} ∩ [{2, 3, 5} ∪ {4, 5, 6}
= {1, 2, 3} ∩ {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
= {2, 3}
Thus, (A ∩ B) ∪ C ≠ A ∩ (B ∪ C)
17. Natural numbers start from
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B ∪ C = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7}...(1)
A ∩ B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
A ∩ C = {1, 3, 5, 7}
(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7}....(2)
Using (1) and (2) ,
⇒ A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

Hence proved.
x−1
18. Here we have, f(x) = x+1

Need to prove: f ( 1

x
) = -f(x)
Now replacing x by 1

x
we get,
1
−1
1 x
f ( )=
x 1
+1
x

1 1−x
⇒ f ( )=
x 1+x

−(x−1)
⇒ f (
1

x
)= = -f(x)
(x+1)

Hence proved.
19. According to the question,we have ,
To prove: (a, b) R1 and (b, c) R1 (a, c) R1 is not true for all a, b, c R.
Given R1 = {(a, b): 1 + ab > 0}
Let a = 1, b = - 0.5, c = - 4
Here, (1, - 0.5) R1 [∵ 1 + (1 × - 0.5) = 0.5 > 0]
And, (- 0.5, - 4) R1 [∵ 1 + (- 0.5 × - 4) = 3 > 0]
But, (1, - 4) ∉ R1 [∵ 1 + (1 × - 4) = - 3 < 0]
∴ (a, b) R1 and (b, c) R1 (a, c) R1 is not true for all a, b, c R
Hence Proved.
Here R1 is a relation whereas R denotes a real number.
20. Given: In any △ABC
√sin A − √sin B a+b−2√ab
To prove: =
a−b
√sin A + √sin B

a+b−2√ab
R.H.S = a−b
2 2
( √a) +( √b) −2√ab
=
2 2
( √a) −( √b)

2
( √a− √b)
=
2 2
( √a) −( √b)

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 ( √a− √b)
=
( √a+ √b)

( √k sin A − √k sin B )
=
( √k sin A + √k sin B )

( √sin A − √sin B )
= [taking k common and cancelling them]
( √sin A + √sin B )

= L.H.S
Hence proved
21. We have to prove: 1 + cos2 2x = 2 cos4x + sin4x
LHS = 1 + cos2 2x = 2(cos4 x + sin4 x)
= [(cos2x + sin2x)]2 + [(cos2x - sin2x)]2 ... {∵ cos2x = cos2 x – sin2 x & cos2 x + sin2 x = 1}
= (cos4x + sin4x + 2 cos2x sin2x) + (cos4x + sin4x - 2 cos2x sin2x)
= cos4x + sin4x + cos4x + sin4x
= 2 cos4x + sin4x
LHS = RHS
Section C
22. Let x ∈ {A ∩ (B - C)}
x ∈ A and x ∈ B - C
x ∈ A and x ∈ B and x ∉ C
(x ∈ A and x ∈ B) and (x ∈ A and x ∉ C)
x ∈ A ∩ B and x ∉ A ∩ C
x ∈ (A ∩ B) - (A ∩ C)
A ∩ (B ∩ C) ⊆ (A ∩ B) - (A ∩ C) ...(i)
Again, let
y ∈ (A ∩ B) ∩ (A - C)
y ∈ A and (y ∈ B and y ∉ C)
y ∈ A and y ∈ B - C
y ∈ {A ∩ (B - C)}
(A ∩ B) - (A ∩ C) ⊆ A ∩ (B - C) ...(ii)
From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
A ∩ (B - C) = (A ∩ B) - (A ∩ C)
Hence Proved
23. Given, U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}
A = {2,3,5,7} B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,12,24}
Now, A’ = {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24} B’ = {5,7,9,10}
A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,12,24}
(A ∪ B)’ = {9,10}
A ∩ B = {2,3} (A ∪ B)’ = {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}
(i) A – B = A ∩ B’
L.H.S = A – B = {2,3,5,7} – {1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24} = {5,7} R.H.S = A ∩ B’ = {2,3,5,7} ∩ {5,7,9,10} = {5,7}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S,
(ii) (A ∪ B)’ = A ∩ B’
L.H.S = (A ∪ B)’ = {9,10}
R.H.S = A’∩ B’ = {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24} ∩ {5,7,9,10}
= {9,10}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S,
(iii) (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
L.H.S = (A ∩ B)’ = {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,24}
R.H.S = A’ ∩ B’ = {1,4,6,8,9,10,12,24} ∩ {5,7,9,10}
= {1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,34}
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
24. Given that, f : R → R: f(x) = 2x

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 i. To find: Range of x Here, f(x) = 2x is a positive real number for every x ∈ R because 2x is positive for every x ∈ R
Moreover, for every positive real number x, ∃ log 2x ∈ R such that
f(log2 x) = 2 log2 x

= x [∵ a loga x
= x]

Hence, the range of f is the set of all positive real numbers.

ii. To find: {x : f(x) = 1}
We have, f(x) = 1 ...(i)
and f(x) = 2x ...(ii)
From eq. (i) and (ii), we get
2x = 1
⇒ 2x = 20 [∵ 20 = 1]
Comparing the powers of 2, we obtain
⇒ x = 0

∴ {x : f(x) = 1} = 0

iii. To find: f(x + y) = f(x), f(y) for all x, y ∈ R, We have,

f(x + y) = 2x+y
= 2x ⋅ 2y
[The exponent "product rule" tells us that, when multiplying two powers that have the same base, you can add the exponents
or vice - versa]
= f(x) ⋅ f(y) [∵ f(x) = 2x]
∴ f(x + y) = f(x) ⋅ f(y) holds for all x, y ∈ R

25. According to the question, we can write,

given: A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4}
To find: graphical representation of A × B
A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
To represent A × B graphically, given steps must be followed:
a. One horizontal and one vertical axis should be drawn.
b. The element of set A should be represented in horizontal axis and on vertical axis elements of set B should be represented.
c. Draw dotted lines perpendicular to horizontal and vertical axes through the elements of set A and B.
d. Point of intersection of these perpendicular represents A × B.

26. To prove: cos2 + cos2 π

8
3π

8
+ cos2 5π

8
+ cos2 7π

8
=2
LHS = cos2 + cos2 π

8
3π

8
+ cos2 5π

8
+ cos2 7π

Identities used:
cos 2x = 2 cos2 x - 1
⇒ 2 cos2 x = 1 + cos 2x
⇒ cos2x = 1+cos 2x

Therefore,
2π 6π 10π 14π
1+cos 1+cos 1+cos 1+cos

= 2
8
+ 2
8
+ 2
8
+ 2
8

2π 2π 2π 2π
1+cos 1+cos(π− ) 1+cos(π+ ) 1+cos(2π− )

= + + + ... {∵ π −
8 8 8 8 2π 6π 2π 10π 2π 14π
= ;π + = ; 2π − = }
2 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 8

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 2π 2π 2π 2π
1+cos 1−cos 1−cos 1+cos

= 2
8
+ 2
8
+ 2
8
+ 2
8
... {∵ cos (π - θ) = - cos θ, cos (π + θ) = - cos θ and cos(2π - θ) = cos θ}
2π 2π
1+cos 1−cos

= 2× + 2×
8 8

2 2

= 1 + cos 2π

8
+ 1 - cos 2π

=2
LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
Section D
27. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The given table shows the 10 most famous engineering private colleges of India with their respective fee structure of 4 years
Bachelor of Technology course. The Budget of Ram is 6 lakhs and budget of Sri is 4 lakhs.
Private College Fee structure (4 Years course)

Birla Institute of Technology & Science 11.57 Lakhs

SRM University 9 Lakhs

Manipal Institute of Technology 7 Lakhs

AMITY University 10 Lakhs

Jaypee Institute of Information Technology 6 Lakhs

LPU University 6.8 Lakhs

Thapar Institute of Technology 8 Lakhs

Kalinga Institute of Technology 4 Lakhs

Vellore Institute of Technology 9 Lakhs

Chandigarh University 3.3 Lakhs

(i) On increasing the budget of Sri by 3 lakh, the total budget will be 7 lakhs. So, the set of college in which she can take
admission are {Manipal, LPU, Jaypee, Chandigarh, Kalinga}. But the set of colleges in which Ram can take admission
are {Manipal, LPU, Thapar, Jaypee, Chandigarh, Kalinga}. Since there is one element that is not common in both the
sets, the required set is {Thapar}.
(ii) Earlier when the budget was 6 lakh, the set of colleges are {Jaypee, Chandigarh, Kalinga}. On increasing the budget by
2 lakhs, the total budget of Ram becomes 8 lakhs. So, the set of college in which he can take admission are {Manipal,
LPU, Thapar, Jaypee, Chandigarh, Kalinga}.
(iii)The common colleges in which Sri and Ram both of them can take admission are Chandigarh and Kalinga. So, the
required set is {Chandigarh, Kalinga}.
(iv)Yes, there are two colleges whose fees are either equal to or less than 4 lakhs. So, the required set is {Chandigarh,
Kalinga}.
28. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to vote and voter turnout was about
67%, the highest ever.

Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting right in the general election held in 2019. A
relation ‘R’ is defined on I as follows:
R = {(v1, v2) ∶ v1, v2 ∈ I and both use their voting right in general election – 2019}

(i) (d) (X, Y) ∉ R

Explanation: (X, Y) ∉ R

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 (ii) (d) Both (X, W) and (W, X) ∈ R
Explanation: Both (X, W) and (W, X) ∈ R
(iii) (c) (F1, F2) ∈ R, (F2, F3) ∈ R and (F1, F3) ∈ R
Explanation: (F1, F2) ∈ R, (F2, F3) ∈ R and (F1, F3) ∈ R

(iv) (a) Equivalence relation

Explanation: Equivalence relation
Section E
29. Suppose n(F ), n(B) and n(C ) denote the number of men who received medals in Football, Basketball and Cricket, respectively.
Then,
n(F) = 38, n(B) = 15, n(C) = 20, n(F ∪ B ∪ C ) = 58 and n(F ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3
∵ n(F ∪ B ∪ C ) = n(F) + n(B) + n(C) + n(F ∩ B ∩ C ) −n(F ∩ B) − n(F ∩ C ) − n(B ∩ C )

58 = 38 + 15 + 20 + 3−n(F ∩ B) − n(F ∩ C ) − n(B ∩ C )

⇒ n(F ∩ B) + n(F ∩ C ) + n(B ∩ C ) = 76 - 58 = 18

Here, 'a' = the number of men who got medals in Football and Basketball only.
‘b' = the number of men who got medals in Football and Cricket only.
'c' = the number of men who got medals in Basketball and Cricket only.
'd ’= the number of men who got medals in all the three games.
Thus, d = n(F ∩ B ∩ C ) = 3
and n(F ∩ B) + n(F ∩ C ) + n(B ∩ C ) = 18
⇒ (a + d) + (b + d) + (c + d) = 18

⇒ a + b + c + 3d = 18

⇒ a + b + c+ 3(3) = 18 [Put d = 3, given]

∴ a + b + c = 9

Hence, people who got medals in exactly two of the three sports is 9.
30. i. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find A × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, A × B = {2, 3, 5} × {5, 7}

A × B = {(2, 5), (3, 5), (5, 5), (2, 7), (3, 7), (5, 7)}
ii. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}
To find: B × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e.,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {5, 7}. So, B × A = (5, 7) × (2, 3, 5)

B × A = {(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 5)}
iii. Given: A = {2, 3, 5} and B = {2, 3, 5}
To find: A × A
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e,

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 X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, A = {2, 3, 5} and A = {2, 3, 5}. So, A × A = (2, 3, 5) × (2, 3, 5)

A × A = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
iv. Given: B = {5, 7}
To find: B × B
As we know that According to the definition of the Cartesian product,
Given two non-empty sets X and Y. The Cartesian product X × Y is the set of all
ordered pairs of elements from X and Y, i.e.,
X × Y = {(X, Y) : x ∈ X, y ∈ Y}

Here, B = {(5, 7) and B = {5, 7}. So, B × B = (5, 7) × (5, 7)}

B × B = {(5, 5), (5, 7), (7, 5), (7, 7)}

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